scholarly journals Study on the Stochastic Model for Excessive Air Conditioning Use in Japanese Dwellings

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
Hikaru Imagawa ◽  
Hom Bahadur Rijal ◽  
Masanori Shukuya
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Model ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Occupant Behaviour ◽  
Thermal Measurement ◽  
Human Comfort ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kanto Region

Thermal adjustment is one of the most important behaviours. In daily life, we use some behavioural adjustments. It is not always obtained the optimal condition by the thermal adjustments. For example, it happens to use excessive air conditioning for thermal adjustments. Especially, the excessive air conditioning use is important issue not only for the human comfort but also for the energy use. The occupant behaviour stochastic model was proposed by some previous researches around the world. However, these models show only the state of the occupant behaviour, and thus the excessive adjustments are not known. The objective of this research is to clarify quantitatively the excessive thermal adjustments which are happened to be in the stochastic model. The thermal measurement and occupant behaviour survey was conducted in 120 dwellings during 4 years period in Kanto region of Japan. The number of samples collected was 36,114. We analysed the occupant behaviour stochastic model of the excessive cooling and heating use. The thermal sensation vote (TSV) and the thermal preference vote (TP) were used to classify the excessive air conditioning use. The proportion of excessive cooling use were increased when outdoor air temperature was increased. In addition, there were no significant difference between TSV and TP for calculating the proportion of the excessive air conditioning use in Japanese dwellings. These models are useful to understand the possibility of the energy saving. In the future, the model will be implemented in the building thermal simulation to predict the energy use in building.

scholarly journals An Event-Driven Approach for Changing User Behaviour towards an Enhanced Building’s Energy Efficiency

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Sofia Yfanti ◽  
Nikos Sakkas ◽  
Emmanuel Karapidakis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Occupant Behaviour ◽  
User Behaviour ◽  
Building Systems ◽  
Event Driven ◽  
Renewable Technology

Worldwide, buildings are one of the main energy consumers and the improvement of their energy performance has attracted great interest and has been typically related to the optimisation, both design and operational, of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC), lighting and DHW systems, to innovation in building materials, as well as to the integration of renewable technology in buildings. More recently, occupant behaviour has received increasing attention. Occupants’ interactions with the building systems influence their energy consumption in diverse ways. Their behaviour may affect energy use just as the systems and materials may do. Researchers identified and highlighted various aspects of this occupant behaviour and were gradually led to the conclusion that its effect might be worth investigating. This study has a twofold aim. First, to present a general conceptual framework to define, monitor and eventually change user behaviour in buildings. This framework is called “event-driven”; events are distinct moments in time associated with a potentially problematic behaviour, and the framework aims at tracking, acting upon and reporting on these events. Second, we aim to demonstrate and discuss the application and the savings achieved by means of our proposed approach and in the case of such behavioural events, in the Challenger building of Bouygues, in France.

scholarly journals A Integrated Dedicated Outdoor Air System to Optimize Energy Saving

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yew Khoy Chuah ◽  
Jun Jie Yang
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Air System

Outdoor air supply is required to maintain good indoor air quality (IAQ). For tropical or subtropical regions, warm and humid outdoor air would cause excess air-conditioning energy use. This study has proposed an integrated dedicated outdoor air system (IDOAS), which integrates the enthalpy exchange and outdoor air cooling into a unitary system. IDOAS could operate independently of central air-conditioning systems thus saving tremendous piping cost and energy needed to deliver chilled water to outdoor air unit in a conventional centralized system. An experimental unit of IDOAS was built to prove this novel concept. Enthalpy exchange efficiency was tested to be about 44%. The test results show that about 44% of energy needed to condition the outdoor air can be saved. A reverse Rankine refrigeration cycle was integrated to cool the outdoor air. Due to this integrated configuration, the air passing through the condenser would be at a lower temperature. The consequent lower refrigerant condensing temperature would improve the cooling cycle efficiency. The cooling coefficient of performance (COP) was improved by about 46%. In addition, the outdoor air could be conditioned to a lower humidity before being supplied to space, which would improve the thermal comfort. The test results of this novel IDOAS show that it could provide good air quality at lower energy use.

