Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Cream Containing Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume, Glycyrrhiza glabra L and Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Extracts to Topical Use

Alcoholic extracts of medicinal plants Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume, Glycyrrhiza glabra L, and Azadirachta indica A. Juss were subjected to the evaluation of antioxidant properties and combined for the cream formulation. The antioxidant property was determined by using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and inhibition of lipid peroxidase assays. The cream formulation was designed using Minitab software and a central composite design was used to study the effect of dependent variables, steric acid and cetyl alcohol on the response variables such as, viscosity, pH, and spreadability. The phytochemical screening of extracts showed the presence of tannin, phenol, flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids. Antioxidant properties of the extracts and their relative composition were found variable. Composition F3 (C. zeylanicum Blume: G. glabra L: A. indica A. Juss; 01: 02: 01) possessed the highest antioxidant capacity compared to other ratios. The cream prepared from this composition was found stable for pH, viscosity as well as antioxidant activity under normal condition (25) and accelerated condition (40 ). The cream with DPPH scavenging activity of 93.86 % at 15 µg/mL (IC50 8.58±0.30) and lipid peroxidase assay 90.93 % at 200 µg/mL (IC50 72.30±0.60) with pH 5.50 was found with a non-Newtonian positive thixotropic flow property. Parameters like pH, viscosity, and spreadability of the cream were within the acceptance range, and found stable and permeable

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Characterization of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. rhizomes and roots

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c5ra03963k ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (34) ◽

pp. 26991-26997 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Natália Martins ◽

Lillian Barros ◽

Montserrat Dueñas ◽

Celestino Santos-Buelga ◽

Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Glycyrrhiza Glabra ◽

Phenolic Composition ◽

Glycyrrhiza Glabra L

The present work aims to characterize and quantify the phenolic composition and to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (commonly known as licorice) rhizomes and roots.

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Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Flavanones from Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (licorice) Leaf Phytocomplexes: Identification of Licoflavanone as a Modulator of NF-kB/MAPK Pathway

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox8060186 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 186 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Luca Frattaruolo ◽

Gabriele Carullo ◽

Matteo Brindisi ◽

Sarah Mazzotta ◽

Luca Bellissimo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mapk Pathway ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Health Spending ◽

Glycyrrhiza Glabra ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein ◽

Natural Remedies ◽

Glycyrrhiza Glabra L ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Inflammation represents an adaptive response generated by injuries or harmful stimuli. Natural remedies represent an interesting alternative to traditional therapies, involving several biochemical pathways. Besides, the valorization of agrochemical wastes nowadays seems to be a feasible way to reduce the health spending and improve the accessibility at bioactive natural compounds. In this context, the chemical composition of three Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (licorice) leaf extracts, obtained through maceration or ultrasound-assisted method (fresh and dried leaves) was investigated. A guided fractionation obtained three main components: pinocembrin, glabranin and licoflavanone. All the extracts showed similar antioxidant properties, evaluated by 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) or 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) Diammonium Salt (ABTS) assay, while, among the isolated compounds, licoflavanone exhibited the best antioxidant activity. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts and the purified compounds was investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. Extract C and licoflavanone showed a good anti-inflammatory activity without affecting cell viability, as they decreased nitrite levels even when used at 12.5 μg/mL (p < 0.005) and 50 μM concentration (p < 0.001), respectively. Interestingly, licoflavanone markedly decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and cyclooxygenase 2/inducible nitric oxide synthase (COX-2/iNOS) expression levels (p < 0.001). A modulation of nuclear factor kappa B/mitogen-activated protein kinases (NF-kB/MAPK) pathway underlay such behavior, highlighting the potential of this natural compound as a new scaffold in anti-inflammatory drug research.

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PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN-VITRO FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF ROOT EXTRACTS OF GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA L

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9i6.13675 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 85

Author(s):

Archana Sakthi

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Glycyrrhiza Glabra ◽

Peroxide Radical ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Root Extracts ◽

