scholarly journals Local community participation in wildlife conservation and management in Rungwa Game Reserve, Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Kileti V. Tarimo ◽  
Moses I. Olotu

AbstractLocal community participation in wildlife conservation and management is known to have existed for many years. However, the socio-economic activities regarding community participation remain questionable. Incorporating the views of the local community in the process of decision-making and providing alternative livelihood solutions are important steps towards sustainable conservation. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of community participation in sustainable wildlife management in Rungwa Game Reserve. A survey was conducted of the households in Rungwa and Mwamagembe villages with a sample size of 98 respondents. The study used a cross-sectional research design. Data were collected from different respondents at a single point in time. The main research methods used for data collection included: questionnaire surveys, key informant interviews, field observations, focus group discussions and a review of documents. Descriptive data were summarised and presented in frequency tables and charts. Content analysis was also used to determine relationships between the variables measured. The findings revealed both positive and negative effects of wildlife conservation and management. The results revealed that local communities provided confidential information pertaining to illegal activities. The findings further indicated that there was a failure of the game reserve authorities to allow meaningful local participation and equitable sharing of the benefits, which could be attributed to hatred, resentment, and illegal harvesting of natural resources from the game reserve, resulting in poor wildlife conservation. This study recommends the encouragement and a strengthening of the involvement of local communities in wildlife conservation for the sustainable utilisation of natural resources.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Gloriose Umuziranenge

In this thesis I assessed whether and how the local communities participate in the daily activities regarding the park’s management through implementation of tourism revenue sharing and how it impacted local communities’ participation in conservation of Nyungwe National Park as well as the promotion of their well-being. The main research question of my thesis was the following: How do people perceive local community participation in natural resources management? The main research question of my thesis was: How do people perceive local community participation in natural resources management? It was split into five sub-questions: (1) How do local communities participate, and perceive their role in the conservation of the park?, (2) What are the benefits and opportunities do they get as neighbors of the Park through TRS?, (3) How do they participate in decision-making process?, (4) What are challenges do they face being neighbors of the park?, (5) What do local communities wish to minimize the challenges they face? My thesis was organized as a paper-based thesis. It includes in total five papers which were published in different scientific journals. In the research process, I used different methodologies according to the aim of each paper. The findings show that the Park’s management has improved the relationship between the local community and the Park by accommodating local needs such as infrastructures (schools, health centers, communal water tanks), income generating activities, increased awareness in terms of park’s protection through a tourism revenue sharing scheme that was introduced since 2005. According to the perceptions of the respondents, this study shows that the governance of the park is still dominated by a top-down approach through a distant representative democracy where the participation of the local community remains passive. This research indicates human-wildlife conflicts as one of the challenges faced by the local community. People perceive that more efforts should be dedicated on participation as an integrative and learning process where the local community should be empowered. Die kumulative Studie befasst sich mit der Frage nach der Beteiligung lokaler Gemeinden am Management der natürlichen Ressourcen durch den Nyungwe Nationalpark. Es wird bewertet, ob und wie die lokalen Gemeinden an den Aktivitäten des Managements der durch die Implementierung der touristischen Einnahmeaufteilung teilnehmen und danach gefragt wie dieses Vereinbarung die Beteiligung der lokalen Gemeinden an der Erhaltung des Nyungwe Nationalparks sowie ihr Wohlbefindens beeinflusst. Die zentrale Forschungsfrage, wie die Menschen die Beteiligung der lokalen Gemeinschaft am Management natürlicher Ressourcen wahrnehmen, ist in fünf Unterfragen aufgeteilt: (1) Wie partizipieren die lokalen Gemeinden und wie nehmen sie ihre Rolle bei der Erhaltung des Parks wahr?, (2) Welche Vorteile und Möglichkeiten erhalten sie als Nachbarn des Parks durch TRS?, (3) Wie nehmen sie am Entscheidungsprozess teil?, (4) Was sind die Herausforderungen, denen sie als Nachbarn des Parks gegenüberstehen?, (5) Was wünschen sich die lokalen Gemeinden, um die Herausforderungen, denen sie gegenüberstehen, zu minimieren? Meine Studie umfasst insgesamt fünf Arbeiten, die in verschiedenen Fachzeitschriften veröffentlicht wurden. Je nach Fragestellung wurden im Forschungsprozess verschiedene Methoden verwendet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das Management des Parks die Beziehung zwischen der lokalen Gemeinde und dem Park verbessert hat, indem es lokale Bedürfnisse wie Infrastruktur (Schulen, Gesundheitszentren, kommunale Wassertanks), einkommensschaffende Aktivitäten und ein erhöhtes Bewusstsein für den Schutz des Parks durch ein Programm zur Beteiligung an den Tourismuseinnahmen, das seit 2005 eingeführt wurde, berücksichtigt hat. Die in der Studie untersuchten Wahrnehmungen der befragten zeigt auch, dass die Verwaltung des Parks immer noch von einem Top-Down-Ansatz durch eine distanziert-repräsentative Demokratie dominiert wird, bei der die Beteiligung der lokalen Gemeinschaft passiv bleibt. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass Konflikte zwischen Mensch und Wildtieren eine der Herausforderungen sind, mit denen die lokale Gemeinschaft konfrontiert ist. Seitens der Befragten wird vorgeschlagen, mehr Initiativen für die Partizipation als integrativen und lernenden Prozess unternommen werden sollten, um dadurch die lokale Gemeinschaft zu stärken.


