The Effect of Fasting Ramadhan and Diet on Blood Sugar Levels in People With Diabetes Mellitus : A Literature Review

ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus is a health disorder caused by an increase in blood sugar levels due to insulin resistance. Fasting can be used as a way to control diet, when fasting calories in the body will be reduced and the body will break down glycogen into glucose so that glucose levels can decrease. The purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of Ramadan fasting and eating patterns on blood sugar levels in people with diabetes mellitus. The method used with the literature review is by reviewing several journals about the effect of fasting Ramadan and diet on blood sugar levels in people with diabetes mellitus. The results of this paper show that fasting has a significant effect on reducing blood sugar levels in Diabetes Mellitus patients. Decreased blood sugar levels are also influenced by diet. The conclusion of this writing shows that there is an influence on the decrease in blood sugar levels in people with diabetes mellitus who carry out Ramadan fasting. Then in the relationship between eating patterns, there is a relationship between diet and the incidence of diabetes.

Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Food Consumption in Indonesia

Prevention of Covid-19 transmission by increasing immunity of the body with protein intake results in changes in people's dietary behavior. Pressure due to changing environment and loss of work leads to the tendency to eat sweet foods, preserved, high in fat and salt. This study aims to determine changes in food consumption patterns in Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic. Use a quick assessment of empirical facts about Indonesia's ongoing impact on Covid-19. The research approach framework conceptualizes Covid-19 as a 'Cause', and its effect on changes in food consumption patterns is "Consequent". The data used in this study from study literature uses references from national and international literature. Literature materials in the form of journals, articles, books, and news that discuss the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on people's behavior, especially food consumption behavior, which can be accessed in electronic media. Pandemic covid-19 in Indonesian society affects food consumption patterns, namely, in adults, consumption of vegetables, fruits, and spices increases. While in adolescence, consumption of sweets and fast food increases. This change in the diet affects immunity. A healthy diet increases immunity and reduces the potential for contracting covid-19. Changes in different diets require a tailored approach to community nutrition fulfillment programs. It is necessary to create a program to raise awareness among young people to implement a healthy diet, and a program to support the consistency of healthy diets that have been formed in the community due to the covid-19 pandemic.

Participation Rate of Employees of RS X In The Covid-19 Vaccination Program to Break The Chain The Spread of Covid-19

The COVID-19 vaccination aims to reduce the transmission of COVID-19, reduce morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19, achieve herd immunity, and protect the community from COVID-19 to remain socially and economically productive. The role of social media in the era of digital technology can bring positive things as well as negative things, in a positive context there are invitations in the form of motivation to participate in vaccination programs. Meanwhile, in a negative context, the COVID-19 vaccination has become a cornering or scary hoax. However, this news cannot be verified. However, this news greatly influences a person's decision to participate or not in the vaccination program in addition to doubts about the safety of vaccines, doubts about the effectiveness of vaccines, distrust of vaccines, fears of side effects such as fever and pain, and religious reasons. This study will explain the level of participation of workers who work in Hospital X in receiving a prioritized vaccination program for health workers. The research method used is descriptive, where data is collected in the period from January 29, 2021, to May 10, 2021. The vaccination program which is an alternative to breaking the chain of the spread of COVID-19 is welcomed by its implementation in Hospital X with the participation rate of the results. reached 92%. The remaining 8% were not vaccinated because they did not receive a recommendation from a doctor or refused the vaccine because they were worried about the side effects.

Analysis of Factors Related to Patient Loyalty During The Covid-19 Pandemic at The Ciasmara Health Center in 2021

Since the Covid-19 pandemic occurred in March 2020 in Indonesia, many aspects of life have been affected, including health care facilities. This condition has changed people's lifestyles, community visits to health care facilities have decreased. Public interest in visiting public health service facilities has also decreased. One of the public health facilities that feel the impact is the Public Health Center. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors - factors associated with patient loyalty at the Public Health Center. This type of research is quantitative analytic with a cross-sectional approach, the types of statistical tests used are the Chi-square test and Logistic Regression test. The location of the research was at the Ciasmara Health Center, the time of the study was from January to July 2021. The number of samples was 120 respondents, the sampling technique was total sampling. The results of the univariate analysis showed that most of the respondents were not loyal to Public Health Center services, namely 51.7%. The results of the chi-square test showed that of the 7 independent variables studied, only 3 variables were significant on patient loyalty (p-value < 0.05), namely: attitude (0.021), service quality (0.034), and employee performance (0.024). While the variables of knowledge, economic level, distance from the house, and infrastructure are not significant because the p-value > 0.05. The results of the logistic regression test showed that the most dominant factor related to patient loyalty was employee performance. The quality of service and employee performance at the Public Health Center needs to be improved as long as it is through improving services and providing rewards and punishments for employees who perform well and poorly. Next, the patient's attitude needs to be improved through education and counseling carried out by the Public Health Center.

