Constraints to Community Participation in Tourism In Kenya: The Mwaluganje Elephant Sanctuary

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-87
Author(s):  
Paul M. Musila ◽  
Bonface O. Kihima
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Design Data ◽  
County Governments ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
Conducive Environment

Community Based Tourism (CBT) is among several types of tourism that have been considered sustainable and beneficial to the host populations in conservation areas. The local community participation in tourism in conservation areas is supposed to be high and its members should benefit from the tourism process. However, having been presented with opportunity to improve their livelihoods, communities are constrained in various ways and generally fail to benefit from tourism development. This study was set to investigate constraints to community participation in conservation areas. It was carried out in Mwaluganje Elephant Sanctuary (MES) in Kwale County, Kenya, using a descriptive survey design. Data was collected using researcher administered questionnaires and oral interviews. The results indicated that lack of coordination among stakeholders; inadequate financial resources, lack of conducive environment for tourism growth, and lack of skills/knowledge were major constraints to participation. The study concludes that to address both operational and structural constraints to community participation, the national and county governments should develop policies that compel investors to honour agreements with communities, assist communities to enter into fair collaborations with investors, and provide incentives to investors in tourism.

scholarly journals Constraints to Community Participation in Tourism in Kenya: The Mwaluganje Elephant Sanctuary

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-176
Author(s):  
Bonface O. Kihima ◽  
Paul M. Musila
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Design Data ◽  
County Governments ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
Conducive Environment

Community Based Tourism (CBT) is among several types of tourism that have been considered sustainable and beneficial to the host populations in conservation areas. The local community participation in tourism in conservation areas is supposed to be high and its members should benefit from the tourism process. However, having been presented with opportunity to improve their livelihoods, communities are constrained in various ways and generally fail to benefit from tourism development. This study was set to investigate constraints to community participation in conservation areas. It was carried out in Mwaluganje Elephant Sanctuary (MES) in Kwale County, Kenya, using a descriptive survey design. Data was collected using researcher administered questionnaires and oral interviews. The results indicated that lack of coordination among stakeholders; inadequate financial resources, lack of conducive environment for tourism growth, and lack of skills/knowledge were major constraints to participation. The study concludes that to address both operational and structural constraints to community participation, the national and county governments should develop policies that compel investors to honor agreements with communities, assist communities to enter into fair collaborations with investors, and provide incentives to investors in tourism.

scholarly journals Analysis of Tourism Market at Peripheral Areas in Badung, Bali

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
I. Made Adikampana
Keyword(s):  
High Education ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Tourist Village ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
Visitor Survey

Aims: This paper addressed the characteristics of the tourism market to provide consideration to the development of local community-based tourism products in peripheral areas in Badung, Bali, Indonesia. Study Design:  Survey. Place and Duration of Study: Pangsan Tourist Village. The study conducted between June and August 2019. Methodology: Data collected by a visitor survey. The questionnaire employed a structured question to respondents at one time. The questions are related to the characteristics of the respondents. Respondents are tourists visiting peripheral areas and determined by purposive sampling. The number of respondents was 100 tourists. Then the collected data analyzed descriptively to interpret the appropriate market for tourism products of peripheral areas. Results: Tourists in the peripheral areas in Badung dominated by foreign from Europe. More than 80% of tourists come from France, Holland, Germany, England, and Italy. These countries are the main markets. Apart, the source of the tourism market potentially arrives from Australia and China. On the demographic facet, the tourism market is dominated by adults. Jobs related are professionals, managerial, and civil servants who have a solid urban routine every day. In addition, most tourists have high education levels. These characteristics are coherent with tourism products in the peripheral areas. The results also represent that the market has an average night holiday is 20 nights. However, most of the leisure time spent visiting and staying in centers of tourism. These circumstances indicate the dominance of the tourism center and contribute to the lack of community participation in tourism development in the peripheral areas. Conclusion: To promote participation it is important to maintain the suitability between the products and the tourism market. Another consideration is increasing the quality and diversification of attractions; partnerships between tourism actors in peripheral areas with tourism centers; and attracting local and domestic tourists.

scholarly journals Mobile Loans as Financing Options in Kenya and the Financial Performance of SMEs in Low Income Areas in Nairobi County

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Margaret Murage
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Urban Informal Settlements ◽  
Descriptive Survey

