scholarly journals Conservation of Protected Areas in Federal System, How?

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 161-166
Author(s):  
Santosh Mani Nepal
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Federal System ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Conservation History

The formal conservation history of Nepal is relatively shorter one. The protection and conservation of National Parks, Wildlife Reserves, Conservation Areas and Buffer Zone are creating a burning debate amongst all stakeholders along with the debate of the state restructuring. The federal system of Nepal is quite different compare to other countries. All the rational designed in the face of unitary governance system needs a redefinition now. We have to create a suitable road-map for the division power among different levels of governments using the general orientation of international conservation framework. Constitutional provision should be designed in such a way that there should be little political intervention on natural resources. Mostly the National Parks and Wildlife Reserves are listed under the jurisdiction of federal government in federal countries. Environment has been a matter of concurrent power among many other federal countries. In Nepal, there is a growing consensus in favor of federal responsibility for the large infrastructures based on their inter-provincial importance, impact and extent. National Parks, Wildlife Reserves, Buffer Zones and Conservation Areas should be matter of concurrent authority where the federal government makes a framework policy but works in collaboration with the provincial government and local communities when it comes of implementing it. This will be the only way where by federal government could comply with the international commitments. Similarly, provincial government can implement the conservation functions with the support of local communities, indigenous people and groups dependent on the natural resource. The framework for such mechanism should be designed through an extensive consultation with the key stakeholders during the formulation of legislation and bylaws following the promulgation of the new constitution.The full text of the article is in Nepali. DOI: 10.3126/init.v3i0.2518 The Initiation Vol.3 2009 p.161-166

scholarly journals Implementation of the Concept of Conservation Ar ea Buffer Zone in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
S Nadhira ◽  
◽  
S Basuni
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Study Results

Conservation area buffer zones are recognized to provide ecological, social, and economic benefits in supporting conservation areas' integrity. Nevertheless, little is known hitherto about the development dynamics of conservation area buffer zones in Indonesia. Therefore, a study concerning theory, policy, and management of the conservation area buffer zones in Indonesia is necessary to analyze its performance, identify problems in its implementation, and formulate its evidence-based development policy. This study aims to identify and analyze issues in implementing the concept of conservation area buffer zone as well as recommend policy formulation to accelerate the development of conservation area buffer zones in Indonesia. This study is an exploratory research through a literature review with semi-systematic approach. It finds that there are only nine out of 530 (1.7%) conservation areas in Indonesia with a formally established buffer zone. This condition is mainly due to the absence of buffer zone institutions at the regional government levels. Meanwhile, the management of supposedly buffer zones has been conducted through various projects for strengthening the functions of buffer zones by conservation area managers, either in the form of land-based or non-land-based projects. This study results in recommendations for all interested parties to urge the Ministry of Environment and Forestry and the Ministry of Home Affairs to promulgate and renew the regulations concerning the procedures of establishing and managing conservation area buffer zones. Moreover, regarding the institutional aspect, there is a need for a particular structure in both ministries to address community empowerment issues at the site level.

scholarly journals Landscape Level Efforts to Biodiversity Conservation in Nepal: A Review of Current Approach and Lessons Learned

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Pramod Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Conservation History ◽  
Landscape Level

Nepal’s location in the centre of the Himalayan range places the country in the transitional zone between the eastern and western Himalayas. Nepal’s rich biodiversity is a reflection of this unique geographical position as well as its altitudinal and climatic variations. It is recorded that Nepal has a total of 118 types of ecosystem, 75 vegetation and 35 types of forests. Nepal has put utmost efforts to conserve its rich biodiversity resources. The conservation history began formally after promulgation of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act in 1973. National parks and wildlife reserves were established across the country during the 1970s. However, very soon not only some of the adversities were faced by the local people living around the parks and reserves but also the space constraint was realized for the population distribution and dynamics. By realizing the need of people’s participation in the conservation initiatives, country has tested the concept of different types of protected areas system such as national park, wildlife reserve, conservation areas, and buffer zones over the years. Taking the advantage of new progresses in conservation biology, Nepal adopted landscape level approach to biodiversity conservation and implemented such approaches in some of the key areas since 2000s. This paper discusses Nepal’s effort in implementing landscape level approach to biodiversity conservation and the lessons learned at national context.

scholarly journals Comments on national parks and future relations with neighbouring communities

Koedoe ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fourie
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Affirmative Action ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Community Relations ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Joint Decision ◽  
Conservation History ◽  
Action Programme

