scholarly journals Prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and its Associated Factors among Nepali Army Service Members and Veterans: 15 Years Post Insurgency

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-289
Author(s):  
Namrata Mahara Rawal ◽  
Monalisha Pradhan ◽  
Pradeep Manandhar ◽  
Suman Prasad Adhikari ◽  
Richa Amatya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Combat Exposure ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

Globally, mental health problems constitute a serious public health problem, contributing 14 % to the global burden of disease. The aim of this epidemiological study was to identify prevalence rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), factors associated and its relationship with combat exposure in a post-insurgency period in Nepali army personnel and Veterans. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 adults in 2021. In the study both quantitative and qualitative mixed approach with descriptive design was followed. The outcome measures used in the study were locally validated with PCL-M and combat exposure scale. Of the sample, 9 % met threshold for PTSD. The association of variable in reference to age, rank, education and service years with PTSD showed that Age group and Education in current study did not show significant association. However, PTSD with years of service and rank showed significant association. The study also showed a significant relationship between combat exposure and PTSD. There is a significant association between different level of education and combat exposure as well. Overall, the prevalence rates of PTSD in the sample are comparable to other studies conducted with populations affected by conflict and with refugees. However, the findings underscore the need to address the current mental health care awareness and resources in combatants who were exposed to traumatic events during combat in insurgency period. Traumatic exposure predicted increase in PTSD.

scholarly journals Impact of trauma on Palestinian children's mental health: lessons from the Gaza studies

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panos Vostanis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Internal Displacement ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Children Exposed To Violence

Children exposed to violence are at high risk of developing a range of mental health problems, predominantly post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression (Yule, 1999). Children in war zones can be affected not only directly but also indirectly, for example through their basic health needs not being met, the loss of family members, disruption of social networks, internal displacement and their parents’ responses.

Post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety in adult Syrian refugees: What do we know?

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 677-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma k. Peconga ◽  
Marie Høgh Thøgersen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

Background: The crisis in Syria has resulted in vast numbers of refugees seeking asylum in Syria’s neighboring countries and Europe. Refugees are at considerable risk of developing common mental disorders, including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Since the war, no systematic review has been conducted regarding the prevalence of these in the Syrian refugee group. Research is needed to develop strategies to improve the integration of Syrian refugees. Objective: This study provides a systematic review of peer-reviewed articles that feature originally collected data regarding the prevalence of post-traumatic stress, depression, and anxiety in adult Syrian refugees. Methods: The authors searched online databases (PsychInfo, PubMed, PILOTS) for peer-reviewed articles that used validated screening tools to provide mental health prevalence rate estimates in adult Syrian refugees. This article explores potential sources of heterogeneity, including individual risk factors such as demographic and environmental variables. Results: In total, 15 eligible studies provided cross-sectional data for 8176 adult Syrian refugees resettled in 10 countries, with significant variation in assessment and sampling methods. Combined, these studies indicate prevalence rates of 43.0% (range: 23.4–83.4%) for post-traumatic stress, 40.9% (range: 20–44.1%) for depression, and 26.6% (range: 19.30–31.8%) for anxiety morbidity in adult Syrian refugees. Larger and more rigorous surveys reported similar prevalence rates to studies with less rigorous designs, but vast heterogeneity in prevalence of morbidity persisted among all. Conclusions: Syrian refugees could be over 10 times more likely to develop post-traumatic stress and other disorders than the general population. Although there are limitations when comparing studies with different research methodologies, the results of this study suggest increased focus on adequate mental health support is necessary.

scholarly journals Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and somatisation in recently arrived refugees in Germany: an epidemiological study

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Nesterko ◽  
D. Jäckle ◽  
M. Friedrich ◽  
L. Holzapfel ◽  
H. Glaesmer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Health Care Planning ◽  
Post Traumatic

