scholarly journals Micropropagation and Comparative Study of Chemical Components of Essential Oils of in-vitro and in-vivo Grown Mentha spicata L.

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
B. R. Paudel ◽  
B. Pant
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Shoot Culture ◽  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Mentha Spicata

Axenic shoot culture of Mentha spicata L. was established from young shoots of the plant naturally growing in the field. Large number of multiple shoots were observed on MS media supplemented with NAA (0.5ppm) and BAP (1ppm) within eight weeks of culture. Extensive root formation was observed on MS medium supplemented with 1 ppm NAA. Essential oils from both in vitro and in vivo samples showed l- carvone as a major constituent, however, the in vitro samples showed higher concentration of menthol than in vivo samples. <i>Nepal Journal of Science and Technology</i> Vol. 7, 2006

Evaluation of Lavandula stoechas L. subsp. stoechas L., Mentha spicata L. subsp. spicata L. essential oils and their main components against sinusitis pathogens

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nursenem Karaca ◽  
Betül Demirci ◽  
Fatih Demirci
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Lavandula Stoechas ◽  
Main Components

Abstract Lavandula stoechas subsp. stoechas and Mentha spicata subsp. spicata are used for the treatment of sinusitis in Turkish folk medicine. The components of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation were determined by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Major components of L. stoechas and M. spicata oils were determined as camphor (46.7%) and carvone (60.6%), respectively. The antibacterial activity of essential oils and their main components were tested against the common selected sinusitis pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using in vitro agar diffusion, microdilution, and vapor diffusion methods. As a result, the tested plant materials, which are locally and natively used against sinusitis, were relatively mild antibacterial (in vitro MICs 310–1250 μg/mL) in action. To use essential oils and their components safely in sinusitis therapy, further detailed in vivo experiments are needed to support their efficacy.

scholarly journals Regeneration of Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. using in vitro nodes: an alternative method for efficient multiplication of shoots

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 10831
Author(s):  
Ashutosh R. PATHAK ◽  
Aruna G. JOSHI
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Nodal Explant ◽  
Mass Propagation ◽  
Hemidesmus Indicus ◽  
Full Strength ◽  
Alternative Method

In vivo nodes of Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. induced healthy multiple shoots with branching in our earlier studies and thus in the present study, potency of in vitro nodes to regenerate shoots was evaluated. In vitro nodes were excised from eight-week-old shoots and placed in Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium fortified with sucrose (3%) and different concentrations of 6-benzyladenine (BA) and kinetin (Kn). After eight weeks, optimum of 5.42 ± 0.36 shoots with 100% response were regenerated in medium supplemented with BA (10 µM) and Kn (5 µM). These healthy shoots were placed in full, half and quarter strengths of liquid MS medium fortified with sucrose (1%) and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA, 1-25 µM) for rooting. Among all the strengths of MS medium, full strength MS medium having 8 µM NAA formed maximum of 3.42 ± 0.55 roots (91.67% response) within four weeks. The protocol is in continuation with earlier study and it was confirmed that a single in vivo nodal explant can regenerate around 385 healthy elongated shoots within 4 months, which will help in mass-propagation of the species.

scholarly journals Direct Organogenesis from Rhizome Explants in Marsilea quadrifolia L.: A Threatened Fern Species

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahipal S. Shekhawat ◽  
M. Manokari
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Direct Organogenesis ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Full Strength ◽  
Marsilea Quadrifolia ◽  
Fern Species ◽  
Half Strength

