Nutritional Value of Some Local Mushroom Species of Nepal

Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies ◽

10.3126/jjis.v2i1.18060 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Akkal Deo Mishra ◽

Manju Mishra

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Wild Species ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Maximum Amount ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Paddy Straw ◽

Mushroom Species ◽

Saw Dust

A study on the nutrients of cultivated and wild mushrooms as a sample analysis is carried out. The variation of chemical constituents based on the species, substratum and season has been observed for three cultivated species namely Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus sajorcaju and Laccaria leccata alongwith one wild species namely Laetiporus sulphureus. The observations have been made for saw dust, paddy straw and wheat straw as substratum. Saw dust is found to produce higher yield followed by paddy straw in summer season as compared to winter vegetation. On the average 1.5 kg of saw dust produced 1 kg of mushroom.Some principal nutrients like carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins, fats, minerals, fibre and ash, moisture content, etc. are estimated from the mentioned mushroom species. The maximum amount of nutrients contained in 100gm of dry mass is 90% moisture, 15% fibre and ash, 8% carbohydrates, 12% amino acids, 32% proteins and 2.5% fat contents among the mushroom species studied. These mushrooms possess considerable amount of minerals like sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, phosphorus, etc. The maximum amount of these mineral elements in the mushrooms under experiment is 5% sodium, 6% phosphorus, 4% potassium, 2.5% calcium and 3% iron in straw based vegetation grown in summer season.The mushroom species studied have been tested against different fungal and bacterial strains to observe their microbiological activities by using their biomass extract. They are found mild to moderate in antifungal and antibacterial activities. The wild species have shown higher potentiality against in vitro tested microbes as compared to cultivated mushrooms under experiment. Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary StudiesVol. 2, No.1 (December 2013), Page: 1-11

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Coumaronochromone as antibacterial and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors from Aerva persica (Burm.f.) Merr.: experimental and first-principles approaches

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2020-0138 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Imran ◽

Ahmad Irfan ◽

Mohammed A. Assiri ◽

Sajjad H. Sumrra ◽

Muhammad Saleem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbonic Anhydrase ◽

First Principles ◽

Molecular Electrostatic Potential ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Hirshfeld Analysis ◽

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition ◽

Inhibition Studies ◽

Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbitals

AbstractThe Aerva plants are exceptionally rich in phytochemicals and possess therapeutics potential. Phytochemical screening shows that Aerva persica (Burm.f.) Merr. contains highest contents i.e., total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols, tannins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, anthraquinones and glycosides. In-vitro antibacterial and enzymatic (carbonic anhydrase) inhibition studies on methanol extracts of A. persica indicated the presence of biological active constituents within chloroform soluble portions. Investigation in the pure constituents on the chloroform portions of A. persica accomplished by column chromatography, NMR and MS analysis. The bioguided isolation yields four chemical constituents of coumaronochromone family, namely aervin (1-4). These pure chemical entities (1-4) showed significant antibacterial activity in the range of 60.05–79.21 µg/ml against various bacterial strains using ampicillin and ciprofloxacin as standard drugs. The compounds 1-4 showed promising carbonic anhydrase inhibition with IC50 values of 19.01, 18.24, 18.65 and 12.92 µM, respectively, using standard inhibitor acetazolamide. First-principles calculations revealed comprehensive intramolecular charge transfer in the studied compounds 1-4. The spatial distribution of highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals, ionization potential, molecular electrostatic potential and Hirshfeld analysis revealed that these coumaronochromone compounds would be proficient biological active compounds. These pure constituents may be used as a new pharmacophore to treat leaukomia, epilepsy, glaucoma and cystic fibrosis.

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Assessment and antimricrobial modulating activity of the extract of Baccharis cinerea DC. from cariri cearense

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v36n6a2020-42278 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Cleberton Torres Santos ◽

Luiz Eduardo Oliveira Teotônio ◽

Ana Paula Leite Nascimento ◽

Darcio Luiz de Sousa Júnior ◽

Ítalo Mykaell da Silva Benjamin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Asteraceae Family

Baccharis cinerea belongs to the Asteraceae family, in Brazil is found in the Northeast and Southeast, occurring in the Caatinga and Mata Atlântica biomes, on the edges of the seasonal forests, board and altitude forests in both regenerating primary and secondary areas. Has proven antimicrobial and antiviral activity and is widely used in folk medicine for its various therapeutic effects and is used as an antiseptic for skin and wound infections, inflammation, diarrhea as well as being used as a purgative. The plants used in the traditional medicine are more and more explored scientifically because they are possible resources of substances with antimicrobial activity in front damage man’s health microorganism. In this context the objective of the study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity, modulator activity of antibiotic and in vitro phytochemical prospection of leaf ethanol extracts. Tests were performed on the bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15442) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 10536). The antibacterial activity was analyzed by means determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). For the evaluation of the modulating activity, the microdilution method of the diluted extract samples with the antibiotic’s amikacin, clindamycin and gentamicin was used. The MIC results were ≥ 1024 μg mL-1 by the bacterial strains. There was a relevance of concentrations in modulation with the antimicrobials tested such as amikacin and gentamicin, there were no discrepancy of clindamycin results in association with the extract. The chemical constituents found were leucoanthocyanidins, flabobenic tannins, flavanones, flavones, flavonoids, xanthones, chalcones, aurones. It is important to note that is necessary to do other studies to evaluate the potential of this species because it has important chemical compounds in reducing antimicrobial resistance.