Abstract Aims Despite recent worldwide migratory movements, there are only a few studies available that report robust epidemiological data on the mental health in recent refugee populations. In the present study, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and somatisation were assessed using an epidemiological approach in refugees who have recently arrived in Germany from different countries. Methods The study was conducted in a reception facility for asylum-seekers in Leipzig, Germany. A total of 1316 adult individuals arrived at the facility during the survey period (May 2017–June 2018), 569 of whom took part in the study (N = 67 pilot study and N = 502 study sample; response rate 43.2%). The questionnaire (11 different languages) included sociodemographic and flight-related questions as well as standardised instruments for assessing PTSD (PCL-5), depression (PHQ-9) and somatisation (SSS-8). Unweighted and weighted prevalence rates of PTSD, depression and somatisation were presented stratified by sex and age groups. Results According to established cut-off scores, 49.7% of the respondents screened positive for at least one of the mental disorders investigated, with 31% suffering from somatisation, 21.7% from depression and 34.9% from PTSD; prevalence rates of major depression, other depressive syndromes and PTSD were calculated according to the DSM-5, which indicated rates of 10.3, 17.6 and 28.2%, respectively. Conclusions The findings underline the dramatic mental health burden present among refugees and provide important information for health care planning. They also provide important information for health care systems and political authorities in receiving countries and strongly indicate the necessity of establishing early psychosocial support for refugees suffering from psychological distress.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptomatology in People affected by Home Eviction in Spain

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humbelina Robles-Ortega ◽  
Pedro Guerra ◽  
Isis González-Usera ◽  
José Luis Mata-Martín ◽  
M. Carmen Fernández-Santaella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Ptsd Symptomatology

AbstractDespite the higher proportion of foreclosures and home evictions executed in Spain, compared to other countries, and the known link between social exclusion and mental health problems, studies exploring this association in Spain remain scarce. This study investigated the link between the process of home eviction and the appearance of symptomatology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, and perceived stress. Two hundred and five people affected by the process of home eviction were assessed using a structured interview that included three validated assessment instruments for PTSD, perceived stress, anxiety and depression. Analysis involved comparison with the normative groups that formed the validation studies together with regression analysis to determine the major psychological and socio-demographic predictors of perceived stress. Of the participants, 95.1% reported that they were experiencing the process of home eviction with fear, helplessness, or horror. In PTSD symptomatology, they scored higher than the normative PTSD group in symptoms of avoidance (t = 5.01; p < .05), activation (t = 5.48; p < .01), and total score (t = 4.15; p < .05). Of this subgroup, 72.5% fulfilled the DSM-IV symptom criteria for PTSD. The major predictor of perceived stress was PTSD symptomatology (B = .09; p < .001). The process of home eviction in Spain is having an alarming impact on mental health of affected people calling for effective measures to provide psychological and social support.

scholarly journals Treating Multiple Incident Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in an Inner City London Prison: The Need for an Evidence Base

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Campbell ◽  
Idit Albert ◽  
Manuela Jarrett ◽  
Majella Byrne ◽  
Anna Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Prison Setting ◽  
Post Traumatic

Background: Mental health problems have been found to be more prevalent in prison populations, and higher rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been found in sentenced populations compared to the general population. Evidence-based treatment in the general population however has not been transferred and empirically supported into the prison system. Aims: The aim of this manuscript is to illustrate how trauma focused work can be applied in a prison setting. Method: This report describes a two-phased approach to treating PTSD, starting with stabilization, followed by an integration of culturally appropriate ideas from narrative exposure therapy (NET), given that the traumas were during war and conflict, and trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (TF-CBT). Results: PTSD and scores on paranoia scales improved between start and end of treatment; these improvements were maintained at a 6-month follow-up. Conclusion: This case report1 illustrates successful treatment of multiple incident PTSD in a prison setting using adaptations to TF-CBT during a window of opportunity when individuals are more likely to be free from substances and live in relative stability. Current service provision and evidence-based practice for PTSD is urgently required in UK prisons to allow individuals to engage in opportunities to reduce re-offending, free from mental health symptoms.

scholarly journals Mental health and human trafficking: responding to survivors' needs

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukran Altun ◽  
Melanie Abas ◽  
Cathy Zimmerman ◽  
Louise M. Howard ◽  
Sian Oram
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