An efficient micropropagation protocol has been developed for Marsilea quadrifolia L. through direct organogenesis. The mature rhizomes were used as explants and successfully sterilized using 0.1% HgCl2 for the establishment of cultures. The multiple shoots were differentiated from the explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium augmented with 6-benzylaminopurin (BAP). Full strength MS medium was reported to be effective for the induction of sporophytes from the rhizomes after four weeks of inoculation. Maximum response (96%) with average of 6.2 shoots (2.72 cm length) was achieved on full strength of MS medium augmented with 0.5 mg/L BAP in culture initiation experiments. The cultures were further proliferated in clusters (79.0±0.37 shoots per explant) with stunted growth on half strength MS medium supplemented with 0.25 mg/L BAP after four weeks. These stunted shoots were elongated (5.30 cm long) on half MS medium devoid of growth hormones. Root induction and proliferation (3.0–4.0 cm long) were observed after 4th subculture of sporophytes on hormone-free half strength MS medium. The rooted plantlets were hardened in the fern house for 4-5 weeks and transferred to the field with 92% survival rate. There were no observable differences in between in vivo grown and in vitro propagated plantlets in the field.

scholarly journals New protocol of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in vitro propagation

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Gharbia H. Danial ◽  
Diaa A. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
Regenerated Plants

Introduction: A successful in vitro propagation system was developed for Sandra and Rocky cultivars of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) commonly grown in Kurdistan Region of Iraq by in vitro culture of shoot tips and node explants. Methods: Shoot tip and node explants were excised and cultured on basal MS medium containing several concentrations of BAP and Zeatin. Results: Multiple shoots formation of up to 2 shoots were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mgl-1 Zeatin in node and shoot explants for the two cultivars. Microshoots were tested for root initiation on full MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of IBA, NAA and IAA. The best root formation was observed on a medium containing 1.0 mgl-1 IAA in Sandra cultivar and 0.5 mgl-1 of NAA in rocky cultivar. Conclusion: The regenerated plants were successfully acclimatized and transplanted to the open field conditions.

scholarly journals Essential Oils as Natural Fungicides to Control Rhizopus stolonifer-Induced Spoiled of Strawberries

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 13244-13251
Author(s):  
Josemar Gonçalves Oliveira Filho ◽  
Guilherme da Cruz Silva ◽  
Mariana Buranelo Egea ◽  
Henriette Monteiro Cordeiro de Azeredo ◽  
Marcos David Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration

Strawberry is a highly desirable fruit with a unique taste and a good source of bioactive compounds beneficial to human health. However, it has a short post-harvest shelf life, mainly due to the soft rot caused by Rhizopus stolonifer. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of essential oils (EOs) of Mentha piperita, Cymbopogon martinii, Cinnamomum camphora, and Mentha spicata using spore germination and micro-well dilution assays, and to test the effects of the vapor-phase application of M. spicata and C. martini on the incidence and severity of soft rot in strawberry artificially inoculated with R. stolonifer. In in vitro tests, C. martinii and M. spicata EOs were the most effective, inhibiting more than 95% of the spore germination. Additionally, in the microwell dilution test, these EOs had the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) (5 and 10 μg/mL, respectively), and for the microwell dilution test, the lowest MIC (5 μg/mL and 10 μg/mL, respectively) and MFC (10 μg/mL for both). High in vivo inhibitory effects of M. spicata and C. martinii EOs were observed at 10% concentration, with 100 and 78% reduction, respectively, in the R. stolonifer-induced spoilage. Our results suggest that C. martinii and M. spicata EOs can be used as efficient natural fungicides and can be an alternative to synthetic fungicides for preserving fresh strawberries from soft rot.

scholarly journals Organogenesis and Ultrastructural Features ofIn VitroGrownCanna indicaL.

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharifah Nurashikin Wafa ◽  
Rosna Mat Taha ◽  
Sadegh Mohajer ◽  
Noraini Mahmad ◽  
Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed Abdul
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Canna Indica ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Complete Plant ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Rhizome Explants

