Measurement of Subcarinal Angle: A Cadaveric study

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Anusuya Shrestha ◽  
Nirju Ranjit ◽  
Rosha Bhandari ◽  
Bidur Adhikari ◽  
Jyoti Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Thoracic Vertebra ◽  
Cadaveric Study ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Routine Chest ◽  
Made In

Introduction: The bifurcation of trachea into two primary bronchi at the level of fourth thoracic vertebra creates an angle at the bifurcation. This angle can be seen clearly in routine chest X-rays where the measurement can throw light on many medical conditions within the mediastinum. This study aimed at finding the subcarinal angle, which is the angle formed by inferior borders of two primary bronchi. Methods: The measurements were taken from photographs of tracheal specimen of 92 cadavers, 63 male and 29 female. Angle was measured by photographic software and analysis of subcarinal angle was done in the study population. Results: The mean subcarinal angle was found to be 41.09° with standard deviation of 17.14°. This measurement was found to be significantly more in males (68.02± 15.72°) than in females (60.14 ± 17.71°). Conclusion: The subcarinal angles in the study population were seen to be different among sexes. Also, the mean subcarinal angles from other studies, radiological or on specimen were close to the observations made in this study.

Some quantitative dental characteristics of the chimpanzee, gorilla and orang-outang

1950 ◽  
Vol 234 (616) ◽  
pp. 471-484 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Permanent Dentition ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Made In

Measurements have been taken of the crowns of the teeth of seventy-nine chimpanzees, eighty-nine gorillas and sixty-three orang-outangs. Basic statistical data, comprising the mean, the number of skulls, the standard deviation and the standard error of the mean, are presented for forty-eight dimensions and indices of the deciduous teeth and for seventy-eight of those of the permanent dentition of each type of ape. A separation between the sexes has been made in the case of the permanent teeth. Further separation has been made into age groups, where necessitated by changes in dimensions due to wear. Even with the small samples resulting from these subdivisions, the standard error is seldom greater than 4 % of the mean, and therefore the figures obtained are reliable estimates of the variability of the teeth of apes. The data provide a basis for quantitative comparisons between the teeth of existing and fossil anthropoids.

scholarly journals La incorporación de tecnologías emergentes en la formación de alumnos del área económico-administrativo

2019 ◽  
pp. 6-15
Author(s):  
Anabelem Soberanes-Martín ◽  
José Luis Castillo-Mendoza ◽  
Esperanza Cotera-Regalado ◽  
Magally Martínez-Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
University Center ◽  
Bachelor's Degrees ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Administrative Area ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Convenience Sampling

The present work is focused on proposing the incorporation of Emerging Technologies (ET) in the Economic-Administrative area (EAA), specifically for students of the Bachelor's Degree in Accounting (LCN, Spanish acronym) and the Bachelor's Degree in Administrative Informatics (LIA, Spanish acronym), of the Chalco Valley University Center of the UAEMex, because they are focused on the development and creation of businesses, starting with the use of mobile phones, augmented reality and virtual supports. An instrument with a Likert scale elaborated, applied to a sample of 238 students of LIA and LCN, taking the total of students as population (408) and a convenience sampling was carried out. Also, there was an interview with 12 professors of both bachelor's degrees. The focus considered in the research was qualitative, transversal, and field. The questionnaire validated with Cronbach's alpha (0.81) and its score applying the mean and standard deviation, coding each of the items according to the characteristics of the study population. Among the results, teachers agreed to incorporate emerging technologies and to design how they will implement them in the classroom so that the proposed strategies contribute to the learning of students in the economic-administrative area.