Mental health professionals have opportunities to intervene and provide care for trafficked people. Research shows that mental health problems – including depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder – are prevalent among trafficked people, and that at least some trafficked people come into contact with secondary mental health services in England.

scholarly journals Covid-19 Pandemic’s Impact on Mental Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-258
Author(s):  
Thalia Audina
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Mental Health Research ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Impact

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia, apart from having an impact on physical health, also has an impact on psychological or mental health. Psychological impacts during the pandemic include post-traumatic stress disorder,  depression,  anxiety,  frustration,  fear of infection, insomnia, and feeling helpless. Aim: This study was conducted to determine the impact of Covid-19 on mental health, as well as to find out strategies in dealing with these impacts so that they survive in the Covid-19 pandemic era. Methods: This study uses literature with the object of mental health research during the Covid-19 pandemic, several journal sources and related articles are reviewed and grouped. Results: This study shows that Covid-19 has an impact on mental health by people in various parts of the world. In Indonesia, mental health problems, such as anxiety, depression, trauma due to the Covid-19 pandemic are also being felt in real terms at this time. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has a major impact on mental health. The government's strategy and community participation are expected to be able to face mental health challenges due to the Covid-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Depression among Nepalese Combatants during Armed Insurgency

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
N Rawal ◽  
R Karki ◽  
DB Shrestha ◽  
P Manandhar ◽  
N Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Peace Process ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Combat Exposure ◽  
Conflict Situation ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

Introduction: Mental illness is major global public health problem affecting over 450 million people, most of whom live in developing countries. Nepal just overcame ten years long conflict situation. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression is most prevalent in conflict inflicted areas as per most literatures. Much is not known about the psychological effects of the conflict situation, even after six years of peace process in Nepalese context.Material and Method: This is a cross sectional descriptive study carried out to explore the prevalence of Post-traumatic stress disorder and Depression in Nepalese army combatants involved during the armed insurgency period and its relationship with different. It was conducted in two randomly selected battalions of tenth brigade in Kathmandu. The PTSD was assessed using Post traumatic stress disorder checklist - military version (PCL-M), depression was assessed using the Beck depression inventory (BDI) and degree of combat exposure was assessed using Combat exposure scale (CES). The quantitative assessment was done using appropriate methods and tools.Results The degree of combat exposure showed 48.8% exposed to moderate and above degree of combat exposure. PTSD was found in 21.9% of the combats and 20.5% were found to have depression. Both PTSD and depression were found to be associated with degree of combat exposure. There was statistically significant association between degree of combat exposure and PTSD (p= 0.001, 95% CI (1.567-6.303)) and depression (p=0.011, 95% CI (1.209-4.830)).Conclusion: PTSD and depression exists even six years after the peace process in Nepalese army and is related to the degree of combat exposure regardless of other attributes like age, sex, rank, marital status.J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol .6(1), 2017, p.24-28

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Violence and War: A Documental Exploratory Research

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S722-S723
Author(s):  
M.A. Dos Santos ◽  
R.D.C. Soares Junior
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionIn a globalized world, violence, present in all forms and everywhere, it is a serious public health problem. Violence and war lead to death and leave marks on the bodies and minds, and the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that may develop following exposure to a potential event traumatic.ResultsIn the 3-month period (January 2016 to April 2016), according to typological analysis of the journal cover, the following results were found: the type of prevailing violence was interpersonal, community, committed by a stranger (75%), followed by the violence of the economic type (16.7%), and finally interpersonal violence committed by partner (8.3%). Although not all cases have provided the number of people who perpetrated or suffered violence, most victims of violence were male (8), aged 3 months and 36 years, followed by 2 women, and as a perpetrator of violence the men were in excess (4 men) followed by one woman.DiscussionViolence and war are traumatic stressors and risk factors for PTSD which, in turn, is also a risk factor to perpetrate violence, such as domestic violence. The costs of violence are high and its routinization as a way of life has important effects on the mental health of population.ConsiderationsScientific research, including qualitative studies, on PTSD, violence and war are necessary so that we have a better understanding of the phenomenon as well as to promote the mental health of all through early intervention or even in preventing the onset of this disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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