This study sets out to examine the effect of loan accessibility on the financial performance of SMEs in urban informal settlements in Kenya. Based on the descriptive survey design, data were collected from 120 SMEs in the 6 wards of Mathare Sub-County using semi-structured questionnaires. It was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings show that all the loan accessibility had a significant and positive relationship with the financial performance of SMEs. In this regard, enhancing loan accessibility contributed to the financial performance of SMEs in urban areas. Financial inclusion among SMEs in urban areas was also enhanced through mobile loans. This could go on to enhance living standards among the inhabitants of urban informal settlements as envisaged by world bank. In this regard, several recommendations were made. Mobile loan providers should market their mobile loan products to make them visible since only 4, Safaricom-Fuliza, M-Shwari, Tala, and KCB-Mpesa were the most used. Civil society organizations in collaboration with mobile loan providers should also carry out capacity building campaigns among SMEs in informal settlements. This would lead to enhanced visibility and accessibility of these mobile loans among the inhabitants of urban informal settlements.

scholarly journals Mobile Loan Frequency of Repayment as a Predictor of the Financial Performance of SMEs in Urban Informal Settlements in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-113
Author(s):  
Margaret Murage
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Urban Informal Settlements ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
Intended Use

This study explored the effect of repayment timelines on the financial performance of SMEs in urban informal settlements in Kenya. This study adopts the descriptive survey design. Data were collected from 120 SMEs in the 6 wards of Mathare Sub-County. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires. It was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. From the study findings, it is evident that repayment timelines influenced the application for mobile loans. The ability to pay mobile loans without problems due to flexible repayment times also enhanced the performance of the respondents’ businesses. While loans with short repayment periods discouraged the businesses from borrowing due to immense pressure, long repayment periods were preferable since it meant that the stock purchased could be converted to cash. Budgeting could also be made easy due to the certainty of cash flow in long and flexible repayment periods. Lastly, a long repayment period meant that the intended use of the money borrowed could be realized. The study made the following recommendation based on the study objective. In this regard, most of the various mobile loan providers should put in place flexible repayment plans to make their loans appealing. They should also market their mobile loan products to make them visible since only 4, Safaricom-Fuliza, M-Shwari, Tala, and KCB-Mpesa were the most used. Civil society organizations in collaboration with mobile loan providers should also carry out capacity building campaigns among SMEs in informal settlements.

Community Based Cultural Tourism Development Setu Babakan, Jakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 485 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.Titi WIDANINGSIH ◽  
Rahtika DIANA ◽  
Arry RAHAYUNIANTO
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Community Based

The Setu Babakan tourism area has been designated as a Betawi cultural tourism area by the Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta in 2000. Setu Babakan has three tourism objects culture, nature and agro. It has been established as a cultural heritage for more than 15 years, but the level of tourist visits still low. This research will analyze factors of Community-Based Cultural Tourism Development in the Setu Babakan tourism area, both tourism object factors and community participation include several dimensions, (1) objects, (2) access, (3) facilities, (4) participation, (5) support, (6) benefits, (7) revenue. The study was conducted by distributing 81 questionnaires to surrounding community in the area. The results of the MDS analysis in dimensions of the attractions are in the good category of 80.57. Dimensions of access, infrastructure, community support for tourism development, public attitudes towards tourists are in the good categories of 84.64, 80.39, 81.87, and 75.62. Dimension of community participation and benefits perceived by the community is in the unfavorable category of 44.69% and 46.29. Community involvement needs to be increased so it can increase tourist visits. The sustainability of Setu Babakan as a cultural tourism area is maintained because the existence of it can really be felt by the local community.

scholarly journals Local community participation in rhino conservation - Key to conservation success.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
ADMIRE CHANYANDURA
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Financial Benefits ◽  
Rhino Poaching

A robust framework to guide community engagement in illegal wildlife trade is lacking. There is a need to reconnect local communities with their original wildlife, a connection which they have lost through the influence of colonialism and neo-colonialism. Virtually all conservation bodies and players believe that local communities are key to the success of rhino conservation but they are not equally walking their talk. Bottom-up community-based initiatives help to curb poaching especially level one poachers. The multifaceted problem of African rhino poaching on the continent is approaching calamitous proportions, with astounding, sobering statistics revealing the sheer extent of the illegal practice today. The interplay of rhino horn demand and supply side is fuelled by poverty, greed, superstition, corruption, social injustice, ruthlessness, and ignorance. Economic transformation benefiting wildlife and communities is key to save the rhinoceros species. Rhino properties should provide direct financial benefits to communities, building capacity and engage community members and private landowners in rhinoceros conservation. Rhino protection should be incentivized, continuously increasing the number of people benefiting from conservation, and decreasing animosity toward wildlife will motivate local people to fully embrace conservation efforts. Conservation efforts should first target level one poachers who are vulnerable and exposed, by developing a comprehensive profitable and lucrative community participation packages in all rhino properties. Conservationists should walk their talk and genuinely work with local communities to build support for rhino conservation through education, awareness, self-sustaining business ventures and employment.