Prediction of Spontaneous Puberty in Turner Syndrome Based on Mid-Childhood Gonadotropin Concentrations, Karyotype, and Ovary Visualization: A Longitudinal Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Hankus ◽  
Kamil Soltysik ◽  
Kamila Szeliga ◽  
Aleksandra Antosz ◽  
Agnieszka Drosdzol-Cop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Turner Syndrome ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Biochemical Data ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean

Aims: To investigate whether karyotype, mid-childhood (6–10 years) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, and ultrasound ovary visualization results can be used as indicators of spontaneous puberty in Turner syndrome (TS). Methods: The analysis was based on clinical and biochemical data from 110 TS girls aged >13 years at the end of the study (1,140 visits between 1996 and 2015). The study population was divided according to karyotype: 45,X and non-45,X. Results: The mean age ± standard deviation at diagnosis was 10.7 ± 4.0 years, and the follow-up duration was 5.9 ± 3.3 years. Spontaneous puberty was confirmed in 48% and menarche in 20% of the subjects, less frequently in 45,X girls. The mean age at Tanner stage B2 was 13.7 ± 2.4 years and that at menarche 14.2 ± 1.7 years, regardless of the karyotype. The median FSH level at 6–10 years was 8.16 IU/L, which was significantly lower than <6 years and >10 years. The median LH level at 6–10 years was 0.35 IU/L, which was lower than >10 years. The chance of spontaneous menarche was decreased in girls with FSH ≥6.7 IU/L between 6 and 10 years. Conclusions: Although spontaneous puberty and menarche occur more frequently in non-45,X girls, the karyotype cannot be used to predict them. However, the chance of spontaneous menarche can be predicted based on gonadotropin cut-off values. There was no correlation between ultrasound ovary visualization results and spontaneous puberty.

scholarly journals Frequency of polypharmacy and drug interactions in inpatients in the emergency department, Southwest of Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mobina Tahmasebivand ◽  
Hassan Barzegari ◽  
Mandana Izadpanah
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Southwest Of Iran ◽  
Drug Therapy Problems ◽  
Length Of Hospitalization

This study aimed to evaluate the polypharmacy extent and the frequency and severity of drug interactions by evaluating inpatients in the emergency department. In this epidemiologicaldescriptive study, data were collected retrospectively by reviewing medical records of 92 hospitalized patients in the emergency department with a stay over 48 hours. Out of the study population, 54.3% and 45.7% were respectively male and female, with a mean age of 59.09. In terms of hospitalization, 27.2% and 16.3% were hospitalized due to heart problems and trauma, respectively and the mean length of hospitalization was 3.91 with a standard deviation of 2.57 days. The mean drug received was 8.48, with a standard deviation of 4.48. Of the patients, 81.5% received more than 5 drugs; in addition, the observed amounts of drug interactions of A, B, C, D, and X were 2.5%, 17%, 59.3%, 19.5%, and 1.9%, respectively. The drug interaction prevalence in inpatients in the emergency department was high. The presence of a pharmacist is necessary to identify drug interactions and reduce drug-therapy problems to provide quality services.

Space-Time Diaries and Travel Characteristics for Different Levels of Respondent Aggregation

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 891-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
D G Janelle ◽  
M F Goodchild ◽  
B Klinkenberg
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Time Geography ◽  
Daily Movement ◽  
Level Of Aggregation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time Diaries ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Made In

Significant progress has been made in the analysis of space—time diary data. Drawing on the flexibility that such data provide, in this study the authors group respondents at five different levels of aggregation, and compare them according to their mean and standard deviation values for selected measures of travel behaviour. The measures, derived from the time—geography model, relate to the range and speed of daily movement and to the duration of activities. Wide variation in values were observed among subpopulations and role groups at each level of aggregation and, in general, these increased for higher levels of disaggregation. Graphic plots of the mean and standard deviation values permit evaluations of the effects of aggregation and provide a basis for identification of relationships between respondents' sociodemographic characteristics and their travel behaviour.

At Least One Standard Deviation Above the Mean

1969 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 470-471
Author(s):  
M. DAVID MERRILL
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
The Mean

The Estimation of Blood Platelet Survival

1972 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 447-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A Murphy ◽  
M. E Francis ◽  
J. F Mustard
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Experimental Error ◽  
Blood Platelet ◽  
Least Squares Estimation ◽  
Systematic Relationship ◽  
Platelet Survival ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normally Distributed

SummaryThe characteristics of experimental error in measurement of platelet radioactivity have been explored by blind replicate determinations on specimens taken on several days on each of three Walker hounds.Analysis suggests that it is not unreasonable to suppose that error for each sample is normally distributed ; and while there is evidence that the variance is heterogeneous, no systematic relationship has been discovered between the mean and the standard deviation of the determinations on individual samples. Thus, since it would be impracticable for investigators to do replicate determinations as a routine, no improvement over simple unweighted least squares estimation on untransformed data suggests itself.