Koedoe ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.Y. Gaugris ◽  
W.S. Matthews ◽  
M.W. Van Rooyen ◽  
J. Du P. Bothma

The Tembe Elephant Park was proclaimed in 1983 after negotiations between the then KwaZulu Bureau of Natural Resources and the Tembe Tribal Authority in consultation with the local communities of northern Maputaland, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The park boundaries were subsequently fenced and animal numbers started to increase. The fence has kept the utilisation of renewable natural resources by the local communities at bay for the past 19 years. In this period, the vegetation of the park has been utilised only by the indigenous fauna, but it has been affected by management decisions and possibly also regional environmental changes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaishali Vasudeva ◽  
Pitchai Ramasamy ◽  
Rabi Sankar Pal ◽  
Gatikrishna Behera ◽  
Pradeep Raj Karat ◽  
...  

Local communities are an important stakeholder in any carnivore translocation programme and therefore, their acceptance of the translocation and support are essential to ensure its viability. Recent tiger augmentation efforts in Satkosia Tiger Reserve, India received mixed responses from the local communities, causing a stalemate in its progress. As a part of the adaptive management strategy, it was required to assess the concerns and issues to provide a practical solution. Hence, we analyzed the attitude of the people toward conservation in general and tiger specifically. We used structured questionnaire surveys and interviewed 1,932 households from 43 villages located in and around the reserve. We tested the influence of several variables representing four categories- (1) socio-economic, (2) ecosystem values and dependence, (3) relationship with the forest department and (4) losses and fear, on the attitude toward tiger conservation. The villages were clustered based on the responses received under these categories. While conserving forest was important to 91% of respondents, 71% of respondents supported wildlife conservation and only 35% felt important to conserve tiger. The logistic binary regression predicted that at the household level attitude toward tiger conservation is influenced positively by economic well-being, sense of forest ecosystem services, resource dependence and negatively influenced by restrictions from the forest department, and previous experience of loss due to wildlife. At the village level, literacy, resource dependence, access to clean cooking fuel and cooperation from the forest department predicted a positive attitude toward tiger conservation. Restriction from the forest department, fear for livestock, and experience of losses due to wildlife had a negative influence on attitude. We recommend that the villages in the landscape are prioritized based on their needs and accordingly, specific interventions are made to address their concerns. Future augmentation programme must give importance to intangible factors such as fear and perceived restrictions and opt for the involvement of the local community in the decision-making process.


Author(s):  
Tatang Rusata

Cianjur Regency has a tourist destination that attracts world tourists, namely the Gunung Padang megalithic site. As a cultural destination in the midst of the community, the development of this tourist destination faces human and environmental problems. The purpose of this study is to determine the development of tourism in Gunung Padang which involves the participation of local communities. Through a qualitative descriptive method this study analyzes the forms of community participation in developing tourism with aspects of environmental sustainability in the vicinity. The participation of the local community in the Karyamukti Village in developing the tourism site of Gunung Padang is done by forming a community of lovers of Gunung Padang which is an embryo for the formation of the Tourism Driving Group or Kompepar. It can be concluded that there are positive benefits felt by the local community in the form of opening opportunities to open businesses that can improve the economic level of encouraging people to be more active in doing business and developing tourism in the region. However, the benefits of high mining are still a pressure on environmental sustainability in the region.


