Antibacterial Activity of Ethyl Acetate and Cream Formulation of Coleus atropurpureus leaves Against Staphylococcus aureus

Infectious diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus (Sa) bacteria reaching 70% of cases in Asia and can attack and survive in epithelial cells including endothelial cells. Attempts to overcome the infection caused by Sa by giving antibiotics, which work as antibacterial. Myana (Coleus atropurpureus L. Benth) leaves contain several active compounds that might act as antibacterial agents. This study aimed to analyze the antibacterial activity of Coleus Extract in vitro and to evaluate the formulation of the extract cream against the bacteria causing infection, Sa. Coleus leaves ethyl acetate extract contains alkaloids and tannins, the absorbance of Sa at the 3rd hour was getting smaller, from 0.668 to 0.552, this showed that the longer the incubation time of the extract against bacterial inoculation, the more bacteria died. Our cream formulation with criteria: the pH value, homogeneity, spreadability, adhesion, and protection power. Our cream formulation results were then evaluated based on the standard, with criteria: the pH value, homogeneity, spreadability, adhesion, and protection power. It seems that our cream is per the cream standards. It is semi-solid, brownish-white in color, smells typical of Coleus, and pH 6. Moreover, the cream is homogeneous with 5 cm of spreadability, 7 seconds for adhesion, and colorless. Moreover, we found that Coleus extract cream has better antibacterial activity than positive control with a wound closure time of 7-14 days for extract while more than 14 days for positive control.

Role of clobetasol propionate 0.025% topical therapy in various dermatoses

The anti-inflammatory and vasoconstrictive properties of topical corticosteroids (TCs) contribute in providing therapeutic benefits in several skin conditions, including atopic eczema, localized vitiligo, psoriasis, and chronic hand eczema. Clobetasol propionate (CP) is the most common topical agent used for psoriasis management and demonstrates an efficacy superior to other TCs. A new CP 0.025% cream formulation has demonstrated hypoallergenic effects due to the absence of known contact allergens, such as propylene glycol, short-chain alcohols, and sorbitol-based emulsifiers. Lower CP serum levels and less hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis suppression with CP 0.025% cream formulation than with CP 0.05% ensure better safety. The present case series discusses the clinical experience of using CP 0.025% cream in various dermatological conditions.

Role of Topical Corticosteroid Therapy in Various Dermatoses

Topical corticosteroids are the cornerstone in managing several dermatologic disorders, including plaque psoriasis.Managing plaque psoriasis warrants the use of an effective anti-inflammatory, antimitotic, antipruritic, and immunosuppressive agent, such as clobetasol propionate (CP). Recently, CP 0.025% cream received approval by United States food and drug administration (US FDA) for the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis in adult patients. CP 0.025% cream has proven efficacious in chronic skin diseases, including controlling inflammation and pruritus, in various steroid-responsive dermatoses. In contrast to prior CP formulations, this novel CP 0.025% cream formulation does not contain propylene glycol, short-chain alcohols, and sorbitol-based emulsifiers, which are known contact allergens. The other beneficial attributes of this CP 0.025% cream formulation are high penetration of active ingredients and a lower degree of systemic absorption. This case series discusses the experience of using CP 0.025% cream in terms of its efficacy and safety in various dermatologic conditions.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTIFUNGAL CREAM OF CHLORPHENESIN

Objective: The main aim of our research was to develop an Antifungal cream formulation consisting of Chlorphenesin for the treatment of Fungal infections. Topical route is the most suitable route for skin infections. Methods: The development of topical drug delivery systems designed to have systemic effects appears to be beneficial for a number of drugs on account of several advantages over conventional dosage forms(or) routes of drug administration. An Antifungal cream formulation consisting of Chlorphenesin was prepared. Results: The formulation was subjected to in vitro diffusion studies. Microbiological studies were performed to find out the safety of materials used in the formulation. Conclusion: The developed cream consisting of Cholrphnesin was found to be safe and effective for the treatment of fungal infection.