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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL, AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM LEAVES OF AJUGA PARVIFLORA BENTH

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11s2.28529 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (14) ◽

pp. 57

Author(s):

Sanjay Kumar ◽

Mohammad S Javed ◽

Pawan Kumar ◽

Rishendra Kumar

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Vitro Assay ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Antibacterial And Antioxidant Activity

Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate the phytogenic chemical compounds and assess their antibacterial and antioxidant activity of essential oil of Ajuga parviflora Benth. growing in the Himalayan region. Methods: In the present study, the phytochemical constituents of essential oil were isolated by steam distillation and screened by gas chromatography (GC) and GC–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis from A. parviflora is rich in oxygenated monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids. The essential oil was further evaluated for their antibacterial by well-diffusion method and antioxidant activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay at various concentrations. Results: The major chemical constituents were α-cadinol (21.36%), α-muurolol (14.2%), cubebol (12.76%), germacrene D-4-ol (9.6%), germacrene D (4.32%), farnesyl acetate (3.58%), longifolol acetate (2.76%), and β-bourbonene (2.35 %) whereas monoterpenoids were minor constituents. The zone of inhibition (ZOI) shown by essential oil against test bacterial strains at concentration of 500 μg/ml to Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.6 mm), Escherichia coli (5 mm), Salmonella typhimurium (8.6 mm), and Proteus vulgaris (10.7 mm) and Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis (8.3 mm). At the same time, ZOI of standard antibiotic ciprofloxacin against test bacterial strains was P. aeruginosa (9.6 mm), E. coli (14.3mm), S. typhimurium (19.3 mm), P. vulgaris (17.8 mm), and B. subtilis (20.6 mm), respectively. The free radical scavenging property of A. parviflora employed by in vitro assay methods like scavenging activity of DPPH was 81% at 500 μg/ml concentrations, respectively. Conclusion: Our study showed that α-cadinol, α-muurolol, and cubebol as the major components in this oil which was absent in previous findings of A. parviflora and essential oil had potent antibacterial and antioxidant activity, respectively.

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Vitamin Biosynthesis by Human Gut Butyrate-Producing Bacteria and Cross-Feeding in Synthetic Microbial Communities

mBio ◽

10.1128/mbio.00886-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Eva C. Soto-Martin ◽

Ines Warnke ◽

Freda M. Farquharson ◽

Marilena Christodoulou ◽

Graham Horgan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Human Colon ◽

Growth Stimulation ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Healthy Human ◽

Content Type ◽

Health Promoting

ABSTRACT We investigated the requirement of 15 human butyrate-producing gut bacterial strains for eight B vitamins and the proteinogenic amino acids by a combination of genome sequence analysis and in vitro growth experiments. The Ruminococcaceae species Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Subdoligranulum variabile were auxotrophic for most of the vitamins and the amino acid tryptophan. Within the Lachnospiraceae, most species were prototrophic for all amino acids and several vitamins, but biotin auxotrophy was widespread. In addition, most of the strains belonging to Eubacterium rectale and Roseburia spp., but few of the other Lachnospiraceae strains, were auxotrophic for thiamine and folate. Synthetic coculture experiments of five thiamine or folate auxotrophic strains with different prototrophic bacteria in the absence and presence of different vitamin concentrations were carried out. This demonstrated that cross-feeding between bacteria does take place and revealed differences in cross-feeding efficiency between prototrophic strains. Vitamin-independent growth stimulation in coculture compared to monococulture was also observed, in particular for F. prausnitzii A2-165, suggesting that it benefits from the provision of other growth factors from community members. The presence of multiple vitamin auxotrophies in the most abundant butyrate-producing Firmicutes species found in the healthy human colon indicates that these bacteria depend upon vitamins supplied from the diet or via cross-feeding from other members of the microbial community. IMPORTANCE Microbes in the intestinal tract have a strong influence on human health. Their fermentation of dietary nondigestible carbohydrates leads to the formation of health-promoting short-chain fatty acids, including butyrate, which is the main fuel for the colonic wall and has anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. A good understanding of the growth requirements of butyrate-producing bacteria is important for the development of efficient strategies to promote these microbes in the gut, especially in cases where their abundance is altered. The demonstration of the inability of several dominant butyrate producers to grow in the absence of certain vitamins confirms the results of previous in silico analyses. Furthermore, establishing that strains prototrophic for thiamine or folate (butyrate producers and non-butyrate producers) were able to stimulate growth and affect the composition of auxotrophic synthetic communities suggests that the provision of prototrophic bacteria that are efficient cross feeders may stimulate butyrate-producing bacteria under certain in vivo conditions.