Author(s):  
Msafiri Njoroge

When local communities are allowed to participate fully in tourism trade activities either through supplying goods and services or direct employment in the tourism sector-inclusiveness of tourism, trade can be realized in a practical sense. Research indicates that, in most tourist destinations in Africa, the tourism trade continues to be characterized by environmental and social-cultural degradation and inadequate local community participation associated with revenue leakages and weak economic linkages. The mechanism on how tourism trade contributes inclusively on local communities' benefits such as inclusive growth and poverty alleviation remains unclear. Despite destination economies engaging in services liberalization, little evidence exists on how such trade policies have been beneficial at enhancing inclusive benefits of the tourism trade. Therefore, this chapter aims to clarify how trade policies can be employed to promote the inclusiveness of the tourism trade.


BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e030524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Zakowska ◽  
Katarzyna Kosiek ◽  
Anna Kowalczyk ◽  
Jacek Grabowski ◽  
Maciek Godycki-Cwirko

IntroductionAnalyses of large sets of electronic health-related data (Big Data), including local community indicators, may improve knowledge of the outcomes of chronic diseases among patients and healthcare systems. Our study will estimate the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its exacerbations in elderly patients in the Lodz region, Poland; it will also evaluate local community factors potentially associated with disease exacerbations and rank local communities according to health and local community indicators.Methodsand analysisLocal community factors, including medical/health, socioeconomic and environmental values potentially associated with COPD exacerbations will be identified. A retrospective analysis of a cohort of about half a million people 65 years old and older, living in local communities of the Lodz region in 2016 will be performed. Relevant data will be extracted from databases, including those of the National Health Fund, Tax Office and National Statistics Centre. This cross-sectional study will include data for a 1 year period, from 1 January until 31 December 2016. The data will first be checked for quality, cleaned and analysed using data mining techniques, and then multilevel logistic regression will be used to discover the community determinants of COPD exacerbations.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been approved by the Bioethical Committee of Medical University of Lodz (RNN/248/18/KE, 10 July 2018). Our findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and reports.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Windi Guswirno Hedi ◽  
Syaiful Muazir ◽  
Valentinus Pebriano

Landak Regency has many natural resources that have the potential to be used as natural tourism objects. One of them is Dait Waterfall which has 7 floors and is located in an unspoiled forest area. The area is often visited by tourists from various regions of West Kalimantan. However, there are several problems related to supporting facilities and infrastructure that are not up to standard for tourism activities, so that the tourism potential is not maximized. For this reason, it is necessary to design a "Dait Waterfall Tourism Area in Landak Regency" which is in accordance with tourism standards and local environmental needs, with the concept of ecotourism that uses a sustainable environmental approach and empowerment of local communities. The arrangement is done by designing which starts from the function analysis process, which includes the main functions and supporting functions. The main functions include recreational aspects and supporting functions consisting of commercial functions, ecological functions and community participation functions. The design method consists of the introduction, definition, preparation, analysis, synthesis, evaluation and re-evaluation stages. The design process is applied in the construction of the main tourism facilities and infrastructure such as outbound areas, camping areas, selfie areas, and others. In addition, supporting facilities and infrastructure such as management areas, commercial areas, service areas, utility aspects, and others. With this design, it is hoped that the Dait Waterfall Tourism Area will attract more tourists from a wider variety of areas.


