Analysis of private natural heritage reserves as a conservation strategy for the biodiversity of the cocoa region of the southern State of Bahia, Brazil

Brazil was the first country in Latin America to establish and regulate this type of reserve, and there are currently more than 700 Private Nature Heritage Reserves (RPPN in Portuguese) officially recognized by either federal or state environmental agencies. Together, these RPPN protect more than a half million hectares of land in the country. The coastal forests in the southern part of Bahia State extend 100 to 200 km inland, gradually changing in physiognomy as they occupy the dryer inland areas. The coastal forest has been subjected to intense deforestation, and currently occupies less than 10% of its original area. For this work the creation processes of the RPPN were consulted to obtain the data creation time, size of property, the condition of the remaining forest, succession chain and the last paid tax. After that, interviews with the owners were made to confirm this data. Sixteen RPPN have been established in this region until 2005. Their sizes vary from 4.7 to 800 ha. Ten of these RPPN are located within state or federal conservation areas or their buffer zones. In spite of the numerous national and international conservation strategies and environmental policies focused on the region, the present situation of the cocoa zone is threatening the conservation of the region's natural resources. The establishment of private reserves in the cocoa region could conceivably improve these conservation efforts. This type of reserve can be established under a uniform system supported by federal legislation, and could count on private organizations.

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Using remote sensing to assess tsunami-induced impacts on coastal forest ecosystems at the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand

Natural Hazards and Earth System Science ◽

10.5194/nhess-10-729-2010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 729-745 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

H. Roemer ◽

G. Kaiser ◽

H. Sterr ◽

R. Ludwig

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Ground Truth ◽

Andaman Sea ◽

Coastal Forest ◽

Coastal Forests ◽

Change Detection Algorithms ◽

Damage Maps ◽

2004 Tsunami ◽

Sea Coast

Abstract. The December 2004 tsunami strongly impacted coastal ecosystems along the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand. In this paper tsunami-induced damage of five different coastal forest ecosystems at the Phang-Nga province coast is analysed with a remote sensing driven approach based on multi-date IKONOS imagery. Two change detection algorithms, change vector analysis (CVA) and direct multi-date classification (DMC), are applied and compared regarding their applicability to assess tsunami impacts. The analysis shows that DMC outperforms CVA in terms of accuracy (Kappa values for DMC ranging between 0.947 and 0.950 and between 0.610–0.730 for CVA respectively) and the degree of detail of the created change classes. Results from DMC show that mangroves were the worst damaged among the five forests, with a 55% of directly damaged forest in the study area, followed by casuarina forest and coconut plantation. Additionally this study points out the uncertainties in both methods which are mainly due to a lack of ground truth information for the time between the two acquisition dates of satellite images. The created damage maps help to better understand the way the tsunami impacted coastal forests and give basic information for estimating tsunami sensitivity of coastal forests.

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Traditional Biodiversity Conservation Strategy As A Complement to the Existing Scientific Biodiversity Conservation Models in Ghana

Environment and Natural Resources Research ◽

10.5539/enrr.v8n3p1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Dickson Adom

Keyword(s):

Biodiversity Conservation ◽

Traditional Knowledge ◽

Phenomenological Study ◽

Belief Systems ◽

Knowledge Systems ◽

Scientific Models ◽

Conservation Strategy ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Biodiversity Management ◽

Clear Cut

Biodiversity management in Ghana has been largely driven by scientific conservation models. The time-tested and useful traditional conservation ethos in the Ghanaian cultural and artistic elements such as festivals, proverbs, cosmological belief systems and taboos are often watered down by conservationists in biodiversity conservation schemes. This is due to conservationists’ lack of clear-cut guidelines on how to effectively utilize the traditional knowledge systems in complementing the scientific conservation models they are well versed. The developed traditional biodiversity strategy was based on the findings from a robust phenomenological study conducted among purposively and randomly sampled key stakeholders in biodiversity management in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The document aims at offering comprehensive information and guidelines to conservationists on effective ways of implementing traditional knowledge systems in biodiversity conservation issues in Ghana. It ultimately aims at filling the dearth in traditional knowledge systems that have been an age-long problem for the conservation ministries and agencies in Ghana. The informative directions in the developed traditional biodiversity strategy would offer another lens to addressing conservation issues in Ghana while acting as a viable complement to the scientific models. This would ultimately maximize and enrich the conservation strategies for managing Ghana’s biodiversity.

