scholarly journals Racial differences of colorectal cancer in a single institution in Northeast Louisiana primarily serving the underserved population

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-7
Author(s):  
B Devkota ◽  
ES Arnbrecht
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lead Author ◽  
Single Institution

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening has helped decrease the incidence of CRC in the last two decades. Still African Americans share a higher burden of CRC disease in the United States in comparison to Caucasians. Objective: To study racial differences of colorectal cancer in low income patients. Methods: Retrospective chart review of all admitted patients with a diagnosis of CRC was done by the lead author over a period of eight months. Results: This study, drawn from a poor, diverse population of Louisiana residents suggests socioeconomic factors may explain observed differences in CRC rates between African Americans and Caucasians. Conclusion: Large scale surveillance studies that address social determinants of CRC are needed to further explore this association. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v10i1.5998 HREN 2012; 10(1): 5-7

Factors Influencing Colorectal Cancer Screening in Low-Income African Americans in Tennessee

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kushal Patel ◽  
Margaret Hargreaves ◽  
Jianguo Liu ◽  
Donna Kenerson ◽  
Rachel Neal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Screening ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Factors Influencing

Abstract P029: Racial Differences in Sudden Cardiac Death: Findings From the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC)

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Zhao ◽  
Eliseo Guallar ◽  
Elena Blasco-Colmenares ◽  
Nona Sotoodehnia ◽  
Wendy Post
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
P Value ◽  
Expert Committee

Background: In hospital-based studies and in studies of participants with pre-existing conditions, African Americans have a higher risk of in- and out-of-hospital sudden cardiac death (SCD) compared with Whites. However, the risk of SCD of African Americans and Whites has never been compared in large-scale community-based cohort studies. Objective: To compare the risk of SCD among African Americans and Whites, and to evaluate the risk factors that may explain racial differences in incidence. Methods: Cohort study of 3,838 African Americans and 11,245 Whites participating in ARIC. Race was self-reported. SCD cases were defined as a sudden pulseless condition from a cardiac cause in a previously stable individual and adjudicated by an expert committee. Mediation effect of covariates was calculated using boot-strapping method. Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for demographics, social economic status, cardiovascular (CVD), and electrocardiographic risk factors. Results: The mean (SD) age was 53.6 (5.8) for African Americans and 54.4 (5.7) years for Whites. During 25.3 years of follow-up, 215 African Americans and 332 Whites experienced SCD. In multivariable-adjusted models, the HRs (95% CI) for SCD comparing African Americans and Whites were 1.70 (1.37, 2.10) overall, 2.00 (1.40, 2.84) in women, and 1.46 (1.10, 1.92) in men (p-value for race by sex interaction 0.02; Table ). CVD and electrocardiographic risk factors explained 36.6% (21.4, 51.8%) of the excess risk of SCD in African Americans, with a large proportion of racial differences unexplained. Conclusions: The risk of SCD in community-dwelling African Americans was significantly higher than in Whites, particularly among women. CVD risk factors, including higher prevalence of obesity, diabetes, hypertension and LV hypertrophy in African Americans, explained only a small fraction of this difference. Further research is needed to identify factors responsible for race differences in SCD and to implement prevention strategies in high-risk minorities.

Abstract 3060: Racial Disparities in Early Institution of “Do Not Resuscitate” Orders Influence Survival in Acute Ischemic Strokes.

Stroke ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratik Bhattacharya ◽  
Ambooj Tiwari ◽  
Sam Watson ◽  
Scott Millis ◽  
Seemant Chaturvedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
African American ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Racial Disparity ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Do Not Resuscitate ◽  
Dnr Orders

