STUDY ON MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF CATHETER ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN ICU PATIENTS.

Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Sensitivity Pattern ◽

Lactose Fermentation ◽

Introduction: Catheter associated urinary tract infection is one of the most common infection among nosocomial infections especially in patients admitted under Critical care units (ICUs). It is one of the important quality indicator to know about the standards and implementation of hospital infection practices in a particular hospital. We tried to project the catheter associated urinary tract infection epidemiology and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of these pathogens. Materials And Methods: A total of 110 catheter associated urinary tract infections samples were collected and processed for culture.Urine samples were incubated and organisms were identied based on colony characteristics, lactose fermentation and other biochemical tests. Sensitivity to common antibiotics was done in all positive cultures. Results: Among 60 organisms isolated in CAUTI patients, all were monomicrobial isolation. Escherichia coli (53.3%) was the predominant pathogen isolated followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (20%), Klebsiella oxytoca (13.3%). Enterobacteriaceae were shown 75% above sensitivity to penems, tigecycline and colistin. Conclusion: Prophylactic use of antibiotics in critically ill patients is more helpful to patients but it has to be administered based on hospital antibiogram. Proper catheter care such as reducing duration of catheterization, adherence to infection control protocols plays a vital role to reduce the incidence of catheter associated urinary tract infections.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Pathogenic Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infections at Azadi Hospital In Duhok City\Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Science Journal of University of Zakho ◽

10.25271/2018.6.2.435 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ibtesam Salih Abdulrahman

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Maximum Sensitivity ◽

Kurdistan Region ◽

Maximum Resistance ◽

Sensitivity Pattern ◽

Urinary tract infections represents one of the most common diseases encountered in medical practice affecting people of all ages from the neonate to the geriatric age group. The aim of this study was to determine and evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for most common strains of bacterial urine isolates taken from patients at Azadi teaching hospital laboratories in Duhok city/Kurdistan region in Iraq, for two years (2014 and 2015). A retrospective survey study was conducted and 1003 data of urine culture sensitivity test were collected from recorded archives of the Azadi hospital of two years; 2014 and 2015. The study included all recorded positive urine samples cultures isolated from inpatients and outpatients. Results revealed that the female to male ratio for urinary tract infection was 2.7:1 and the most common microorganisms isolated were Escherichia coli (52%), Staphylococcus aureus (11%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (9.6%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.1%). In general maximum sensitivity was seen for Meropenem (94.9%), followed by Imipenem (89.7%) and Ertapenem (88.7%). The maximum resistance was seen against Cefazolin (79.7%) and Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (77.5%). The antibiotic sensitivity pattern of E. coli reveals that the maximum sensitivity was seen for Meropenem (97.3%) and Imipenem (95.6%). The maximum resistance was seen against Amoxicillin/clavlanic acid (83.1%). The resistance against many commonly used antibiotics have been increased which limit the options for treating urinary tract infection. This is resulted from uncontrolled use of the antibiotics and lack of policies and guidelines for their use in public health.

Prevalence of bacterial urinary tract infections in elderly living in retirement homes in Brazil

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.715 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

S Tietz Marques ◽

B Pitz da Silva ◽

A Silva Mota ◽

R Marinho de Quadros ◽

M R de Lima

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Elderly Patients ◽

Elderly People ◽

Culture Media ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Urine Sediment ◽

Abstract Background Urinary tract infections are common in humans. Urinalysis is the most widely used test for the diagnosis of urinary tract infection in Brazil. This study aimed to identify bacteria that cause urinary tract infection (UTI) in elderly patients permanently living in three retirement homes in the city of Lages, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Methods The study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of University (protocol number 2.922.891). The participants were 93 elderly people, aged between 51 and 94 years. Urine samples were subjected to physical-chemical tests and to direct analysis of cell and bacterial micromorphology. Gram staining was performed on urine sediment. Positive samples were submitted to urine culture using cystine-lactose-electrolyte-deficient agar and MacConkey culture media. Bacterial colonies were identified by Gram-positive bacteria, biochemical tests and for Gram-negative bacteria, biochemical tests of oxidase and Rugai with Lysine (NewProv®). The χ2 test with the FREQ procedure of the SAS 9.2 statistical package was used, adopting p ≤ 0.05 as the level of significance, with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results The prevalence of bacterial infection was 36.55% with rates of 46.93% in women and 25% in men. There was no positive correlation between urinary tract infections in relation to sex, age group, pH and diaper use (p > 0.05). E. coli appeared in the urine of 20.43% of the elderly, S. aureus in 8,16%; S. saprophyticus in 9,09%, 5,37% with Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Conclusions Collaborative and integrated actions are needed to facilitate the recognition and clinical management of UTI in elderly patients, which are responsibility of Federal Government social programs in partnership with states and municipalities. Key messages Elderly patients need regular monitoring. Elderly people in nursing homes need to be served by government programs.

Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of Urinary Tract Infection in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh

TAJ Journal of Teachers Association ◽

10.3329/taj.v33i2.51336 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 27-31

Author(s):

Laila Shamima Sharmin ◽

Md Azizul Haque ◽

Fardoushi Begum ◽

ASM Kazi Shamim Parvez ◽

Md Belal Uddin

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Outpatient Department ◽

Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽

Bacteriological Profile ◽

Sensitivity Pattern ◽

Pediatric urinary tract infections (UTI) are associated with significant morbidity and potential long term complication like extensive renal scarring leading to end stage renal disease. Prompt diagnosis and early initiation of treatment is necessary to prevent long term complications. Knowledge about bacteriological profile of pediatric urinary tract infections and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern is helpful for initiation of empirical antibiotic treatment. The aim of this study was to identify the causative bacteria and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of community acquired UTI in children attending outpatient department of a tertiary level hospital of Bangladesh. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in pediatric outpatient department of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh over 6 month period from 1st January 2017 to 30th June 2017. Children aged < 12 year who presented with clinical features suggestive of urinary tract infection were subjected for urinary routine and microscopic examination and culture. Colony counts of the culture positive cases were done and antibiotic sensitivity and resistance patterns were studied. Samples with colony count of ≥ 105 CFU/ml were considered significant. Among the 134 clinically suspected cases significant bacteriuria was found in 81 (60.45%) children. Escherichia coli was the most common isolate (74.1%) followed by Proteus (9.8%), Klebsiella spp. (8.6%), Pseudomonas (6.2%) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (1.2%). E. coli was found to be highly sensitive to imipenem, amikacin, nitrofurantoin and ciprofloxacin. Klebsiella showed good sensitivity against ciprofloxacin and imipenem whereas proteus, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus saprophyticus showed sensitivity against imipenem, amikacin and ciprofloxacin. Increased resistance was noted against the commonly used empirical antibiotics such as cephradin, cefuroxime, cefixime, ceftriaxone and co-trimoxazole. Therefore, selection of empirical therapy should be based on local bacteriological profile and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern. TAJ 2020; 33(2): 27-31

Detection of tox A gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa that isolates from different clinical cases by using PCR.

Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Science ◽

10.30526/2017.ihsciconf.1767 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

Rana M. Abdullah Al-Shwaikh ◽

Abbas Falih Alornaaouti

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Otitis Media ◽

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Wound Infections ◽

Current study obtained (75) isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa collected from different cases included : 28 isolates from otitis media, 23 isolates from burn infections, 10 isolates from wound infections, 8 isolates from urinary tract infections and 6 isolates from blood, during the period between 1/9/2014 to 1/11/2014 The result revealed that the tox A gene was present in 54 isolates (72%) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The gel electrophoresis showed that the molecular weight of tox A gene was 352 bp. The result shows 17 isolates (60.71%) from otitis media has tox A gene, 18 isolates (78.26%) from burn followed by 8 isolate (80%) from wound infection and 5 isolates (62.5%) from urinary tract infection , finally 6 isolates (100%) from blood have this gene.

URINARY INFECTION AT DEPARTMENT OF UROLOGY OF HUE UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY HOSPITAL

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2018.3.16 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 100-108

Author(s):

Dinh Khanh Le ◽

Dinh Dam Le ◽

Khoa Hung Nguyen ◽

Xuan My Nguyen ◽

Minh Nhat Vo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Urine Culture ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

University Hospital ◽

E Coli ◽

Positive Urine ◽

Objectives: To investigate clinical characteristics, bacterial characteristics, drug resistance status in patients with urinary tract infections treated at Department of Urology, Hue University Hospital. Materials and Method: The study was conducted in 474 patients with urological disease treated at Department of Urology, Hue Universiry Hospital from July 2017 to April 2018. Urine culture was done in the patients with urine > 25 Leu/ul who have symptoms of urinary tract disease or infection symptoms. Patients with positive urine cultures were analyzed for clinical and bacterial characteristics. Results: 187/474 (39.5%) patients had symptoms associated with urinary tract infections. 85/474 (17.9%) patients were diagnosed with urinary tract infection. The positive urine culture rate was 45.5%. Symptoms of UTI were varied, and no prominent symptoms. E. coli accounts for the highest proportion (46.67%), followed by, Staphycoccus aureus (10.67%), Pseudomonas aeruginsa (8,0%), Streptococcus faecali and Proteus (2.67%). ESBL - producing E. coli was 69.23%, ESBL producing Enterobacter spp was 33.33%. Gram-negative bacteria are susceptible to meropenem, imipenem, amikacin while gram positive are vancomycin-sensitive. Conclusions: Clinical manifestations of urinary tract infections varied and its typical symptoms are unclear. E.coli is a common bacterium (46.67%). Isolated bacteria have a high rate of resistance to some common antibiotics especially the third generation cephalosporins and quinolones. Most bacteria are resistant to multiple antibiotics at the same time. Gram (+) bacteria are susceptible to vancomycin, and gram (-) bacteria are susceptible to cefoxitin, amikacin, and carbapenem. Key words: urinary tract infection