An efficient protocol for micropropagation ofCanna indicaL., an economically and pharmaceutically important plant, was standardized using rhizome explants, excised from two-month-old aseptic seedlings. Complete plant regeneration was induced on MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/L BAP plus 1.5 mg/L NAA, which produced the highest number of shoots (73.3 ± 0.5%) and roots (86.7 ± 0.4%) after 2 weeks. Furthermore, the optimum media for multiple shoots regeneration were recorded on MS enriched with 7.0 mg/L BAP (33.0 ± 0.5%). Plantlets obtained were transplanted to pots after two months and acclimatized in the greenhouse, with 75% survival. In addition, ultrastructural studies showed that rhizomes ofin vitrogrown specimens were underdeveloped compared to thein vivospecimens, possibly due to the presence of wide spaces. Meanwhile, the leaves ofin vivospecimens had more open stomata compared toin vitrospecimens, yet their paracytic stomata structures were similar. Hence, there were no abnormalities or major differences betweenin vitroregenerants and mother plants.

scholarly journals Preliminary study on in vitro shoot culture of Hibiscus coddii subsp. barnardii, an indigenous South African flowering plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-416
Author(s):  
Helena Jacoba du Plessis ◽  
Roumiana Vassileva Nikolova ◽  
Bronwyn Anne Egan ◽  
Riana Kleynhans
Keyword(s):  
Callus Formation ◽  
Shoot Culture ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
In Vitro Cultures ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Short Shoots

Abstract In vivo and in vitro grown plants of Hibiscus coddii subsp. barnardii were used as explant source for establishment of in vitro cultures. Nodal shoot explants derived from in vivo grown plants, both naturally and under controlled environmental conditions, showed high sensitivity to the surface disinfection treatment and poor survival in in vitro culture. In vitro grown seedlings proved successful as aseptic source of apical and basal shoot explants to establish contamination-free in vitro cultures. Sprouting of axillary buds was observed on 90% of apical shoot explants after four weeks of culture on full strength, plant growth regulator (PGR)-free Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. However, further proliferation of short shoots, limited to the bud sprout at the explant base, occurred on only 50% of these explants. In contrast, all basal shoot explants attained 3-5 single primary axillary shoots (30-40 mm in length) while a clump of short (5-10 mm) shoots also formed at the base in 60% of these explants. In both explant types, addition of 0.25-1 mg L-1 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) to the MS medium resulted in a low frequency (10%-60%) of explants with short shoots (5-10 mm) that showed no further elongation. Moreover, explants cultured in the presence of BAP showed a high frequency of callus formation (up to 90%) and low survival (20%-60%). A lower frequency of callus formation (30%-40%) and higher survival (90%-100%) of both explant types occurred on BAP-free medium. Further subculturing of primary and secondary axillary shoots onto fresh MS medium (with and without BAP) did not improve shoot multiplication. Regenerated plantlets from PGR-free MS medium were successfully acclimatized and hardened-off.

THE ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS OBTAINED FROM SPECIES AND INTERSPECIES HYBRIDS OF THE Mentha GENUS AGAINST SELECTED PLANT PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Schollenberger ◽  
Tomasz M. Staniek ◽  
Elżbieta Paduch-Cichal ◽  
Beata Dasiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Gadomska-Gajadhur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Interspecies Hybrids

Plant essential oils of six aromatic herb species and interspecies hybrids of the family Lamiaceae – chocolate mint (Mentha piperita × ‘Chocolate’), pineapple mint (Mentha suaveolens ‘Variegata’), apple mint (Mentha × rotundifolia), spearmint (Mentha spicata), orange mint (Mentha × piperita ‘Granada’) and strawberry mint (Mentha × villosa ‘Strawberry’) – were investigated for antimicrobial effects against plant pathogenic bacteria: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. corylina. The screening was carried out in vitro on agar plates filled with the target organism. All essential oils screened exhibited a higher level of antibacterial activity against A. tumefaciens and X. arboricola pv. corylina than streptomycin used as a standard in all tests. The antimicrobial effect of streptomycin and five mint oils was at the same level for P. syringae pv. syringae. There were no significant differences in the influence of the chocolate mint oil on the growth inhibition of all bacteria tested. Plant essential oils from pineapple mint, apple mint, spearmint and strawberry mint showed the weakest antimicrobial activity against P. syringae pv. syringae and the strongest towards A. tumefaciens and X. arboricola pv. corylina. The essential oils from strawberry mint, pineapple mint, spearmint and apple mint had the strongest effect on A. tumefaciens, and the lowest inhibitory activity was exhibited by the chocolate mint and orange mint essential oils. X. arboricola pv. corylina was the most sensitive to the strawberry mint, pineapple mint and spearmint oils. The chocolate mint oil showed the greatest activity against P. syringae pv. syringae.