Nitric Oxide Radical ◽

Glycyrrhiza Glabra L

ABSTRACT: Obesity is an international health problem caused by various environmental and genetic factors. Herbal supplements have proved to be active against obesity. Glycyrrhiza glabra belongs to the family of Fabaceae. Glycyrrhiza glabra was used traditionally to treat various diseases. Hence the current study was planned to investigate the phytochemicals and antioxidants present in Glycyrrhiza glabra. Materials and Methods: The preliminary qualitative, quantitative phytochemicals and antioxidants were investigated from the root extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra. Results: The preliminary qualitative analysis of various extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra showed the presence of Phenols, Flavonoids, Tannins, Saponins and Quinones. Quantitative analysis of Glycyrrhiza glabra showed elevated amounts of phenols, flavonoids and tannins in ethanolic extracts. The Aqueous, ethanol, hydro alcoholic extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra showed 211±2.64, 281.66±1.57, 263±14.2 mg of phenols, 152.66±3.05, 187.33±1.52, 183.33±3.05 mg of flavonoids, 21.33±0.57, 41±3.46, 34.3±1.15 mg of Tannins, 42.33±2.05, 63.33±1.52, 36.33±1.57 mg of terpenoids. The antioxidant properties of the ethanolic extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra were evaluated with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), Nitric Oxide radical (NO), Superoxide radical (SO), Hydrogen peroxide radical (H2O2), Hydroxyl radical (HO) Scavenging activity. The IC50 value of Glycyrrhiza glabra is 120 µg/ml for DPPH, 208 µg/ml for (NO), 196 µg/ml for (SO), 148 µg/ml for (H2O2), and 252 µg/ml for (OH). Invitro method suggests that Glycyrrhiza glabra is more powerful against nitric oxide and hydroxyl radicals. Conclusion: This preliminary study shows that Glycyrrhiza glabra is a promising herb with many phytochemicals and antioxidants it can be further investigated for its antiobesity potential.Key words: Glycyrrhiza glabra L., phytochemicals, antioxidant and obesity.

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Antioxidant Potential of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. roots: In-Vitro Evidences

Journal of Pharmaceutical Technology Research and Management ◽

10.15415/jptrm.2020.81002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 9-13

Author(s):

Varinder Singh ◽

Amit Kumar

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Glycyrrhiza Glabra ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

High Antioxidant Activity ◽

Glycyrrhiza Glabra L ◽

Strong Candidate ◽

Dpph Scavenging ◽

Antioxidant Effects ◽

Reducing Potential

Background: The study was aimed to determine the mechanism of antioxidant effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (GG) roots using in-vitro assays.Methods: The various extracts of GG roots were prepared and evaluated for DPPH scavenging, reducing effects and nitric oxide inhibiting activities. Prepared extracts were screened for the presence of various phytochemicals and quantified on the basis of phytochemical present therein.Results: The results showed that all the prepared extracts contained phenolic compounds. Also, extract showed appreciable antioxidant effects in all three assays employed. However, among prepared extracts, ethylacetate extract was found to have strong free radical inhibition, ferric reducing potential and nitric oxide inhibitory effects. The reason for high antioxidant activity in ethylacetate extract could be attributed to the significant amount phenol compounds present in it. Conclusion: Evidently, GG’s capacity to scavenge free radicals, reducing potential and inhibit nitric oxide contributes to its antioxidant effects and thus, could be a strong candidate for developing antioxidant based drug therapy.

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Qualitative Phytochemical Screening, GCMS Studies and In-Vitro Anti-Oxidative Properties of Aqeuous Leaf Extract of Gnetum africanum

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v10i1.3813 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 11-17

Author(s):

A.S. Ezekwe ◽

P.C. Ugwuezumba ◽

P. Nwankpa ◽

J.N. Egwurugwu ◽

C.N. Ekweogu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Antioxidant Property ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Standard Procedures ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽

Dpph Scavenging

This study aimed at carrying out a qualitative phytochemical screening, GC-MS studies and in-vitro antioxidant properties of aqueous leaf extract of Gnetum africanum. The qualitative phytochemical screening of the aqueous leaf extract of Gnetum africanum was done using standard procedures and revealed the presence of terpenoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids, cardiac glucosides and phenols. The GC-MS screening revealed the presence of 14 compounds, 6 out of the 14 compounds were most prominent. The compound with the highest percentage peak area was caffeine with peak area of 96.9%, followed by n-Hexadacanotic acid with peak area of 60.9%, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol with peak area of 55.9%, tetradacanoic acid with peak area of 50.3%, cyclopentaneundecanoic acid with peak area of 47.8% and 2-cyclo-penten-1-2-hydroxy with peak area of 43.6% respectively. In-vitro determination of antioxidant property of leaf extract of Gnetum africanum was done photometrically using 2,2-dyhenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The DPPH scavenging ability of the leaf extract (43.2, 60.5, 68.8, and 75.7) was statistically significant at p<0.05 when compared with the standard drug ascorbic acid (81.1, 82.6, 85.1, and 90.4) % at 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/l. In conclusion, the leaf extract of Gnetum africanum is loaded with a host of important phytochemicals and has antioxidant properties which increase in potency with increase dose. Keywords: Phytochemical Screening, GCMS Studies, Anti-Oxidant, Gnetum africanum

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