Measuring Antibiotic Appropriateness for Urinary Tract Infections in Nursing Home Residents

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1017/ice.2017.96 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (8) ◽

pp. 998-1001 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Taniece Eure ◽

Lisa L. LaPlace ◽

Richard Melchreit ◽

Meghan Maloney ◽

Ruth Lynfield ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Nursing Home ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Nursing Home Residents ◽

Infect Control Hosp ◽

Antibiotic Prescribing ◽

Appropriate Use ◽

We assessed the appropriateness of initiating antibiotics in 49 nursing home (NH) residents receiving antibiotics for urinary tract infection (UTI) using 3 published algorithms. Overall, 16 residents (32%) received prophylaxis, and among the 33 receiving treatment, the percentage of appropriate use ranged from 15% to 45%. Opportunities exist for improving UTI antibiotic prescribing in NH.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:998–1001

Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.50.6.975 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 50 (6) ◽

pp. 975-975

Author(s):

James Kennedy Todd

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

False Positives ◽

Colony Count ◽

The recent paper by Cohen in the August issue of Pediatisics relies on the use of "one or more cultures of over 100,000 organisms per millimeter of urine" to make the diagnosis of urinary tract infections upon which the remainder of the study is dependent. Obviously, the colony count was intended to read "per milliliter," and yet the results of the study must be seriously questioned since the criterion for diagnosis of urinary tract infection was not rigid enough to exclude a large number of false-positives— patients who never really had urinary tract infections.

Larger Numbers Needed

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.80.5.764 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 80 (5) ◽

pp. 764-764

Author(s):

THOMAS E. WISWELL

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

First Year ◽

Infection Rates ◽

Symptomatic Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Tract Infections ◽

First Year Of Life

In Reply.— Dr Altschul presents data on urinary tract infections during infancy and reports infection rates substantially lower than those we have previously reported.1,2 He then makes several conclusions based on these differences. His data indicate that the maximum infection rates would be 0.11% among girls and 0.02% and 0.12% among circumcised and uncircumcised boys, respectively. In contrast, from a population of 422,328 infants, we found the overall incidence of symptomatic urinary tract infection during the first year of life to be 0.57% in girls, 0.11% in circumcised boys, and 1.12% in uncircumcised boys.

Infeções do Trato Urinário numa Coorte de Transplantados Renais

Acta Médica Portuguesa ◽

10.20344/amp.4959 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 364 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ana Bispo ◽

Milene Fernandes ◽

Cristina Toscano ◽

Teresa Marques ◽

Domingos Machado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Female Gender ◽

Introduction: Urinary tract infection is the most common infectious complication following renal transplantation and its frequency is insufficiently studied in Portugal. The aim of this study was to characterize the incidence of urinary tract infections and recurrent urinary tract infections in renal transplant recipients. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective cohort observational study, obtained from clinical files of all patients who received a renal transplant at the Hospital of Santa Cruz, from January 2004 to December 2005, with a mean follow-up period of five years or until date of graft loss, death or loss of follow-up. After a descriptive analysis of the population, we used bivariate tests to identify risk factors for urinary tract infections. Results: A total of 127 patients were included, with a 593 patients.year follow-up. We detected 53 patients (41.7%) presenting with at least one episode of urinary tract infection; 21 patients (16.5%) had recurrent urinary tract infection. Female gender was the only risk factor associated with the occurrence of urinary tract infections (p < 0.001, OR = 7.08, RR = 2.95) and recurrent urinary tract infections (p < 0.001, OR = 4.66, RR = 2.83). Escherichia coli (51.6%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.5%) and Enterobacter spp (9.9%) were the most frequently identified pathogens. Patients did not reveal an increased mortality or allograft loss. However, urinary tract infections were the most important cause of hospital admissions. Discussion: Female gender was the only risk factor for urinary tract infections in this population. Escherichia coli was the most frequent agent isolated. Conclusion: Despite preventive measures, urinary tract infections remain an important cause of morbidity and hospital admissions. Keywords: Urinary Tract Infections; Postoperative Complications; Risk Factors; Kidney Transplantation; Portugal.

Emerging Role of Microbiome in the Prevention of Urinary Tract Infections in Children

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms23020870 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 870

Author(s):

Anna Kawalec ◽

Danuta Zwolińska

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Urologic Diseases ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Tract Infections ◽

The Impact

The microbiome of the urinary tract plays a significant role in maintaining health through the impact on bladder homeostasis. Urobiome is of great importance in maintaining the urothelial integrity and preventing urinary tract infection (UTI), as well as promoting local immune function. Dysbiosis in this area has been linked to an increased risk of UTIs, nephrolithiasis, and dysfunction of the lower urinary tract. However, the number of studies in the pediatric population is limited, thus the characteristic of the urobiome in children, its role in a child’s health, and pediatric urologic diseases are not completely understood. This review aims to characterize the healthy urobiome in children, the role of dysbiosis in urinary tract infection, and to summarize the strategies to modification and reshape disease-prone microbiomes in pediatric patients with recurrent urinary tract infections.