67 Current Status and Future Prospective of the Use of Plant Bioactive Compounds in Dairy and Beef Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 132-132
Author(s):  
Sergio Calsamiglia ◽  
Maria Rodriguez-Prado ◽  
Gonzalo Fernandez-Turren ◽  
Lorena Castillejos
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In the last 20 years there has been extensive in vitro research on the effects of plant extracts and essential oils on rumen microbial fermentation. The main objectives have been to improve energy metabolism through a reduction in methane emissions and an increase in propionate production; and to improve protein metabolism by reducing proteolysis and deamination. While the positive results from in vitro studies has stimulated the release of commercial products based on blends of essential oils, there is limited in vivo evidence on the rumen fermentation and production performance effects. A literature search was conducted to select in vivo studies where information on rumen fermentation and animal performance was reported. For dairy cattle, we identified 37 studies of which 21 were adequate to test production performance. Ten studies reported increases and 3 decreases in milk yield. For beef cattle, we identified 20 studies with rumen fermentation profile and 22 with performance data. Average daily gain improved in 7 and decreased in 1 study. Only 1 out of 16 studies reported an improvement in feed efficiency. Data indicate that out of more than 500 products tested in vitro, only around 20 have been tested in vivo in different mixtures and doses. The use of statistical approaches will allow to describe the conditions, doses and responses in dairy and beef cattle performance. The search for postruminal effects offers another alternative use. Evidence for effects on the intestinal and systemic effects on the immune system and antioxidant status (i.e., capsicum, garlic, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde curcuma, catechins, anethol or pinene), and in the modulation of metabolic regulation (capsicum, cinnamaldehyde, curcuma or garlic) may open the opportunity for future applications. However, stability of the product in the GI tract, description of the mechanisms of action and the impact of these changes on performance needs to be further demonstrated.

scholarly journals In vitro multiplication, micromorphological studies and ex vitro rooting of Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F. Muell. – a rare medicinal plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahipal S. Shekhawat ◽  
M. Manokari
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Culture Bottle ◽  
Hybanthus Enneaspermus ◽  
Half Strength

AbstractHybanthus enneaspermusis a rare medicinal plant. We defined a protocol for micropropagation,ex vitrorooting of cloned shoots and their acclimatization. Surface-sterilized nodal segments were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and kinetin (Kin). Medium supplemented with 1.5 mg L−1BAP was found optimum for shoot induction from the explants and 6.4±0.69 shoots were regenerated from each node with 97% response. Shoots were further proliferated maximally (228±10.3 shoots per culture bottle with 7.5±0.43 cm length) on MS medium augmented with 1.0 mg L−1each of BAP and Kin within 4–5 weeks. The shoots were rootedin vitroon half strength MS medium containing 2.0 mg L−1indole-3 butyric acid (IBA). The cloned shoots were pulse-treated with 300 mg L–1 of IBA and cultured on soilrite® in a greenhouse. About 96% of the IBA-pulsed shoots rootedex vitroin soilrite®, each shoot producing 12.5±0.54 roots with 5.1±0.62 cm length. Theex vitrorooted plantlets showed a better rate of survival (92%) in a field study thanin vitrorooted plantlets (86%). A comparative foliar micromorphological study ofH. enneaspermuswas conducted to understand the micromorphological changes during plant developmental processes fromin vitrotoin vivoconditions in terms of variations in stomata, vein structures and spacing, and trichomes. This is the first report onex vitrorooting inH. enneaspermusand the protocol can be exploited for conservation and large-scale propagation of this rare and medicinally important plant.

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