Computed Tomography-Based Patient-Specific Instrumentation Loses Accuracy with Significant Varus Preoperative Misalignment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Jesús León-Muñoz ◽  
Mirian López-López ◽  
Alonso José Lisón-Almagro ◽  
Francisco Martínez-Martínez ◽  
Fernando Santonja-Medina
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Deformity Correction ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Control Group ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Varus Alignment ◽  
Patient Specific Instrumentation ◽  
Conventional Instrumentation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Valgus Alignment

AbstractPatient-specific instrumentation (PSI) has been introduced to simplify and make total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery more precise, effective, and efficient. We performed this study to determine whether the postoperative coronal alignment is related to preoperative deformity when computed tomography (CT)-based PSI is used for TKA surgery, and how the PSI approach compares with deformity correction obtained with conventional instrumentation. We analyzed pre-and post-operative full length standing hip-knee-ankle (HKA) X-rays of the lower limb in both groups using a convention > 180 degrees for valgus alignment and < 180 degrees for varus alignment. For the PSI group, the mean (± SD) pre-operative HKA angle was 172.09 degrees varus (± 6.69 degrees) with a maximum varus alignment of 21.5 degrees (HKA 158.5) and a maximum valgus alignment of 14.0 degrees. The mean post-operative HKA was 179.43 degrees varus (± 2.32 degrees) with a maximum varus alignment of seven degrees and a maximum valgus alignment of six degrees. There has been a weak correlation among the values of the pre- and postoperative HKA angle. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of postoperative alignment outside the range of 180 ± 3 degrees was significantly higher with a preoperative varus misalignment of 15 degrees or more (aOR: 4.18; 95% confidence interval: 1.35–12.96; p = 0.013). In the control group (conventional instrumentation), this loss of accuracy occurs with preoperative misalignment of 10 degrees. Preoperative misalignment below 15 degrees appears to present minimal influence on postoperative alignment when a CT-based PSI system is used. The CT-based PSI tends to lose accuracy with preoperative varus misalignment over 15 degrees.

Surgical treatment of fractures of the distal radius – ORIF vs external fixation with ligamentotaxis

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
External Fixation ◽  
Distal Radius ◽  
Locking Plates ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Ao Classification ◽  
Radial Inclination ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Sagittal Tilt ◽  
Radial Length ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: The study compares the results of open reduction using volar locking plates with ligamentotaxis by external fixation in fractures of distal radius type 2R3C according to AO classification. Methods: A retrospective study evaluating the results of osteosynthesis in patients with distal radius fractures type 2R3C according to AO classification, operated until December 2018. The ORIF method with volar locking plates (LCP) was used in 54 patients, and closed reduction with ligamentotaxis using external fixation (EF) was used in 33 patients. The mean age of the patients was 46.7 years in the LCP group and 59.6 years in the EF group. All were evaluated for their X-ray and functional outcomes and according to the Green and O’Brien score at 6 and 12 months after surgery. Results: According to X-rays at 12 months in the LCP group, the mean sagittal tilt was 10.13°, the mean radial inclination was 23.89°, and the mean radial length was 11.84 mm. In the EF group, the mean sagittal tilt was 6.32°, the mean radial inclination was 24.78°, and the mean radial length was 9.89 mm. According to the Green and O’Brien score, we recorded a mean score of 84.44 points in the LCP group at 12 month; we achieved good and excellent results in 83.33% of the patients and no poor result was observed. In the EF group the final mean score was 77.27; good and excellent results were achieved in 45.46% of the patients and a poor result in one patient. Conclusion: Based on the results in our group of patients, the internal type osteosynthesis using LCP implants can be recommended as a first-choice technique in the treatment of 2R3C fractures according to AO classification.

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