Background: The importance of early institution of “Do Not Resuscitate” (DNR) orders in determining outcomes from intracerebral hemorrhage is established. In the setting of acute ischemic stroke, African Americans tend to utilize critical care interventions more and palliative care options less than Caucasians. Recent epidemiological studies in acute ischemic stroke have shown a somewhat better survival for African Americans compared with Caucasians. Our hypothesis was that racial differences in early institution of DNR orders would influence mortality in acute ischemic stroke. Methods: a retrospective chart review was conducted on consecutive admissions for acute ischemic stroke across 10 hospitals in Michigan for the year 2006. Subjects with self reported race as African American or Caucasian were selected. Demographics, stroke risk factors, pre morbid status, DNR by day 2 of admission, stroke outcome and discharge destination were abstracted. Results: The study included 574 subjects (144 African American, 25.1%; 430 Caucasian, 74.9%). In-hospital mortality was significantly higher among Caucasians (8.6% vs. 1.4% amongst African Americans, p=0.003). More Caucasians had institution of DNR by day 2 than African Americans (22.5% vs. 4.3%, p<0.0001). When adjusted for racial differences in DNR by day 2 status, Caucasian race no longer predicted mortality. Caucasians were significantly older than African Americans (median age 76 vs. 63.5 years, p<0.0001); and age was a significant predictor of DNR by day 2 and mortality. In the adjusted analysis, however, age marginally influenced the racial disparity in mortality ( table ). Caucasians with coronary disease, atrial fibrillation, severe strokes and unable to walk prior to the stroke tend to be made DNR by day 2 more frequently. Only 27.1% of Caucasians with early DNR orders died in the hospital, whereas 20.8% were eventually discharged home. Conclusions: Early DNR orders result in a racial disparity in mortality from acute ischemic stroke. A substantial proportion of patients with early DNR orders eventually go home. Postponing the use of DNR orders may allow aggressive critical care interventions that may potentially mitigate the racial differences in mortality.

Abstract 491: Racial Disparities in the Trends of Acute Myocardial Infarction Outcomes Among Medicaid Patients, 2007-2011

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwole M Adegbala ◽  
Akintunde Akinjero ◽  
Samson Alliu ◽  
Adeyinka C Adejumo ◽  
Emmanuel Akintoye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial Groups

Background: Although, in-hospital mortality from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have declined in the United States recently, there is a gap in knowledge regarding racial differences in this trend. We sought to evaluate the effect of race on the trends in outcomes after Acute Myocardial Infarction among Medicaid patients in a nationwide cohort from 2007-2011 Methods: We extracted data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) for all hospitalizations between 2007 and 2011 for Medicaid patients aged 45 years or older with principal diagnosis of AMI using ICD-9-CM codes. Primary outcome of this study was all cause in-hospital mortality. We then stratified hospitalizations by racial groups; Whites, African Americans and Hispanics, and assessed the time trends of in-hospital mortality before and after multivariate analysis. Results: The overall mortality from AMI among Medicaid patients declined during the study period (8.80% in 2007 to 7.46% in 2011). In the adjusted models, compared to 2007, in-hospital mortality from AMI for Medicaid patients decreased across the 3 racial groups; Whites (aOR= 0.88, CI=0.70-0.99), African Americans (aOR=0.76, CI=0.57-1.01), Hispanics (aOR=0.87, CI=0.66-1.25). While the length of hospital stay declined significantly among African American and Hispanic with 2 days and 1.76 days decline respectively, the length of stay remained unchanged for Whites. There was non-significant increase in the incidence of stroke across the various racial groups; Whites (aOR= 1.23, CI=0.90 -1.69), African Americans (aOR=1.10, CI=0.73 -1.64), Hispanics (aOR=1.03, CI=0.68-1.55) when compared to 2007. Conclusion: In this study, we found that in-hospital mortality from AMI among Medicaid patients have declined across the racial groups. However, while the length of stay following AMI declined for African Americans and Hispanics with Medicaid insurance, it has remained unchanged for Whites. Future studies are necessary to identify determinants of these significant racial disparities in outcomes for AMI.

Theorizing Gentrification as a Process of Racial Capitalism

2021 ◽  
pp. 153568412110547
Author(s):  
Zawadi Rucks-Ahidiana
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial Composition ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Racial Capitalism ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Prior Literature

Academics largely define gentrification based on changes in the class demographics of neighborhood residents from predominately low-income to middle-class. This ignores that gentrification always occurs in spaces defined by both class and race. In this article, I use the lens of racial capitalism to theorize gentrification as a racialized, profit-accumulating process, integrating the perspective that spaces are always racialized to class-centered theories. Using the prior literature on gentrification in the United States, I demonstrate how the concepts of value, valuation, and devaluation from racial capitalism explain where and how gentrification unfolds. Exposure to gentrification varies depending on a neighborhood’s racial composition and the gentrification stakeholders involved, which contributes to racial differences in the scale and pace of change and the implications of those changes for the processes of displacement. Revising our understanding of gentrification to address the racialization of space helps resolve seemingly contradictory findings across qualitative and quantitative studies.