Author(s):  
Sayan Banerjee ◽  
Ambika Aiyadurai

Participation by local communities in wildlife conservation projects have long been advocated since it is socially just and is effective to reach conservation and development goals. Socio–economic variables that drive participation and impact of participation have been studied, but the contextual process that stir up local community participation remains understudied. In this paper, we studied factors facilitating community participation in three wildlife conservation projects in Northeast India. Through ethnographic fieldwork at these sites we identified conservation actors and examined interactions between them.We found common modes of participation at these sites and these were related to gaining material incentives, providing labour, attending consultative workshops. Levels of interaction and coercion were found to be different in three sites. Three critical factors that drive participation were: (1) trigger, (2) negotiation and (3) sustenance. Trigger factors kickstart participation through establishment of a crisis narrative and facilitation by external actors. Negotiation factors emerge from day–to–day interaction between local community and external actors and involve effective entry stage activities, income opportunity, mediating voices within the community and intra–community dynamics. Sustenance factors affect the long term participation by community in the conservation project and involve tangible/intangible results, capability development of locals, funding and availability to critical information. In our paper we argue that investment of time and fund to understand the stakeholders and their concept of participation, periodic feedback sessions, capacity development of locals for self–mobilization, innovative information dissemination and securing long term funding are necessary for effective local community participation.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
ADMIRE CHANYANDURA

A robust framework to guide community engagement in illegal wildlife trade is lacking. There is a need to reconnect local communities with their original wildlife, a connection which they have lost through the influence of colonialism and neo-colonialism. Virtually all conservation bodies and players believe that local communities are key to the success of rhino conservation but they are not equally walking their talk. Bottom-up community-based initiatives help to curb poaching especially level one poachers. The multifaceted problem of African rhino poaching on the continent is approaching calamitous proportions, with astounding, sobering statistics revealing the sheer extent of the illegal practice today. The interplay of rhino horn demand and supply side is fuelled by poverty, greed, superstition, corruption, social injustice, ruthlessness, and ignorance. Economic transformation benefiting wildlife and communities is key to save the rhinoceros species. Rhino properties should provide direct financial benefits to communities, building capacity and engage community members and private landowners in rhinoceros conservation. Rhino protection should be incentivized, continuously increasing the number of people benefiting from conservation, and decreasing animosity toward wildlife will motivate local people to fully embrace conservation efforts. Conservation efforts should first target level one poachers who are vulnerable and exposed, by developing a comprehensive profitable and lucrative community participation packages in all rhino properties. Conservationists should walk their talk and genuinely work with local communities to build support for rhino conservation through education, awareness, self-sustaining business ventures and employment.


Author(s):  
Wahyu Prihanta ◽  
Ach. Muhib Zainuri ◽  
Rahayu Hartini ◽  
Amir Syarifuddin ◽  
Tundung Subali Patma

Ecotourism is a form of tourism that is closely linked to the principle of conservation. Thus, ecotourism is right and beneficial in maintaining the integrity and authenticity of ecosystems in natural areas, particularly turtle conservation areas. Ecotourism is synergized to turtle conservation as it has such features: (1) Conservation, the use of biodiversity does not damage the natural source, also it does not cause negative impact whereas it is very environmentally friendly, (2) Education, by improving community’s awareness and changing their behavior about the need for conservation of living natural resources and their conservation, (3) Economy, ecotourism provides economic benefits and spur regional development; and (4) Active role of community, this is done by building partnership with local communities for the development of ecotourism. Based on the issues, “IbW Conservation and Ecotourism Ngadirojo  District Pacitan Region” was done by (1) Making a model of tourism activities that is environmentally, ecologically, socially, and economically beneficial to local communities and to the sustainability of natural resources, (2) Assessing the object of tourist attraction in flora and fauna conservation areas, in this case sea turtles and their ecosystems, so that can synergize with ecotourism activities, and (3) Making a model of local community-based tourist institution. The method implemented to achieve the objectives was “Community Empowerment through Ecotourism” which is described as follow: (1) Land Conservation, value and travel product, (2) Creation of an ecotourism atmosphere that all people who live in the area will gain the benefit, (3) The development of tourism activities that carry the excellence of the physical, economic, socio-cultural aspects of the local, (4) The solid image of ecotourism activities in the region that is supported by the readiness of all stakeholders, and (5) Integration of turtle theme conservation and ecotourism area with other supporting tourism products in the Regency. Pacitan Construction of facilities that have been carried out are: (1) developing the forest of eternity, (2) ecological restoration of coastal forests, (3) making sea water wells for turtle ponds, (4) nursery of coastal forest vegetation, (5) construction of marine biota ponds and sanitation facilities, (6) construction of shelters and gazebos, (7) construction of parking lot, and (8) widening of the ecotourism ring road. The next stage plans are: (1) ecotourism community empowerment, (2) strengthening the ecotourism area, and (3) revitalization of marine biota ponds.


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