scholarly journals Understanding bats as a host of different viruses and Nepal's vulnerability on bat viruses

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Pushpa Raj Acharya ◽  
Kishor Pandey
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
First Century ◽  
Viral Challenge ◽  
Virus Safety ◽  
Bat Conservation ◽  
Bush Meat ◽  
Human World ◽  
Viral Outbreak ◽  
Nyctalus Noctula

Bats maintain and transmit many viruses (Filoviruses, Rubulaviruses, Henipaviruses, Lyssaviruses, and Coronaviruses etc.); most of them are pathogenic to human but bats act as reservoir host without causing any pathogenesis. Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a twenty-first-century awakening for the human world that signifies the zoonotic viral challenge. Bats fauna are suspected to originate viral outbreaks through solid evidence that is lacking worldwide. The bats like Pteropus giganteus, Rousettus leschenaultii, Eonycteris spealea, Rhinolophus sinicus, R. affinis, R. ferremequinum, Nyctalus noctula, and Scotophillus sp. are reported for viral evidence that are also extended to Nepal's geography. Bats bush-meat culture persist in Chepang community of Nepal indicates a high risk of a zoonotic viral outbreak in the future. Though Nepal has no evidence of any viral outbreak until the COVID-19 pandemic situation, precaution is warned for bat conservation and bat roost management to ensure bat virus safety.

scholarly journals Animal Oppression and Solidarity: Examining Representations of Animals and Their Allies in Twenty-First Century Media

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-109
Author(s):  
Tayler Zavitz ◽  
Corie Kielbiski
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Popular Media ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
First Century ◽  
Complex Media ◽  
Animal Suffering ◽  
Award Winning ◽  
Human World ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Literature And Film

Popular media, both literature and film, provide a location in which animal suffering, resistance and solidarity are finally visible. An examination of Bong Joon-ho’s award-winning film Okja (2017) and Karen Joy Fowler’s New York Timesbest-selling novel We Are All Completely Beside Ourselves (2013) reveals complex media representations of animals that highlight the significance of twenty-first century media in depicting the animal in the human world.

How Linguists can Help Native Communities

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denny Moore ◽  
Ana Galucio
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
First Century ◽  
Recent Survey ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
Risk Of Extinction ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Very High ◽  
Low Rate

Anthropological linguists can be of great practical use to native communities in Brazil. The serious danger of language extinction has become widely recognized, especially after Michael Krauss' 1992 estimate that, without any intervention, 90% of the world's languages could become extinct in the twenty-first century, compared with 10% of the mammal species and 5% of the birds. A recent survey in Brazil indicated that 42 out of about 160 native languages are at very high risk of extinction, as measured by the low number of competent speakers or the low rate of language transmission to the younger generations.

Geographical distribution ofAngiostrongylus vasorumin foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in the Republic of Ireland

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
pp. 588-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. MCCARTHY ◽  
M. FERRAND ◽  
T. DE WAAL ◽  
A. ZINTL ◽  
G. MCGRATH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Republic

SUMMARYThe reported incidence of the metastrongylid nematodeAngiostrongylus vasorum, that infects dogs and other canids, is increasing worldwide outside recognized endemic foci. This apparent expansion of the parasite's range is causing concern to veterinary clinicians as the disease caused in dogs can be life threatening and its treatment is not straightforward. The red fox is thought to be a reservoir host for dogs. To investigate the spatial distribution of infection in foxes in Ireland, the hearts and lungs of 542 foxes from all over Ireland were examined. The incidence of infection was found to be 39·9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 35·7–44·1] with positive samples occurring in each of the country's 26 counties. This report confirms that the parasite is endemic in Ireland and the overall prevalence is the second highest in Europe. This is the first survey ofA. vasoruminfection in Irish foxes and highlights the potential exposure of the Irish dog population to high risk of cross-infection. Additionally,Crenosoma vulpiswas found in seven of the foxes, a parasite not previously reported in the Irish fox.

scholarly journals Material Engagements: Science Studies and the Environmental Humanities

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy Alaimo
Keyword(s):  
Science Studies ◽  
Empty Space ◽  
Natural World ◽  
First Century ◽  
Environmental Humanities ◽  
Environmental Movements ◽  
Current Image ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Human World ◽  
Siglo Xx