scholarly journals Local community participation in wildlife conservation and management in Rungwa Game Reserve, Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Kileti V. Tarimo ◽  
Moses I. Olotu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Game Reserve ◽  
Conservation And Management

AbstractLocal community participation in wildlife conservation and management is known to have existed for many years. However, the socio-economic activities regarding community participation remain questionable. Incorporating the views of the local community in the process of decision-making and providing alternative livelihood solutions are important steps towards sustainable conservation. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of community participation in sustainable wildlife management in Rungwa Game Reserve. A survey was conducted of the households in Rungwa and Mwamagembe villages with a sample size of 98 respondents. The study used a cross-sectional research design. Data were collected from different respondents at a single point in time. The main research methods used for data collection included: questionnaire surveys, key informant interviews, field observations, focus group discussions and a review of documents. Descriptive data were summarised and presented in frequency tables and charts. Content analysis was also used to determine relationships between the variables measured. The findings revealed both positive and negative effects of wildlife conservation and management. The results revealed that local communities provided confidential information pertaining to illegal activities. The findings further indicated that there was a failure of the game reserve authorities to allow meaningful local participation and equitable sharing of the benefits, which could be attributed to hatred, resentment, and illegal harvesting of natural resources from the game reserve, resulting in poor wildlife conservation. This study recommends the encouragement and a strengthening of the involvement of local communities in wildlife conservation for the sustainable utilisation of natural resources.

Community Participation in Project Planning: A panacea to improved Performance of Community Water Supply Projects in Kericho County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-418
Author(s):  
Justus K. Korir ◽  
Dorothy N. Kyalo ◽  
John Mbugua
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Community Water ◽  
Activity Planning ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Descriptive Survey

This article sought to investigate the influence of community participation in project planning on the performance of community water supply projects in Kericho County, Kenya. The indicators used to assess this included community participation in; Scope planning, Activity planning and Resource planning. The study adopted descriptive survey design and correlation research design. The descriptive survey design was used to describe characteristics of the population being studied whilst a correlational research was used to describe the degree to which variables under the study were related. The target population comprised 8369 people from which a sample of 382 was considered and out of which 310 responded. The sample comprised of household heads, management committee members and sub-County water officers. The research instruments for this study were: questionnaires, focus group discussion and interview schedules. Stratified proportional sampling, random sampling and census techniques were used to collect primary qualitative and quantitative data. The data was compiled, given codes and input into SPSS version 25 computer program for statistical analysis and presentation. The study findings showed that community participation in scope planning (R=0.580, p=0.00<0.05, R2=0.334), activity planning (R=0.538, p=0.00<0.05, R2=0.288) and resource planning (R=0.511, p=0.00<0.05, R2=0.259) are significant explanatory variables with respect to project performance at 95% confidence level. Therefore, the study concluded that the community should be encouraged to actively participate more during the planning process in order to enhance the performance of their community water supply projects. In this regard, the study recommends that policies to facilitate the structured participation of the community could be enacted to guarantee participation and hence improve the performance of community water supply project.

scholarly journals EVALUASI DAN TINGKAT PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGELOLAAN KAWASAN KONSERVASI MANGROVE DI DESA MUNTE KECAMATAN TANALILI KABUPATEN LUWU UTARA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-66
Author(s):  
Amnaeni Amnaeni ◽  
Asbar Asbar ◽  
Danial Danial
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Ecosystem Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Average Value ◽  
High Level

Evaluation and level of community participation in the management of mangrove conservation areas in Munte Village, Tanalili District, North Luwu Regency. This study aimed to: 1) Evaluate the level of community participation in the management of mangrove; 2) Determine the direction of the mangrove ecosystem management strategy. In addition, it was expected to provide information to stakeholders as a material consideration in taking mangrove ecosystem management policies in Munte Village, Tanalili District, North Luwu Regency. The research method was done by using a questionnaire. The data on internal factors namely the characteristics of participants' dividends in the management of mangroves of the mangrove tourism area which was done by filling out questionnaires and interviews.The results Community participation in the 75% criterion had a high level of participation by showing that the average value of the linkert scale showed a positive range. 25% of criteria indicated a low level of participation with a negative range value, some people consider that mangroves had unimportant benefits for the farm. The management strategy based on the scale produced for the management of mangrove ecosystems in Munte, namely (1) Organizing training on mangrove management skills (ecotourism and nursery) to increase community income and (2) Making regulations to control the use of community-based mangroves and also violations mangrove management violations.

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