Considering the success of South Africa's conservation history, the question is asked why this achievement has failed to impress the major portion of the South African population. Reasons for this failure are discussed and in order to rectify the situation, key strategies of the National Parks Board for addressing the problem are dealt with. The process of stereotyping and the role that it played in establishing an unequal experience of the conservation history is investigated. This is followed by arguments why conservation agencies should get involved in the development of rural communities. The ability of conservation areas to act as engines of development in rural areas is highlighted. The conclusion is drawn that neighbouring communities need to be involved in joint decision-making and shared responsibility, and it is suggested that this process should be handled in a dialogic way. Lastly a broad view of affirmative action is advanced, which will allow for meaningful integration of community relations with an affirmative action programme. Proposals are made for an affirmative action programme for the National Parks Board.

scholarly journals Buffer Zone Community Forestry in Nepal: Examining Tenure and Management Outcomes

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudeep Jana Thing ◽  
Buddi S Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Community Forestry ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Local Livelihoods ◽  
Policy Guideline ◽  
Increasing Demand

This paper examines the transfer of management rights over forests and natural resources and exercise of such rights by various sections of local communities in Protected Area (PA) buffer zones in Nepal. The study is based on an extensive review of government policy documents, available published and grey materials. The paper has also been drawn from the long experiences of the authors working in PAs and buffer zones in various parts of the country. We found that Buffer Zone Community Forests (BZCFs) have so far made significant contribution to biodiversity conservation, local livelihoods and institutional building in buffer zones. However, we also found a range of critical challenges in realising clear, comprehensive and secure rights by the local communities. Effective functioning of buffer zone community forestry is undermined by ever-increasing demand of forest products, lack of needed management autonomy and support from the PA management authorities, absence of clear policy guideline, increasing human-wildlife conflict and persistence of social exclusion of women, poor and marginalised. We argue that a better understanding and attention to address tenure related challenges in BZCFs would aid both conservation and local livelihoods and thereby enhance socio-ecological resilience of buffer zone communities.

scholarly journals A Healthy Park Needs Healthy Vegetation: The Story of Gorongosa National Park in the 21st Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Herrero ◽  
Peter Waylen ◽  
Jane Southworth ◽  
Reza Khatami ◽  
Di Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
National Park ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Directional Change ◽  
Ndvi Time Series

Understanding trends or changes in biomass and biodiversity around conservation areas in Africa is important and has economic and societal impacts on the surrounding communities. Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique was established under unique conditions due to its complex history. In this study, we used a time-series of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to explore seasonal trends in biomass between 2000 and 2016. In addition, vegetation directional persistence was created. This product is derived from the seasonal NDVI time series-based analysis and represents the accumulation of directional change in NDVI relative to a fixed benchmark (2000–2004). Trends in precipitation from Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) was explored from 2000–2016. Different vegetation covers are also considered across various landscapes, including a comparison between the Lower Gorongosa (savanna), Mount Gorongosa (rainforest), and surrounding buffer zones. Important findings include a decline in precipitation over the time of study, which most likely drives the observed decrease in NDVI. In terms of vegetation persistence, Lower Gorongosa had stronger positive trends than the buffer zone, and Mount Gorongosa had higher negative persistence overall. Directional persistence also varied by vegetation type. These are valuable findings for park managers and conservationists across the world.

scholarly journals Buffer Zone Management System in Protected Areas of Nepal

2014 ◽  
pp. 34-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narayan Prasad Bhusal
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Management Programme ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Internal Resources ◽  
Zone Management

Maintenance of eco-system diversity is often carried out by establishing national parks, wildlife reserves and other protected areas. The fourth amendment of the National Park and Wildlife Conservation Act in 1992 made the provision of buffer zone for protected areas considering buffer zone, an area of 2km in the vicinity of the park could benefit from park revenue (30-50 percent) and in return the community is supposed to participate and assist in park management activities. Between 1996 and 2010 Government of Nepal demarcated buffer zones of 12 protected areas covering a total area of 5602.67 square kilometer in 83 VDCs and two Municipalities of 27 districts where benefiting human population is over 0.9 million. In the buffer zone management programme emphasis has been given on the natural resource management where need of eco-friendly land use practices and peoples participation in conservation for long term sustainability are encouraged. This paper is an attempt to outline the various activities that have been executed under buffer zone management programme of Department of National Park and Wildlife Conservation with the internal resources, local communities and support from UNDP, WWF Nepal, CARE Nepal, NTNC and other various partners for the conservation and development of buffer zones in Nepal.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ttp.v11i0.11558The Third PoleVol. 11-12, 2012Page : 34-44

scholarly journals Traditional forest-related knowledge and agrobiodiversity preservation: the case of the chagras in the Indigenous Reserve of Monochoa (Colombia)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Alejandra Hernandez Marentes ◽  
Martina Venturi ◽  
Silvia Scaramuzzi ◽  
Marco Focacci ◽  
Antonio Santoro
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Wild Fruits ◽  
Deep Relationship