Design and experimental analysis of a solar thermoelectric heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system as an integral element of a building envelope

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan Ahmad Gondal
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Thermoelectric Module ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Cooling Effects

This study presents an innovative concept of a compact integrated solar-thermoelectric module that can form part of the building envelope. The heating/cooling modes use the photovoltaic electrical current to power the heat pump. The experimental analysis was carried out and the results of coefficient of performance were in the range 0.5–1 and 2.6–5 for cooling and heating functions, respectively. The study demonstrates that thermoelectric cooler can effectively be used for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning applications by integrating with solar panels especially in cooling applications. The system is environmentally friendly and can contribute in the implementation of zero energy buildings concept. Practical application: In order to help address the challenge of climate change and associated environmental effects, there is continuous demand for new technologies and applications that can be readily integrated into day-to-day life as a means of reducing anthropogenic impact. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning, as one of the largest energy consumers in buildings, is the focus of many researchers seeking to reduce building energy use and environmental impact. This article proposes using facades and windows that have an integrated modules of solar photovoltaic cells and thermoelectric devices that are able to work together to achieve heating and cooling effects as required by the building without requiring any external operational power.

Occupant Behaviour and Energy Use

2018 ◽  
pp. 481-491
Author(s):  
Alex Summerfield ◽  
Tadj Oreszczyn ◽  
Ayub Pathan ◽  
Sung-Min Hong
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Occupant Behaviour

scholarly journals The differences in energy system demands of competitive male tennis play between fast and slow courts

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (79) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Аnna Skorodumova ◽  
Igor Baranov
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Playing Time ◽  
Acid Pathway ◽  
Motor Density ◽  
Energy Pathways

This study investigated the energy system demand differences between matches played on fast courts and on slow courts of high-performance male players. Matches of Grand Slam matches played by Russian players were analysed. External indicators as such in-point playing time as a proportion of total match time were used to conduct the analysis. Data analysis found significant differences in all measured external indicators such as average match playing time, number of points and in-point time. Results also found a significant difference between match motor density (the percentage of total match time that made up effective playing time) for the two surface types, with the slow surface (clay) match motor density being significantly higher than that of the fast surface (grass and hard court), 14.5% and 12.9%, respectively. Subsequent analysis of point length reveals clay courts that slow courts had a significantly higher percentage of points that lasted more than 10 seconds whilst fast courts has a higher percentage of points under 10 seconds in length. It can be concluded that due to the length of the points, tennis primarily employs the ATP-PCr energy system for energy use, dipping into the anaerobic lactic acid energy pathways more on clay court matches. Whilst the aerobic pathways are not employed heavily in-point, they are still essential, possibly even more on clay court due to greater taxation on the anaerobic lactic acid pathway, as they provide the basis for ATP re-synthesis between points. This signals toward endurance as a major component of fitness in tennis.

scholarly journals Design of a dew point evaporative cooler for buildings in Mediterranean climate

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 02021
Author(s):  
Djallel Abada ◽  
Chadi Maalouf ◽  
Tala MOUSSA ◽  
Amel Ferial Boudjabi ◽  
Guillaume Polidori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Crucial Problem ◽  
Cooling Technology ◽  
Evaporative Cooler

Refreshing air remains a crucial problem in warm climates where electricity consumption for air conditioning has become excessive and irrational for several years, notably in Algeria. Research in this field is increasingly oriented towards new techniques that can reduce costs and environmental impacts. Among these techniques, the evaporative dew point cooling technology is the most promising as it can cool outdoor air to temperatures below its wet bulb temperature. The aim of this work is to model and design a dew point cooler for french and algerian climates. This model is used to study the effect of the cooler parameters such as its length, water temperature and working air ratio on its cooling effectiveness and supply temperature.

scholarly journals Early adaptation to heat waves and future reduction of air-conditioning energy use in Paris

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 075006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Viguié ◽  
Aude Lemonsu ◽  
Stéphane Hallegatte ◽  
Anne-Lise Beaulant ◽  
Colette Marchadier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Adaptation To Heat
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