Key words: materiality, natural world, humanities, ethical ecocriticism, agency In the twentieth century the principle tendency has been to denigrate the value of non-human nature.  In this sense, scientific studies can help recover the materiality of the natural world for research in the humanities, especially when dealing with ecocriticism. Our current image of the environment has been deprived of its living beings and turned into an empty space at the disposal of humans. Natural sciences can provide theoretical and methodological models which can advance ethical and political projects of ecocriticism and encourage research that would consider the materiality of the non-human world, thereby restoring entity to the natural world. Twenty-first century environmental movements need to view the material and natural world as subjects with agency and not take for granted that these exist “somewhere out there.” Palabras clave: materia, naturaleza no humana, humanidades, ética ecocrítica,  agencia  En el siglo XX la tendencia fundamental hacia el medioambiente fue la de menospreciar el valor de la naturaleza no humana. En este sentido, los estudios científicos pueden ayudar a recuperar la materialidad del mundo natural para la investigación de las humanidades, especialmente en lo que concierne a la ecocrítica. El medioambiente actual ha sido privado de sus seres vivos y convertido en un espacio vacío a disposición del ser humano. Las ciencias naturales pueden aportar modelos teóricos y metodológicos que hagan avanzar los proyectos éticos y políticos de la ecocrítica, en definitiva, crear una investigación que considere la materialidad del mundo no humano: que devuelva entidad al mundo natural. Los movimientos medioambientalistas del siglo XXI deben contemplar el mundo material y natural como  sujeto agente, pues no se puede dar por sentado que éstos existen “por ahí, en alguna parte.” 

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES CONCERNING THE VIRUS SAFETY OF PASTEURIZED FIBRINOGEN

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Heimburger ◽  
P Fuhge ◽  
J Hilfenhaus ◽  
G Kumpe ◽  
H E Karges
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Tissue Adhesive ◽  
Virus Inactivation ◽  
Serum Hepatitis ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Virus Safety

Fibrinogen is available for substitution in afibrinogenaemic patientssince about 4 decades. However, it soon turned out that those concentrates bear a high risk of transmitting serum hepatitis. Over many years it was not possible to produce safe concentrates of fibrinogen. Hence, the therapy with this protein was limited to vital indications. We have now succeeded to stabilize fibrinogen inaqueous solution for pasteurization over 10 to 20 hours at 60°C.The efficacy of the virus inactivation was tested using various animal viruses. Following results were obtained.Tests in chimpanzees for hepatitis B safety revealed that this procedure inactivates and eliminates 105.2 CID50 of hepatitis B virus; HIV experiments are going on.By immunizing rabbits with the pasteurized fibrinogen and absorption of the antiserum obtained with the unpasteurized product, an exposition of neoantigens during heating in aqueous solution could be excluded. This result could be further confirmed using passive cutaneous anaphylaxis.The coagulability of the pasteurized fibrinogen is unchanged, compared to not pasteurized material. It iseasily soluble and can be used for both, i. v. infusion and as a tissue adhesive. The clinical tolerability is very good.

scholarly journals Material Excess and Deadly Dwelling in E.L. Doctorow’s Homer and Langley

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-113
Author(s):  
Anamaria Schwab
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
First Century ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Human World ◽  
Material Progress

Abstract In Homer and Langley, E.L. Doctorow’s 2009 novel of New York City, the author focuses on past Manhattan, which he sees as the epitome of his own self-destructive modern and contemporary society. I would argue that Doctorow acts here mainly to denounce excessive material culture in the context of egotistic, upper-class Manhattan dwelling at the end of the nineteenth century. I would also like to show that the novelist criticizes the idea of material progress along more than a hundred years, from the end of the nineteenth century, when the plot starts, to the beginning of the twenty-first century, when the novel was written. The self-contained, isolated world in the novel is the result of our society’s propensity for excessive production and consumption. At the same time, Homer and Langley brings to mind ideas of exhaustion of the human, who agrees to be literally replaced by objects. The fact that such a phenomenon occurs already at the end of the nineteenth century suggests that there might have never been a plenary moment of being human, as we have long entertained the closest possible relationship and even synthesis with the non-human world of objects and tools.

Becoming-unhinged: Walking with vulnerability as a methodology of co-creating and reconnecting new forms of knowledge and possibilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Henderson ◽  
Geraldine Burke ◽  
Sharryn Clarke ◽  
Helen Grimmett ◽  
Gloria Quinones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Full Moon ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Contemplative Practices ◽  
Production Of Knowledge ◽  
Human World ◽  
To Come ◽  
Text Images ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Land Water

This article explores the act of walking with vulnerability as a methodology of becoming-unhinged. As walking assemblage, we walk as an assemblage, becoming-unhinged through affective points of contact with the more-than-human world. We consider the act of walking-thinking as an act that forces thought to become-unhinged and, in that moment, permitting thought to come into contact with all kinds of affective points. We move through a dreaming-soulful practice of walking-thinking along coastal treks, with cows, with the moon, with vulnerability and with frames. The meeting of land/water, a full moon, a hillside cemetery, a sculpture park and the use of blindfolds and frames challenge perception- apprehension, while a series of written texts, movement, stillness and contemplative practices activate vulnerability. Our emerging texts speak back to twenty-first-century academia, challenging its normative production of knowledge through the co-creation and re-creation of text/images, producing knowledge differently and opening up possibilities.

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