scholarly journals Integrated Approach for Building Extraction from InSAR and Optical Image using Object Oriented Analysis Technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Bikash Kumar Karna ◽  
Ashutosh Bhardawaj
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Fuzzy Membership Function ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Building Extraction ◽  
Object Oriented Analysis

Building extraction in built-up area is of great interest for visualization, simulation and monitoring urban landscape which is used for town/city planning as well as regional planning. Building extraction in urban areas based on merely a single high resolution optical data is often hard to conduct and to improve quality of building detection with consistency, completeness and correctness. Optical images are one of the major sources of individual building extraction from orthoimage but most of these do not produce anticipated result especially to building’s shape and outlines in dense urban environment. Extraction of objects from InSAR images is a complicated phenomenon for interpretability due to side looking geometry and effects of layover, foreshortening, shadowing and multi bounce scattering. In this study, buildings and building blocks are extracted from fusion of optical and InSAR data using object oriented analysis (OOA) technique. The improvement of building footprint has done with rectangular fit for building hypothesis and building height from normalized digital surface model (nDSM) based on fuzzy membership function. The results of building extraction has found reasonably good and accurate in planned urban layouts. The quality of building extraction has highly dependent on settlement density, contrast and other image characteristics.Nepalese Journal on Geoinformatics -13, 2014, Page: 16-23

scholarly journals EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE OF RECONSTRUCTION OF MODEL DWELLING-HOUSES IS IN THE HISTORICALLY FORMED ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 295-305
Author(s):  
Jurij Sepjogin ◽  
Iryna Novosad
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Historic District ◽  
European Cities ◽  
European Experience ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
The City ◽  
Mass Construction

The article discusses the analysis of reconstruction of typical residential houses in the historically formed environment of European countries. Analyzing the zoning plans of European cities, it is possible to identify the main territorial areas, namely: the historic district, adjacent to the historic district and the outskirts of the city. All urban areas are formed from compositional solutions formed from residential and public buildings.The era of industrialization and typification has led to mass construction of model dwellings and these houses are the main building blocks of European cities such as: Czech Republic, Germany former GDR, Poland, Slovakia, Russia. Typical houses had stages in their development, reflecting the age of the time, politics, development of science and technology, and they are the historical environment. Industrial residential houses had stages in their development, each stage made adjustments with each decade improved planning solutions, increased floors, changed frontal and volumetric composition of the building. To date, the operational qualities of typical dwellings have become unusable and the need for reconstruction has come to an end. In order to learn about methods and techniques for improving the quality of reconstruction, the authors made an analysis of European cities: Czech Republic and Germany. The article analyzes reconstructed dwellings, techniques and methods by which the quality of volume-spatial and planning solutions was improved. The main techniques that were used in the reconstruction were identified: floor superstructure, extension of loggias and terraces, balconies; installation of additional volumes between apartment houses, re-planning of entrance group, the device of the elevator; warming of facades; replacement of window and door blocks; use of supergraphics. The article also proves that reconstruction and modernization is the only method by which it is possible to improve the quality of dwellings.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Affecting Elements on the Quality of Life and Human Well-Being in Congested Urban Centers; Case Study: Sulaymaniah City

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Othman Mohammed ◽  
Hoshyar Rasul
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
North East ◽  
The City

This Study is an empiric- analytical research in city planning discipline was conducted in Sulaymaniyah city from Dec. 2015 until July 2017. Geographically Sulaymaniah situates north-east of Republic of Iraq. Like many other urban centers, Sulaymaniyah city as one of the congested urban areas in Kurdistan Region, is almost over populated and congested, resulting in accumulated problems in health-, economical-, services, technical-, social- and planning affairs, which leads to permanent degrading of the natural, and social environment and thus impact on the quality of life, Thus the main concern of this study is firstly finding out the reasons facts indeed responsible for the above described unsatisfied situations and then try to answer the questions whether planning methods (if any) manage to prepare answers to these urgent problems overwhelming the city? The study believes that the cardinal reasons for this situation are the effects of combinations of triple facts, namely: the exponential growth of human population in general- and accompanied problems-, the destroyed balance between rural and urban areas and the political vision of administrative machinery that focus on urban centers by neglecting countryside. The cumulative effect of these facts could be observed in form of many distinctive and at the same time interlocking elements leads to the problems that mentioned above. Among many elements involving, the study handles, analyzes and discusses only the elements indeed responsible for destroying the visual, physical and health conditions of the city inhabitants in Sulaymaniyah. Used criterion in determining these elements are the terms: active element, Passive Element, Critical element, and buffer element, which give the adequate answer to the arise questions.