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Nutrient Availability for Lactuca sativa Cultivated in an Amended Peatland: An Ionic Exchange Study

Nitrogen ◽

10.3390/nitrogen3010002 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 26-42

Author(s):

Jacynthe Dessureault-Rompré ◽

Alexis Gloutney ◽

Jean Caron

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Availability ◽

Lactuca Sativa ◽

Root Zone ◽

Plant Root ◽

N Uptake ◽

Growth Cycle ◽

Conservation Strategy ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Ionic Exchange ◽

Vegetable Crops

Few conservation strategies have been applied to cultivated peatland. This field study over one growth cycle of Lactuca sativa examined the effect of plant-based, high-C/N-ratio amendments in a real farming situation on peatland. Plant Root Simulator (PRS®) probes were used directly in the field to assess the impacts of incorporating Miscanthus x giganteus straw and Salix miyabeana chips on nutrient availability for lettuce. The results showed that lettuce yield decreased by 35% in the miscanthus straw treatment and by 14% in the willow chip treatment. In addition, the nitrogen flux rate was severely reduced during crop growth (75% reduction) and the plant N uptake index was much lower in the amended treatments than in the control. The phosphorus supply rate was also significantly lower (24% reduction) in the willow treatment. The influence of sampling zone was significant as well, with most macro-nutrients being depleted in the root zone and most micro-nutrients being mobilized. Additional work is needed to optimize the proposed conservation strategy and investigate the effects of consecutive years of soil amendment on different vegetable crops and in different types of cultivated peatlands to confirm and generalize the findings of this study. Future field studies should also explore the long-term carbon dynamics under plant-based, high-C/N-ratio amendments to determine if they can offset annual C losses.

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Expert knowledge assessment of threats and conservation strategies for breeding Hen Harrier and Short-eared Owl across Europe

Bird Conservation International ◽

10.1017/s0959270920000349 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

DARÍO FERNÁNDEZ-BELLON ◽

JOHN LUSBY ◽

JULES BOS ◽

TONIO SCHAUB ◽

ALAN MCCARTHY ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protected Areas ◽

Habitat Management ◽

Expert Knowledge ◽

Prey Availability ◽

Active Management ◽

Conservation Strategy ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Conservation Threats ◽

The Impact ◽

Hen Harrier

Summary Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus and Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus are open-country birds of prey with overlapping distributions. Although both species face similar conservation threats across their ranges, work to date has largely been undertaken at a national scale with few attempts to collate and assess factors relevant to their conservation at an international scale. Here we use an expert knowledge approach to evaluate the impact of conservation threats and the effectiveness of conservation strategies for each species across Europe. We report results of responses to a questionnaire from 23 Hen Harrier experts from nine countries and 12 Short-eared Owl experts from six countries. The majority of responses for both species reported declines in breeding numbers. The perceived impact of threats was broadly similar for both species: ecological factors (predation, extreme weather and prey availability), changes in land use (habitat loss and agricultural intensification) and indirect persecution (accidental nest destruction) were considered to be the greatest threats to breeding Hen Harrier and Short-eared Owl. Short-eared Owl experts also highlighted lack of knowledge and difficulties associated with monitoring as a major conservation challenge. Despite broad-scale similarities, geographical variation was also apparent in the perceived importance of conservation threats, with some threats (such as direct persecution, large-scale afforestation or habitat degradation) requiring country-specific actions. Implementation of different conservation strategies also varied between countries, with the designation of protected areas reported as the most widespread conservation strategy adopted, followed by species and habitat management. However, protected areas (including species-specific protected areas) were perceived to be less effective than active management of species and habitats. These findings highlight the overlap between the conservation requirements of these two species, and the need for collaborative international research and conservation approaches that prioritise pro-active conservation strategies subject to continued assessment and with specific conservation goals.

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Genetic Diversity and Population Divergence of a Rare, Endemic Grass (Elymus breviaristatus) in the Southeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11205863 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (20) ◽

pp. 5863 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Qingqing Yu ◽

Qian Liu ◽

Yi Xiong ◽

Yanli Xiong ◽

Zhixiao Dong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Tibetan Plateau ◽

Isolation By Distance ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Conservation Strategy ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Grass Species ◽

Population Divergence ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Widespread Species