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ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIOXIDANT, CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS, AND CYTOTOXICITY EVALUATION OF TERMINALIA ARJUNA (ROXB. EX DC.) WIGHT AND ARN

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i3.16408 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 412

Author(s):

Savita Khatri ◽

Neetu Phougat ◽

Mehak Dangi ◽

Anil Kumar Chhillar

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Terminalia Arjuna ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Dpph Assay ◽

Hemolytic Assay ◽

Disk Diffusion Assay

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial and antioxidant prospective of Terminalia arjuna (leaves). The most activeextracts were examined for their chemical composition and cytotoxicity.Methods: The antibacterial activity of five different extracts were examined against 8 bacterial strains (5 Gram-positive and 3 Gram-negative) usingresazurin-based microtiter dilution assay (RMDA) and disk-diffusion assay. The antioxidant potential of five extracts was demonstrated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and superoxide radical scavenging assay. Chemical composition and cytotoxicity were assessed using gaschromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and hemolytic assay, respectively.Results: According to RMDA, the acetone extract (AE) exhibited highest antibacterial activity. The AE showed highest activity against Salmonellaenterica ser. typhi and Bacillus cereus with minimum inhibitory concentration, i.e., 195.31 μg/ml. In DPPH assay, AE showed the highest radicalscavenging activity with inhibition concentration50 23.09 μg/ml. In GC-MS analysis, the principal compound in AE was celidoniol (8.72 %). Accordingto the results of hemolytic assay, the AE showed non-toxic behavior upto 500 μg/ml.Conclusion: The present investigation represents T. arjuna as an incredible herb. The AE was found to possess promising antibacterial and antioxidantproperties.Keywords: Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Terminalia arjuna, Chemical composition, Cytotoxicity.

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Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activities of Novel Sulfonamides Derived through Condensation of Amino Group Containing Drugs, Amino Acids, and Their Analogs

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/938486 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Muhammad Abdul Qadir ◽

Mahmood Ahmed ◽

Muhammad Iqbal

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Spectral Analysis ◽

New Products ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Amino Group ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

E Coli ◽

Ft Ir

Novel sulfonamides were developed and structures of the new products were confirmed by elemental and spectral analysis (FT-IR, ESI-MS,1HNMR, and13CNMR). In vitro, developed compounds were screened for their antibacterial activities against medically important gram (+) and gram (−) bacterial strains, namely,S. aureus,B. subtilis,E. coli, andK. pneumoniae. The antibacterial activities have been determined by measuring MIC values (μg/mL) and zone of inhibitions (mm). Among the tested compounds, it was found that compounds 5a and 9a have most potent activity againstE. coliwith zone of inhibition:31±0.12 mm (MIC: 7.81 μg/mL) and30±0.12 mm (MIC: 7.81 μg/mL), respectively, nearly as active as ciprofloxacin (zone of inhibition:32±0.12 mm). In contrast, all the compounds were totally inactive against the gram (+)B. subtilis.

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In vitro antimicrobial activity of marbofloxacin and enrofloxacin against bacterial strains isolated from companion animals

Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde ◽

10.1024/0036-7281.149.6.265 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 149 (6) ◽

pp. 265-271 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A. M. Farca ◽

P. Cavana ◽

P. Robino ◽

P. Nebbia

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Companion Animals ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity

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Preliminary in Vitro Investigations on The Inhibitory Activity of The Original Dietary Supplement Oxidal® on Pathogenic Bacterial Strains

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE ◽

10.24297/jaa.v11i.8693 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 37-43

Author(s):

Prof. Teodora P. Popova ◽

Toshka Petrova ◽

Ignat Ignatov ◽

Stoil Karadzhov

Keyword(s):

Dietary Supplement ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Clinical Effectiveness ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Microbial Strains

The antimicrobial action of the dietary supplement Oxidal® was tested using the classic Bauer and Kirby agar-gel diffusion method. Clinical and reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were used in the studies. The tested dietary supplement showed a well-pronounced inhibitory effect against the microbial strains commensurable with that of the broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic agent Enrofloxacin and showed even higher activity than the broad spectrum antibiotic Thiamphenicol. The proven inhibitory effect of the tested dietary supplement against the examined pathogenic bacteria is in accordance with the established clinical effectiveness standards for antimicrobial agents.

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