scholarly journals PEMBERDAYAAN PEKERJA MIGRAN: SUATU KONSEPSI MENGHAPUS MASALAH KESEJAHTERAAN SOSIAL DI KELURAHAN PRAWIRODIRJAN (Empowering of Migrant Workers: A Conception for Eliminating Social Welfare Problems in Prawirodirjan)

Sosio Informa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Karinina
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Physical Infrastructure ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City ◽  
Problem Drug

Actually, a serious program for poverty alleviation has been started since the last five years. Ta alleviate poverty problem especially in urban areas should not be focused on physical infrastructure development alone. it should be considering the dimension of social development to make urban development to be more harmony. Poverty alleviation is almost considered as the ultimate goals of the city planning, and this problem caused by the process of urbanization.Contemporary social problems in urban areas such as financial assistant for the poor, adolescent problem, drug abuse, criminality, prosti tution, social dysfunction, social cinflict, etc. Efforts to prevent these problems are needed; and improvement the quality of life of migrant workers should be the priority for the government of the municipalities. Regarding these problems, results of the the research in Keluraban Prawirodirjan found evidences that the empowerement program directed to migrant workers resulting a good lessons lerned for us.

scholarly journals EXPLOITATION OF DIGITAL SURFACE MODELS GENERATED FROM WORLDVIEW-2 DATA FOR SAR SIMULATION TECHNIQUES

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-1/W1 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
R. Ilehag ◽  
S. Auer ◽  
P. d’Angelo
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Building Extraction ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Surface Models ◽  
Geometric Knowledge ◽  
Optimized Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Airborne Sensors

GeoRaySAR, an automated SAR simulator developed at DLR, identifies buildings in high resolution SAR data by utilizing geometric knowledge extracted from digital surface models (DSMs). Hitherto, the simulator has utilized DSMs generated from LiDAR data from airborne sensors with pre-filtered vegetation. Discarding the need for pre-optimized model input, DSMs generated from high resolution optical data (acquired with WorldView-2) are used for the extraction of building-related SAR image parts in this work. An automatic preprocessing of the DSMs has been developed for separating buildings from elevated vegetation (trees, bushes) and reducing the noise level. Based on that, automated simulations are triggered considering the properties of real SAR images. <br><br> Locations in three cities, Munich, London and Istanbul, were chosen as study areas to determine advantages and limitations related to WorldView-2 DSMs as input for GeoRaySAR. Beyond, the impact of the quality of the DSM in terms of building extraction is evaluated as well as evaluation of building DSM, a DSM only containing buildings. The results indicate that building extents can be detected with DSMs from optical satellite data with various success, dependent on the quality of the DSM as well as on the SAR imaging perspective.

The contribution of a spring water source to the water needs of the botanical garden of the University of Coimbra

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1410-1418
Author(s):  
H. Simão ◽  
J. A. Sá Marques ◽  
H. Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

In general, cities have developed and expanded in places where natural and environmental conditions were the most favourable, and they can only continue to prosper by conserving the natural resources that are the drivers of their wealth and quality of life. Four out of five European citizens live in urban areas and the quality of life is greatly influenced by the urban environment. Here, gardens, parks and green open spaces improve air quality and reduce the impact of stormwater events by reducing the value of the runoff coefficient; they offer lower temperatures in hot urban islands and represent habitats for biodiversity. Gardens in many cities, such as our case study of Coimbra, were initially built for decorative, architectural, and leisure purposes, or with specific academic goals in mind, but their size or urban relevance often made them important factors in city planning and resources' sustainability, as well as for the wellbeing of their citizens. Sustainable water management in urban areas involves promoting rational water use, and also the identification of strategic reserves to deal with droughts when they occur. By improving the management of the urban water cycle as a whole a more efficient use of resources can be achieved, providing not only economic benefits but also improving social and environmental outcomes. Because water is a limited and scarce resource it must be used in gardens in an efficient and sustainable way. For this reason grasses, trees, shrubs and flower beds must be provided only with enough water to satisfy their needs. Using the Landscape Coefficient Formula, the amount of water needed for irrigation can be expressed as a percentage of reference evapotranspiration (ET0). The value of evapotranspiration should be adjusted to best meet the water demands of a given assortment of plant species. In this paper we present a study performed at the Botanical Garden of the University of Coimbra (BGUC). Monthly and annual levels of precipitation were evaluated along with the air temperature and evapotranspiration to determine the climatological water balance through water shortages and surpluses. The results were compared with the levels of water consumption (from the water supply and spring water collector) and the efficiency of irrigation was assessed, adjusted for plant type, enabling the identification of procedures and opportunities to maximize the efficient use and sustainable management of water.

