The Microstructure of the Study Phraseological Dictionary

The article deals with the structure of the dictionary article, its parts (member, zone, field and section), the function and other aspects of each part, the microstructure of the phraseological dictionary.

NDF of the near-zone field on a line perpendicular to the source

<div>In this paper, the problem of computing the number of degrees of freedom (NDF) of the field radiated by a strip current along all the possible lines orthogonal to the source is addressed.</div><div>As well known, the NDF is equal to the number of singular values of the radiation operator that are before a critical index at which they abrupt decay. Unfortunately, in the considered case, the solution of the associate eigenvalue problem is not known in closed-form, and this prevents us from directly evaluating the singular values of the radiation operator. To overcome this drawback, a weighted adjoint operator is exploited. The latter allows obtaining an eigenvalue problem whose solution is known in closed-form but, at the same time, it modifies the singular values behavior. However, since the change affects only the dynamics of the singular values but not the critical index at which they abrupt decay, the NDF of the radiated field can be analytically estimated by resorting to the weighted adjoint operator. <br></div>

THE INTERNATIONAL CASES CONCERNING JOINT DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENTS (The Case of Saadia Arabia- Bahrain, Japan-South Korea, Thailand-Malaysia)

This article is dedicated to analysing the joint development agreements resolving or temporarily suspending maritime boundary disputes cases between Japan-South Korea, Saadia Arabia-Bahrain, and Thailand-Malaysia. Regardless of whether any delimitation line exists or not, international law allows the parties to agree on delimitation by consulting on the most appropriate conditions or jointly operate on the disputed zone, field or maritime border. If the cross-border dispute on hydrocarbon resources exists, the conclusion of a unitization agreement is not ruled out by the international practice as much. This article identifies the features of the joint development agreements, divides them into the three models recognized internationally, analyzes the main characteristics of each model of the joint development agreements through historical important precedents. Furthermore, the research lets daylight into the essential statements that regulate the fiscal regime, share proportion issues, the sovereign right, and the right to use subsoil and the seabed, within the agreements. Key words: Maritime boundary disputes, joint development agreements, unitization agreements, delimitation, joint development zone, international cases, demarcation of the continental shelf, seabed, disputes on petroleum reservoir, oil fields, production share agreements

NDF of the far zone field radiated by square sources

We consider the evaluation of the Number of Degrees of Freedom (NDF) of the field radiated by square sources in the far zone. The analysis is performed by employing a Singular-Value Decomposition (SVD) of the radiation operator in the two-dimensional scalar case. To this end, we start the analysis from simple geometries like two parallel strips and angle strips where analytical results can be established. For sufficiently spaced strip sources, the NDF depends only on their total electrical length. Then results for square sources follow on the same line. Finally, the numerical investigation of the case of concentric square sources, leading to an NDF independent on the inner source, opens the way to the discussion of the NDF of a full square source. In this case, it results that it depends only on the source perimeter. <br>

NDF of the far zone field radiated by square sources

We consider the evaluation of the Number of Degrees of Freedom (NDF) of the field radiated by square sources in the far zone. The analysis is performed by employing a Singular-Value Decomposition (SVD) of the radiation operator in the two-dimensional scalar case. To this end, we start the analysis from simple geometries like two parallel strips and angle strips where analytical results can be established. For sufficiently spaced strip sources, the NDF depends only on their total electrical length. Then results for square sources follow on the same line. Finally, the numerical investigation of the case of concentric square sources, leading to an NDF independent on the inner source, opens the way to the discussion of the NDF of a full square source. In this case, it results that it depends only on the source perimeter. <br>

Missing lawsonite found ! Resolving paradoxes of the metamorphic structure of the Western Alps

&lt;p&gt;Lawsonite is a strongly hydrated (12 weight % H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O) Ca- and Al-rich silicate, exclusively stable along low P/T gradients, typical of subduction zones. The distribution and preservation of lawsonite at the scale of a subduction/collision belt reflect the occurrence of rocks with favourable chemical composition (mainly hydrothermally altered metabasalts and marly limestones (i.e. calcschists), two lithologies especially common in the oceanic units) and their pressure-temperature-fluid history (with preservation favoured by decreasing T during decompression).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The distribution of lawsonite in the Western Alps has been investigated since several decades. In the blueschist-facies units from the South-Western Alps (Queyras, Ubaye), lawsonite is well preserved in the external domain, at the contact with the Brian&amp;#231;onnais domain, but is largely pseudomorphed in the more internal domain, at the contact with the Viso Unit. Further North, neither lawsonite nor lawsonite pseudomorphs have been reported in the supposedly blueschist-facies Combin Zone, taken by most studies as an equivalent of the Queyras-Ubaye units. This constitutes a paradox with respect to the overall metamorphic structure of the Alpine belt.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study documents for the first time several occurrences of lawsonite and garnet in the calcschists from the Combin Zone. Field and metamorphic data (thermodynamic modelling and Raman spectroscopy on carbonaceous material) point to the occurrence of two tectonometamorphic units within the Combin Zone, characterised by distinct geometry, lithological content and Alpine P-T conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the higher grade unit, lawsonite and garnet were stable at peak P-T conditions (~14-16 kbar and ~460-490 &amp;#176;C) at very low X(CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) values. Although lawsonite is systematically pseudomorphed, we have been able to recognize hourglass zoning in lawsonite or preservation of an internal fabric associated with the prograde ductile deformation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The lower grade unit (~8 &amp;#177; 1 kbar ~370-400 &amp;#176;C) is discontinuously exposed along the western base of the Dent Blanche nappe and records Alpine P-T conditions similar to those reached by the Dent Blanche nappe (Manzotti et al. 2020).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our data show that lawsonite is not missing in the Combin Zone, and resolve a paradox about the large-scale metamorphic structure of the Alps.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Manzotti, P., Ball&amp;#232;vre, M., Pitra, P., M&amp;#252;ntener, O., Putlitz, B., Robyr, M. (2020). Journal of Petrology, egaa044, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egaa044.&lt;/p&gt;

Distribution of Blue Bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus) and its Conservation Threats in Bardia National Park, Nepal

Blue bull is Asia’s largest antelope, a species of least concern in IUCN Red data list of 2020. In Nepal, it is vulnerable and is often considered as a problem animal for its crop raiding habit. Although, its population is restricted in India and Nepal, there are insufficient studies conducted on the distribution and threats of the species at local level. This study aimed to assess the distribution of blue bull and its conservation threats in Bardia National Park and its buffer zone. Field survey was carried out to identify the potential area with the information provided by park staff and buffer zone people and by the transect method in the selected habitat to determine the distribution of blue bull population. Additionally, six focus group discussions (1 in each of thefive sites and 1 with park staff) and a half-day workshop (involving 25 participants representing each site and park office) were organized to assess the existing threats to the species. Data were analyzed descriptively using MS Excel, while the distribution map was prepared using Arc GIS. Also, 8 major identified threats were ranked using relative threat ranking procedure and classified into four severity classes. We found that the population of blue bull was dispersed from core area of Bardia National Park towards the buffer zone area. Open grazing, invasive species, predation by tiger and flash flood were the major threats to the blue bull as perceived by the local people. Habitat management activities including control of grazing, removal of invasive plant species, plantation of palatable grass species, increase in other prey species of tiger and control of flood in blue bull’s habitats are recommended to protect the species and thus sustain their threatened population.