scholarly journals Effectiveness of control measures of Mikania micrantha on grassland: a case study from grassland in Sauraha area of Chitwan National Park

2018 ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
U. Aryal ◽  
B. H. Wagle ◽  
B. Lamichhane ◽  
A. Parajuli ◽  
P. Thapa
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Sample Plot ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Mikania Micrantha ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
And Control

The spread of Mikania micrantha is causing a serious threat to native ecosystem in the tropical and sub-tropical parts of Nepal. The main objective of the study was to analyse the effectiveness of different control measures applied in the grasslands of Chitwan National Park (CNP) by comparing number and coverage of M. micrantha and native grass species. The three experimental sites were grassland of the CNP. These sites were delineated from Etrex 30, Global Positioning System (GPS) and GIS 10.3.2 in April, 2013. A block with size of 100 m x 100 m was separated by fire line on all sides for each treatment in each site. Systematic sampling with random start was used to establish sample plots within each block. Six sample plots were established in each block. The size of each plot was 2 m x 0.4 m (0.8 m2). The distance between one sample plot to another sample plot was 40 m. Three treatments applied in three blocks of each site were controlled fire, manual cutting and control (no treatment).Seedlings of M. micrantha and native grasses were counted and their coverage assessed in each plot. The coverage and number of native grass species were higher in controlled fire plot than in manual cutting and control plots. The study concludes that controlled fire is better than manual cutting and control treatments for the management of grassland. This study will help to different stakeholders to control its outreach, make polices, proper management of grasslands that are being affected by the invasion of M. micrantha. Banko JanakariA Journal of Forestry Information for Nepal Special Issue No. 4, 2018, Page: 144-149 

scholarly journals Nutrient Analysis of Grass Species Consumed by Greater One-Horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros Unicornis) in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Thakur ◽  
C.R. Upreti ◽  
K. Jha
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Rhinoceros Unicornis ◽  
Chitwan National Park

The Greater One-horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) is found almost exclusively in Nepal and North-Eastern India. There have beenonly a few studies made on the food and the nutrient compositions of fodder species preferred by The Greater One- horned Rhinoceros. Thepresent study identifies the nutrient content of the fodder species consumed by One-horned rhinoceros which would be helpful to develop proper strategies for rhinoceros food management. For this altogether 8 grass species which were most preferred by rhinoceros were collected from Chitwan National Park. Systematic sampling was applied for sample collection and collected samples were taken to the Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Khumaltar for nutrient analysis. Among all the collected species the highest OM% was seen in Faank (93.98 ± 0.88) while Ash% and CP% was found to be highest in Eragrastic Tenella (13.67 ± 2.92) and Phragmatic karka (11.94 ± 2.26) respectively. Lowest NDF% was again seen in Eragrastic tenella (76.76 ± 2.93) and lowest ADF% and ADL% were found in Mala dubo with mean values (43.50 ± 6.86) and (6.41 ± 2.16) respectively showing high digestibility of these grasses. There were only slight variation in the EE% of the grass species withhighest mean value of (3.702 ± 1.73) of Imperata cylindrical to lowest mean value of (1.722 ± 0.11) of Eragrastic tenella. Highest energy was found in Faank (4181.90 ±1.10) and Calcium content was seen highest in Cynodon dactylon (1.30 ± 0.83).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i4.11119 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(4): 402-408 

scholarly journals Assessing Tourists’ Preferences of Negative Externalities of Environmental Management Programs: A Case Study on Invasive Species in Shei-Pa National Park, Taiwan

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Ming Liu ◽  
Chia-Mei Tien
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
National Park ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiments ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

This study uses discrete choice experiments to evaluate and reduce the environmental impact of negative externalities of managing invasive alien species (IAS), such as “ecological shock”, “health risk”, “waiting time” “tour range” and “prevention and control fee”, on the support of IAS prevention and control. We used data from Taiwan’s Shei-Pa National Park and its visitors for the case study and obtained 602 valid questionnaires. The results indicate that visitors consider that each unit of externality of IAS prevention and control measures significantly reduces their utility, and the magnitude equals the estimated value of externality. However, although negative externalities are inevitable, the support for IAS prevention and control measures could be maximized by adjusting the types and proportions of negative externalities. For example, visitors are willing to sacrifice up to 1.41% of the tour range in exchange for a 1% reduction in ecological shock. This study summarizes the negative externalities of IAS prevention and control measures and proposes to adjust the combination of negative externalities to reduce the shocks of those IAS prevention and control measures on the public, so as to increase the public support for IAS policies and increase the sustainability of tourism.

scholarly journals Using RPL Model to Probe Trade-Offs among Negative Externalities of Controlling Invasive Species

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 6184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Ming Liu
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
National Park ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Ecological Disturbance ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

This empirical study uses the choice experiment method to analyze the preferences of national park (NP) visitors regarding the negative externalities of NP measures to prevent and control invasive alien species (IAS). In addition, it estimates the visitor responses to the trade-offs between various negative externalities and the prices visitors are willing to pay. Based on these trade-offs and the willing-to-pay prices, NPs can plan IAS prevention that has the least impact on visitors. Adopting visitors to Taiwan’s Shei-Pa National Park as the survey respondents, this paper uses a stratified random sampling method to select the survey time and applies systematic sampling to select respondents during the survey period. A total of 602 questionnaires and 2998 observations were obtained. The results reveal that visitors believe that the negative externalities of IAS have a significant impact on them. However, their preference for prevention and control outweighs their preference for no prevention and control measures. In terms of the negative externalities associated with IAS prevention and control, visitors award priority to avoidance of ecological disturbance and harm to visitor health, and are more likely to accept the reduction of recreational area.