scholarly journals An Efficient Multi-Sensor Remote Sensing Image Clustering in Urban Areas via Boosted Convolutional Autoencoder (BCAE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2501
Author(s):  
Maryam Rahimzad ◽  
Saeid Homayouni ◽  
Amin Alizadeh Naeini ◽  
Saeed Nadi
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Feature Learning ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Image Clustering ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Discrimination Power ◽  
Urban Image ◽  
Convolutional Autoencoder

High-resolution urban image clustering has remained a challenging task. This is mainly because its performance strongly depends on the discrimination power of features. Recently, several studies focused on unsupervised learning methods by autoencoders to learn and extract more efficient features for clustering purposes. This paper proposes a Boosted Convolutional AutoEncoder (BCAE) method based on feature learning for efficient urban image clustering. The proposed method was applied to multi-sensor remote-sensing images through a multistep workflow. The optical data were first preprocessed by applying a Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) transformation. Then, these MNF features, in addition to the normalized Digital Surface Model (nDSM) and vegetation indexes such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Excess Green (ExG(2)), were used as the inputs of the BCAE model. Next, our proposed convolutional autoencoder was trained to automatically encode upgraded features and boost the hand-crafted features for producing more clustering-friendly ones. Then, we employed the Mini Batch K-Means algorithm to cluster deep features. Finally, the comparative feature sets were manually designed in three modes to prove the efficiency of the proposed method in extracting compelling features. Experiments on three datasets show the efficiency of BCAE for feature learning. According to the experimental results, by applying the proposed method, the ultimate features become more suitable for clustering, and spatial correlation among the pixels in the feature learning process is also considered.

Adding rigour to object-oriented analysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M.D. Moreira ◽  
Robert G. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Object Oriented ◽  
Object Oriented Analysis

Spatial Autocorrelation in the Study of Neighbourhoods towards Smart Cities: Empirical Evidence from Kerman, Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Asra Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Moran’S I ◽  
Moran's I ◽  
Urban Planner ◽  
Universal Feature ◽  
Autocorrelation Method ◽  
Selection Of

From earliest cities to the present, spatial division into residential zones and neighbourhoods is the universal feature of urban areas. This study explored issue of measuring neighbourhoods through spatial autocorrelation method based on Moran's I index in respect of achieving to best neighbourhoods' model for forming cities smarter. The research carried out by selection of 35 neighbourhoods only within central part of traditional city of Kerman in Iran. The results illustrate, 75% of neighbourhoods' area in the inner city of Kerman had clustered pattern, and it shows reduction in Moran's index is associated with disproportional distribution of density and increasing in Moran's I and Z-score have monotonic relation with more dense areas and clustered pattern. It may be more efficient for urban planner to focus on spatial autocorrelation to foster neighbourhood cohesion rather than emphasis on suburban area. It is recommended characteristics of historic neighbourhoods can be successfully linked to redevelopment plans toward making city smarter, and also people's quality of life can be related to the way that neighbourhoods' patterns are defined. 

Quality indicator of the smart city transportation and logistics system

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2116-2135
Author(s):  
G.V. Savin
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Organization And Management

Subject. The article considers functioning and development of process flows of transportation and logistics system of a smart city. Objectives. The study identifies factors and dependencies of the quality of human life on the organization and management of stream processes. Methods. I perform a comparative analysis of previous studies, taking into account the uniquely designed results, and the econometric analysis. Results. The study builds multiple regression models that are associated with stream processes, highlights interdependent indicators of temporary traffic and pollution that affect the indicator of life quality. However, the identified congestion indicator enables to predict the time spent in traffic jams per year for all participants of stream processes. Conclusions. The introduction of modern intelligent transportation systems as a component of the transportation and logistics system of a smart city does not fully solve the problems of congestion in cities at the current rate of urbanization and motorization. A viable solution is to develop cooperative and autonomous intelligent transportation systems based on the logistics approach. This will ensure control over congestion, the reduction of which will contribute to improving the life quality of people in urban areas.

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