Elymus breviaristatus is a grass species only distributed in the southeast of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), which has suffered from serious habitat fragmentation. Therefore, understanding patterns of genetic diversity within and among natural E. breviaristatus populations could provide insight for future conservation strategies. In this study, sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers were employed to investigate the genetic diversity and hierarchical structure of seven E. breviaristatus populations from QTP, China. Multiple measures of genetic diversity indicated that there is low to moderate genetic variation within E. breviaristatus populations, consistent with its presumed mating system. In spite of its rarity, E. breviaristatus presented high genetic diversity that was equivalent to or even higher than that of widespread species. Bayesian clustering approaches, along with clustering analysis and principal coordinate analysis partitioned the studied populations of E. breviaristatus into five genetic clusters. Differentiation coefficients (Fst, GST, etc.) and AMOVA analysis revealed considerable genetic divergence among different populations. BARRIER analyses indicated that there were two potential barriers to gene flow among the E. breviaristatus populations. Despite these patterns of differentiation, genetic distances between populations were independent of geographic distances (r = 0.2197, p = 0.2534), indicating little isolation by distance. Moreover, despite detecting a common outlier by two methods, bioclimatic factors (altitude, annual mean temperature, and annual mean precipitation) were not related to diversity parameters, indicating little evidence for isolation caused by the environment. These patterns of diversity within and between populations are used to propose a conservation strategy for E. breviaristatus.

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Current Southern State Programs for Control of Forestry Nonpoint Source Pollution

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/14.2.64 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 64-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Peter M. Lickwar ◽

Frederick W. Cubbage ◽

Clifford A. Hickman

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

North Carolina ◽

Pollution Control ◽

State Agencies ◽

Cost Share ◽

Southern State ◽

Control Programs ◽

Water Quality Protection ◽

State Programs ◽

Environmental Agencies

Abstract Southern state forestry and lead environmental agencies were surveyed regarding their 1987 silvicultural nonpoint pollution control programs. Most states had voluntary control systems and employed educational programs to meet pollution control objectives. North Carolina and Virginia provided modest cost-share funds for water quality protection on forested lands, and Florida had an extensive quasiregulatory approach to water quality protection. In total, southern state agencies employed 24 full-year equivalent personnel and spent about $935,000 to administer forestry-related water quality protection programs. South. J. Appl. For. 14(2):64-69.

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A flagship for Austral temperate forest conservation: an action plan for Darwin's frogs brings key stakeholders together

Oryx ◽

10.1017/s0030605319001236 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Claudio Azat ◽

Andrés Valenzuela-Sánchez ◽

Soledad Delgado ◽

Andrew A. Cunningham ◽

Mario Alvarado-Rybak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Planning Process ◽

Action Plan ◽

Iucn Red List ◽

Conservation Strategy ◽

Amphibian Conservation ◽

Non Profit ◽

Private Organizations ◽

Key Stakeholders ◽

Conservation Actions

Abstract Darwin's frogs Rhinoderma darwinii and Rhinoderma rufum are the only known species of amphibians in which males brood their offspring in their vocal sacs. We propose these frogs as flagship species for the conservation of the Austral temperate forests of Chile and Argentina. This recommendation forms part of the vision of the Binational Conservation Strategy for Darwin's Frogs, which was launched in 2018. The strategy is a conservation initiative led by the IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, which in 2017 convened 30 governmental, non-profit and private organizations from Chile, Argentina and elsewhere. Darwin's frogs are iconic examples of the global amphibian conservation crisis: R. rufum is categorized as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) on the IUCN Red List, and R. darwinii as Endangered. Here we articulate the conservation planning process that led to the development of the conservation strategy for these species and present its main findings and recommendations. Using an evidence-based approach, the Binational Conservation Strategy for Darwin's Frogs contains a comprehensive status review of Rhinoderma spp., including critical threat analyses, and proposes 39 prioritized conservation actions. Its goal is that by 2028, key information gaps on Rhinoderma spp. will be filled, the main threats to these species will be reduced, and financial, legal and societal support will have been achieved. The strategy is a multi-disciplinary, transnational endeavour aimed at ensuring the long-term viability of these unique frogs and their particular habitat.