scholarly journals Insight into Invasive Species (Mikania micrantha), Its Control Measures and Programmes in Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajan P Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Mikania Micrantha ◽  
Biodiversity Crisis ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Methods Of Control

Invasive species adversely affects the ecology and habitat of the species existing in a particular region. They are one of the top threats to the biodiversity of life on Earth. Mikania micrantha is spreading like a wildfire in Nepal whose effect on Rhino habitat is being studied in Chitwan National Park. Various mechanical, chemical and biological methods of control for Mikania are available. It's likely to be more cost effective to prevent the spread of invasive species in the first place than to tackle the biodiversity crisis once they have become established.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/init.v4i0.5544The Initiation Vol.4 2011 115-119

scholarly journals Distribution of Blue Bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus) and its Conservation Threats in Bardia National Park, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Pramila Koirala ◽  
Bijaya Neupane ◽  
Thakur Silwal ◽  
Bijaya Dhami ◽  
Siddhartha Regmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Habitat Management ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Zone Field ◽  
Conservation Threats ◽  
And Control

Blue bull is Asia’s largest antelope, a species of least concern in IUCN Red data list of 2020. In Nepal, it is vulnerable and is often considered as a problem animal for its crop raiding habit. Although, its population is restricted in India and Nepal, there are insufficient studies conducted on the distribution and threats of the species at local level. This study aimed to assess the distribution of blue bull and its conservation threats in Bardia National Park and its buffer zone. Field survey was carried out to identify the potential area with the information provided by park staff and buffer zone people and by the transect method in the selected habitat to determine the distribution of blue bull population. Additionally, six focus group discussions (1 in each of thefive sites and 1 with park staff) and a half-day workshop (involving 25 participants representing each site and park office) were organized to assess the existing threats to the species. Data were analyzed descriptively using MS Excel, while the distribution map was prepared using Arc GIS. Also, 8 major identified threats were ranked using relative threat ranking procedure and classified into four severity classes. We found that the population of blue bull was dispersed from core area of Bardia National Park towards the buffer zone area. Open grazing, invasive species, predation by tiger and flash flood were the major threats to the blue bull as perceived by the local people. Habitat management activities including control of grazing, removal of invasive plant species, plantation of palatable grass species, increase in other prey species of tiger and control of flood in blue bull’s habitats are recommended to protect the species and thus sustain their threatened population.

scholarly journals Effects of a New Herbicide (Aminocyclopyrachlor) on Buffalograss and Forbs in Shortgrass Prairie

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith R. Harmoney ◽  
Phillip W. Stahlman ◽  
Patrick W. Geier ◽  
Robert Rupp
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Synthetic Auxin ◽  
Shortgrass Prairie ◽  
And Control

Herbicides used to control many forb species in pastures may injure desirable native grass species. Buffalograss, a major component of shortgrass rangeland, often is injured by some growth regulator herbicides, such as 2,4-D and dicamba. Aminocyclopyrachlor (formerly known as DPX-MAT28 and herein termed ACPCR), a new synthetic auxin herbicide chemistry for control of broadleaf weeds, was investigated for injury to buffalograss and control of forbs in shortgrass prairie at varying rates of application. In the season of application, ACPCR at rates of 140 g ai ha−1or less caused buffalograss injury that was either negligible or short-lived, and visual estimates of grass injury were 8% or less at the end of the growing season. At ACPCR rates of 280 g ha−1, more injury was evident at 3 wk after treatment (WAT) than at the end of the season if adequate precipitation was available for new leaf growth. When precipitation was lacking, evidence of injury persisted through to the end of the season when treated at the greatest rate of ACPCR. Buffalograss injury was mainly in the form of browned leaf tips, but total buffalograss dry matter yield was not different between any treatments in either year. The year after treatment, no buffalograss injury was evident from any of the herbicide rates. Final forb control was 97% or greater each year for ACPCR at the 140 and 280 g ha−1rates. In this experiment, rates as low as ACPCR at 140 g ha−1provided excellent forb control and maintained buffalograss productivity.

Effects of Alcohol Policy on Population Variables and Control Measures

2019 ◽  
pp. 179-189
Author(s):  
R. W. Kisusu ◽  
N. Kalimang'asi ◽  
N. Macha ◽  
J. L. Mzungu
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Alcohol Policy ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Municipal Council ◽  
The Masses ◽  
And Control

This case study of Dodoma Municipal Council focuses on the application of statistical tools to establish Population Variables (PVs) affected by alcohol and suggested control measures. The establishment relied on primary data involving a sample size of 156 respondents selected through purposive sampling and analyzed by cross-tabs and Chi-square. The analysis found alcohol policy affects mostly the lower-educated population, small householders and youths, and these were significant at 0.029, 0.002, and 0.006 levels, respectively. The inferences drawn shows within PVs, alcohol reduces students' performances, influences separation of families, and increases poverty in the households, and all were significant at 0.003, 0.028, and 0.003, respectively. The findings conclude that alcohol affects all PVs, which consequently ends up deteriorating welfare. Therefore, to combat alcohol, the chapter recommends usage policy legal measures and educating the masses on the effect of alcohol.

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