SELF-REPORTED ALLERGY TO THYROID REPLACEMENT THERAPY: A MULTICENTER RETROSPECTIVE CHART REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 761-767
Author(s):  
Natalia Chamorro-Pareja ◽  
Ismael Carrillo-Martin ◽  
Daniela A. Haehn ◽  
Sydney A. Westphal ◽  
Miguel A. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reaction ◽  
Drug Reaction ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Drug Hypersensitivity ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Autoimmune Hypothyroidism ◽  
Drug Hypersensitivity Reaction

Objective: To determine patterns of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), including immediate drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) and predictable ADRs, to thyroid replacement therapy (TRT). TRT is the treatment of choice for hypothyroidism. Levothyroxine (LT4) is among the most commonly prescribed medications in the United States, with over 70 million prescriptions annually. Documented immediate DHRs to TRT are rare, with only a few case reports. Methods: An 11-year (2008–2018) retrospective medical chart review of identified patients with self-reported allergy to TRT. ADRs to TRT were divided into immediate DHRs and predictable ADRs. Results: A total of 466 patients were included in our study. We found an overall incidence of ADRs to TRT of 0.3%. Median age was 61.2 years; 85.8% were women, and 94.4% were Caucasian. The principal indication for TRT was autoimmune hypothyroidism (73.6%), followed by postsurgical hypothyroidism (17.4%) and subclinical hypothyroidism (6.7%). Predictable ADR manifestations to TRT were reported more commonly than DHR manifestations (57.5% vs. 42.5%, respectively). The most frequently reported of the former were palpitations (16.4%), nausea/vomiting (9.3%), and tremor (6.3%), while rash (23.8%), hives (9.5%), and pruritus (7.1%) were the most common regarding the latter. Fifty-six percent of the patients with an ADR to TRT tolerated an alternative TRT presentation. Conclusion: In our cohort, the majority of self-reported allergies to TRT were due to predictable ADRs rather than an immediate DHR. Abbreviations: ADR = adverse drug reaction; DHR = drug hypersensitivity reaction; FDA = Food and Drug Administration; LT3 = liothyronine; LT4 = levothyroxine; SCAR = severe cutaneous adverse drug reaction; TRT = thyroid replacement therapy

scholarly journals Characterizing Posterior Neck Masses: A Single-Institution Retrospective and Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
pp. 014556131988184
Author(s):  
William J. Moss ◽  
Andrey Finegersh ◽  
Ajay Narayanan ◽  
Danielle Gillard ◽  
Joseph Califano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Neck Mass ◽  
Single Institution ◽  
Neck Masses ◽  
Risk Of Malignancy ◽  
Posterior Neck ◽  
The Masses

Objective: Posterior neck masses are a relatively poorly characterized entity. The authors attempt to further characterize the anatomy and pathology of the posterior neck by way of a combined single-institution retrospective chart review and systematic review of the literature. Methods: A single-institution retrospective chart review was undertaken for all patients undergoing excision of a posterior neck mass between January 1, 2012, and January 1, 2017. A systematic review of the Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane database was undertaken in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines in search of case reports and series describing posterior neck masses. Results: A total of 28 patients who underwent excision of a posterior neck mass were encountered during the retrospective chart review. All pathologies were benign, the most prevalent of which was lipoma (22/28, 79%). A total of 19 articles describing a collective 36 posterior neck masses were encountered during the systematic review. Lipomas were the most common pathology (15/36, 42%). All but one of the masses reported were benign (35/36, 97%). Conclusions: Patients presenting with posterior neck masses can be reassured of a low risk of malignancy. The majority of posterior neck masses can be appropriately evaluated via physical examination and ultrasound.

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