AbstractChagras are complex agroforestry systems developed by indigenous populations of the Amazon region based on shifting agriculture, as part of a system that includes harvesting of wild fruits and plants, hunting and fishing. During the centuries, thanks to their traditional knowledge, indigenous populations have developed a deep relationship with the surrounding environment, as, living in remote places, they must be self-sufficient. The result is the chagra, a system whose cycle is based on seven basic steps to establish a successful and sustainable system, starting from place selection and ending with the abandonment of the plot after harvesting of the products. After the abandonment, the forest starts to grow again to allow the agroecosystem to recover and to take advantage of the residual vegetal material to avoid erosion. The paper takes into consideration the Indigenous Reserve of Monochoa in Colombia as an example of how traditional knowledge can support a rich biodiversity conservation. Moreover, differently from other parts of the world where there is a growing contrast between indigenous communities and protected areas, in the Indigenous Reserve of Monochoa local communities have been recognized as the owners of the land. Results highlighted the crucial role of the indigenous communities for biodiversity conservation. The preservation and adaptation of traditional knowledge and practices, a decentralized autonomous governance system demonstrates that local communities not only can be part of ecosystems with unique biodiversity, but that they can represent the main actors for an active conservation of biodiversity. Agroforestry systems based on traditional forest-related knowledge can therefore be an effective alternative to biodiversity and ecosystem services conservation based on strict nature protection where humans are perceived as a negative factor.

Alberta's economic woes have political consequences

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Structural Unemployment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Remaining Oil ◽  
Keystone Xl

Significance With steep reductions in public spending affecting education and social programmes, the budget signals an era of austerity in what had been Canada’s wealthiest province. One consequence is likely to be greater tension between the provincial government and the federal government in Ottawa. Impacts Major international funds will continue to divest from the oil sands sector, further depressing output as subsidies are cut. Remaining oil sands production will be increasingly automated, meaning that structural unemployment will persist. Ottawa’s refusal to contest US cancellation of the Keystone XL pipeline has raised tensions with the UCP government in Edmonton. The national broad-based economic recovery expected this year will largely bypass Alberta.

Lomami Buffer Zone (DRC): Forest composition, structure, and the sustainability of its use by local communities

Biotropica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigue Batumike ◽  
Gérard Imani ◽  
Benjamin Bisimwa ◽  
Hwaba Mambo ◽  
John Kalume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Composition Structure

scholarly journals Analysis of private natural heritage reserves as a conservation strategy for the biodiversity of the cocoa region of the southern State of Bahia, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Schiavetti ◽  
Haydee Torres de Oliveira ◽  
Alene da Silva Lins ◽  
Pablo Santana Santos
Keyword(s):  
Forest Succession ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Coastal Forest ◽  
Coastal Forests ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Southern State ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
Environmental Agencies

Brazil was the first country in Latin America to establish and regulate this type of reserve, and there are currently more than 700 Private Nature Heritage Reserves (RPPN in Portuguese) officially recognized by either federal or state environmental agencies. Together, these RPPN protect more than a half million hectares of land in the country. The coastal forests in the southern part of Bahia State extend 100 to 200 km inland, gradually changing in physiognomy as they occupy the dryer inland areas. The coastal forest has been subjected to intense deforestation, and currently occupies less than 10% of its original area. For this work the creation processes of the RPPN were consulted to obtain the data creation time, size of property, the condition of the remaining forest, succession chain and the last paid tax. After that, interviews with the owners were made to confirm this data. Sixteen RPPN have been established in this region until 2005. Their sizes vary from 4.7 to 800 ha. Ten of these RPPN are located within state or federal conservation areas or their buffer zones. In spite of the numerous national and international conservation strategies and environmental policies focused on the region, the present situation of the cocoa zone is threatening the conservation of the region's natural resources. The establishment of private reserves in the cocoa region could conceivably improve these conservation efforts. This type of reserve can be established under a uniform system supported by federal legislation, and could count on private organizations.

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