Formulation and Antimicrobial Screening of Piper sarmentosum Cream against Staphylococcus aureus

Piper sarmentosum, known as ‘kaduk’ has been traditionally used in different parts of the world to cure many diseases and ailments. It contains alkaloids and has been reported to possess many pharmacological properties like anti-cancer, anti-hyperglycaemic, anti-tuberculosis, antioxidant, and antimalarial. This study aimed to evaluate the formulation of P. sarmentosum cream and exploring the antimicrobial properties in different types of cream formulation before in vivo study. The leaves extract of P. sarmentosum was obtained from the cold-soaked methanolic extraction method, evaporated, and dried to produce the powdered extract. Then, it was diluted into four different concentrations, 25% w/v, 50% w/v, 75% w/v, and 100% w/v for Staphylococcus aureus antimicrobial screening. Based on the S. aureus antimicrobial screening, four types of creams were formulated (Cream A: cream base without Piper sarmentosum extract; Cream B: Piper sarmentosum extract (5%) only; Cream C: Piper sarmentosum extract (5%) with parabens preservatives; Cream D: Piper sarmentosum extract (5%) with vitamin E) and evaluated for their physical appearance, pH, stability study, and antimicrobial activity against S. aureus. As a result, 100% w/v concentration of the P. sarmentosum extract showed the highest result in the zone of inhibition (5.50 mm ± 0.03) towards S. aureus and was selected for cream formulation. In evaluating their physical appearance, all formulated creams showed high homogeneity and consistency with no phase separation and pH between 7.2 – 8.0 ± 0.07. On stability study, all creams with three different temperatures of 4°C, 27°C, and 37°C for 30 days show no colour changes, high homogeneity, and consistency with any phase separation. The results of antimicrobial screening for all formulated creams, show that Cream D has the highest zone of inhibition towards S. aureus (5.53 mm ± 0.25), followed by Cream C (4.43 mm ± 0.13). In conclusion, P. sarmentosum cream formulation showed high stability properties and possessed anti-microbial properties suggesting its potentials for wound healing cream.

A Stability Indicating Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Hydroquinone, Hydrocortisone and Tretenoin in Cream Formulation

Objective: A simple, sensitive, rapid, precise and accurate stability indicating RP-HPLC method has been developed for simultaneous estimation of Hydroquinone, Hydrocortisone and Tretenoin from their Cream Formulation. Method: The Chromatographic separation was achieved on a reversed-phase Inertsil C18 (4.6 mm I.D. × 250 mm, 5 µm) column using a mobile phase consisting of Buffer (pH 4.0) 0.05M potassium dihydrogen ortho phosphate-Methanol in the ratio of 80:20% V/V at a flow rate of 1ml/min and UV detection at λmax 265 nm. The method showed linearity with correlation coefficient of Hydroquinone, Hydrocortisone and Tretenoin was 0.998, 0.998 and 0.996 over the range of 40-120 µg/ml, 20-60 µg/ml and 0.25-0.75 µg/ml respectively. Result: The retention time was 3 min, 5 min and 6 min for Hydroquinone, Hydrocortisone and Tretenoin respectively. The mean recoveries were found to be in the range of 97.00 –101.00 % for all the components. The method was validated as per the ICH guidelines. The method was validated as per the ICH guidelines. Conclusion: The method was stable and specific and when sample was stressed under different conditions like Acid, Base, Oxidative, Thermal and Photolytic, no interference of degradants were observed.

Elaboration and sensory evaluation of ice cream flavored cream with whey / Elaboração e avaliação sensorial de gelado aromatizado com soro de leite

Whey is a by-product of the cheese industry, and generates a high cost for its correct disposal, because it is produced in large volume by companies during cheese production. It is necessary to seek alternatives for the addition of this by-product in food, in order to nutritionally improve poorly nutritious foods. The objective of the work is to add whey in an ice cream formulation. The addition of whey to ice cream becomes an option to link these concepts and nutritionally improve a product that is widely consumed in Brazil, especially by children. Thus, three formulations were developed, the standard formulation without the addition of whey, formulation two with 25% and formulation three with 50% addition of whey, respectively. Sensory analysis was also performed to assess consumer preference. The results were positive, and formulation two with the addition of 50% whey was the one with the best acceptability. Thus, it can be stated that whey can be applied to ice cream formulations, becoming an alternative for the optimization of this by-product.