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Formation forest fitotsenozov Volga River right banks

Vestnik of Kazan state agrarin university ◽

10.12737/3833 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 149-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ульданова ◽

Railya Uldanova

Keyword(s):

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Jaccard Coefficient ◽

Coastal Forest ◽

Coastal Forests ◽

Natural Habitats ◽

Volga River ◽

Floristic Similarity ◽

Α Diversity ◽

Mixed Grass

The coastal forests, presented by valuable deciduous and coniferous forests, grow in the northeastern and eastern parts of the Volga region of the Republic of Tatarstan, skirting the high right bank of the Volga River. They contribute to the maintenance of biological diversity in nature. The study of the formation of coastal forest phytocenoses, their species diversity and the modern state is now urgent work, and development activities for the conservation of natural habitats of plants, improve the sustainability of forest ecosystems are perspective direction. According to research of the forests of the right bank of the river Volga, we present the structure of coastal forest ecosystems. The association of forest ecosystems to the various elements of the relief was installed. The types of soil and litter were presented. The estimation of α-diversity of vascular herbaceous plants and ß-diversity of the studied forest ecosystems were reported. The largest number of species of vascular plants in coastal forests are: oak plant communities; a second group includes birch plants, pine and willow; the third group - the lime and larch; the fourth group - maple plant communitie. The ß-diversity index (Whittaker’s index) of plants in the studied forests varies between 2.2-6.8. The Jaccard coefficient of floristic similarity between forest ecosystems varies from 0.01 to 0.30, which confirms the diversity of generated by coastal forest ecosystems. The greatest diversity of plants was found in forests of ash and mixed grass, mixed grass willow, oak and lime-grove, maple, ash and mixed grass larches, birch wood. The forestry activities in coastal areas should be aimed at creating productive, sustainable forest ecosystems with a rich biodiversity of flora and fauna.

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Strategies for conservation of germplasm in endemic redwoods in the face of climate change: a review

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262111000153 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 411-422 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. R. Ahuja

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Genetic Diversity ◽

Conservation Strategy ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

Coast Redwood ◽

Giant Sequoia ◽

The Face

This study reviews the various conservation strategies applied to the four redwood species, namely coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), Sierra redwood or giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum), dawn redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides) and South American redwood or alerce (Fitzroya cupressoides), which are endemic in the USA, China and South America, respectively. All four redwood genera belong to the family Cupressaceae; they are monospecific, share a number of common phenotypic traits, including red wood, and are threatened in their native ranges due to human activity and a changing climate. Therefore, the management objective should be to conserve representative populations of the native species with as much genetic diversity as possible for their future survival. Those representative populations exhibiting relatively high levels of genetic diversity should be selected for germplasm preservation and monitored during the conservation phase by using molecular markers. In situ and ex situ strategies for the preservation of germplasm of the redwoods are discussed in this study. A holistic in situ gene conservation strategy calls for the regeneration of a large number of diverse redwood genotypes that exhibit adequate levels of neutral and adaptive genetic variability, by generative and vegetative methods for their preservation and maintenance in their endemic locations. At the same time, it would be desirable to conserve the redwoods in new ex situ reserves, away from their endemic locations with similar as well as different environmental conditions for testing their growth and survival capacities. In addition, other ex situ strategies involving biotechnological approaches for preservation of seeds, tissues, pollen and DNA in genebanks should also be fully exploited in the face of global climate change.

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Implementation of the Concept of Conservation Ar ea Buffer Zone in Indonesia

Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika (Journal of Tropical Forest Management) ◽

10.7226/jtfm.27.1.32 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 32-41

Author(s):

S Nadhira ◽

◽

S Basuni

Keyword(s):

Buffer Zone ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Policy Formulation ◽

Community Empowerment ◽

Regional Government ◽

Exploratory Research ◽

Conservation Areas ◽

Buffer Zones ◽

Conservation Area ◽

Study Results

Conservation area buffer zones are recognized to provide ecological, social, and economic benefits in supporting conservation areas' integrity. Nevertheless, little is known hitherto about the development dynamics of conservation area buffer zones in Indonesia. Therefore, a study concerning theory, policy, and management of the conservation area buffer zones in Indonesia is necessary to analyze its performance, identify problems in its implementation, and formulate its evidence-based development policy. This study aims to identify and analyze issues in implementing the concept of conservation area buffer zone as well as recommend policy formulation to accelerate the development of conservation area buffer zones in Indonesia. This study is an exploratory research through a literature review with semi-systematic approach. It finds that there are only nine out of 530 (1.7%) conservation areas in Indonesia with a formally established buffer zone. This condition is mainly due to the absence of buffer zone institutions at the regional government levels. Meanwhile, the management of supposedly buffer zones has been conducted through various projects for strengthening the functions of buffer zones by conservation area managers, either in the form of land-based or non-land-based projects. This study results in recommendations for all interested parties to urge the Ministry of Environment and Forestry and the Ministry of Home Affairs to promulgate and renew the regulations concerning the procedures of establishing and managing conservation area buffer zones. Moreover, regarding the institutional aspect, there is a need for a particular structure in both ministries to address community empowerment issues at the site level.

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