Overview of The Implementation of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) in Preventing The Transmission of Covid 19 in PT PKUA Bogor West Java 2021

Since the pandemic that began in 2020, the industry in Indonesia has experienced enormous obstacles and has an impact on the industrial workers themselves, the Covid 19 infection rate in workers has reached 2 percent of the total number of infections in Indonesia and industrial areas. The purpose of this study was to see an overview of the application of occupational health and safety (OHS) in preventing the transmission of covid 19 at PT PKUA Bogor, West Java. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through observation, literature study with secondary data, and interviews with employees of PT PKUA. The results obtained from this study are based on data from the company's OHS division and interviews with the Factory Manager, it is known that the number of workers infected with Covid 19 as of April 2021 was 8 people and those who were not infected were 119 people out of a total of 127 employees. The transmission that occurred within the company was not significant and there was no spread within the factory because the workers who were infected while on duty were out of town and did not form a factory cluster. In the company, from the HSE division report, it was found that employees were infected while on duty from out of town and came into contact with many people on their way to and from them. This research concludes that PT PKUA has done quite well to prevent the occurrence of factory clusters, the preventive measures taken have been in favor of the safety and health of industrial workers, especially in PT PKUA.

Description of Smoking Behavior in Adolescents ages 15-18 Years

Smoking is a problem that has not been solved until now. Smoking has spread to various groups, from children to the elderly, men and women. This smoking habit can harm adolescents directly or indirectly which has been proven to interfere with the growth and development of adolescents. Many factors are associated with smoking behavior in adolescents aged 15-18 years. These factors are discussed based on research articles and book references. Factors that influence the relationship include peer association, price, and lack of parental attention. Smoking can increase the risk of several diseases, such as cancer, pregnancy disorders, and hypertension. Smoking too often not only causes problems in the development and growth of adolescents.

Analysis of The Implementation of Nosocomial Infection Prevention and Control in Hospitals (A Literature Study)

Infections due to health services or Healthcare-Associated Infection (HAI) or known as nosocomial infections are infections that occur in patients during treatment in hospitals or other health facilities. The prevention and control of nosocomial infections is a worldwide challenge. This study aims to examine the literature, articles, or journals of research results regarding the implementation of prevention and control of nosocomial infections in hospitals. The method used is a literature review with 10 journals that were reviewed and written from 2015 to 2020, or written in the last 6 years with the keywords "Analysis of the Implementation of Nosocomial Infection Prevention and Control". The results obtained are 8 journals that have obstacles such as lack of Human Resources (HR), insufficient funds and infrastructure, there are still many officers who have not taken action according to Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), many officers have not received training, there is no incentive for officers. , there is an unbalanced workload, the reporting system is not maximized, the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is not optimal, and cough etiquette has not been carried out by officers. So it is necessary to add things that must be met such as training of officers, completing the needs (facilities and infrastructure) for officers, providing sanctions for officers when violating (not taking actions according to SOPs), providing incentives for officers, and even giving rewards for officers who obey comply SOP, especially given strict supervision from the hospital so that officers and patients do not transmit their disease to each other or other people.

Description of Knowledge and Behavior Levels About Breast Examination (Best Self-Examination) in Adolescent Women

Breast self-examination (BSE) is done by feeling and looking at the breast itself to see the possibility of physical changes in the breast. This process is carried out so that all changes that lead to more serious conditions can be detected early. Breasts will generally feel different during menstruation. Before and during this period, most women feel that their breasts are getting tighter and denser. Therefore, women need to do a breast self-examination (BSE) every 1 month, to find out whether there is a change in the shape of the breast from time to time. This study aims to determine the level of knowledge and behavior about breast self-examination (Aware) in young women. The research used is qualitative research using a descriptive observational study design, namely conducting in-depth interviews with 4 informants which are by the interview guidelines. Based on the results of the study, 4 respondents had been interviewed according to the addresses of their respective researchers, respondents according to the characteristics of the study. And respondents have good enough knowledge about breast self-examination (BSE), respondents also behave to check their breasts regularly after menstruation.

Systematic Review: Blood Pressure Value Difference Between Measurement with Oscillometric and Auscultation of Patients in Health Services

Blood pressure is a vital sign that is very important and is a basic physiological parameter in conducting physical assessments of critical patients. Blood pressure can be measured using manual or automatic instruments. The gold standard measures blood pressure with a mercury sphygmomanometer, but its use has been withdrawn due to the risk of mercury contamination. In practice, different values ​​are often obtained between the oscillometric method and auscultation. The objective of this review is to evaluate the significant difference in blood pressure between using the oscillometric method and auscultation in patients in health care. Method A systematic review approach is carried out on research results published in 3 search engines, namely EBSCO, Proquest, and Science Direct. Articles found according to the inclusion criteria that have been set are then assessed using the level of evidence using the NICE approach. The appraisal study uses the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP), and the synthesis method uses a modified PICO. The result indicates that a total of 3 (three) studies were obtained according to the inclusion criteria. The intervention carried out was measuring blood pressure using two methods, namely oscillometric and auscultation. To sum up, there was a statistically significant difference in systolic pressure between the oscillometric and auscultatory methods.

Public Perception of the Policy of Banning Eid Al-Fitr in 2021 in Bogor Regency

Introduction: Homecoming is a social phenomenon in Indonesia every year. To prevent the spread of the Covid-19 virus, the Government makes a Policy to Eliminate Homecoming for Eid Al-Fitr in 2021. Objective: To determine public perceptions regarding the ban on going home for Eid in 2021. Methods: This study uses a survey method with a quantitative questionnaire conducted at the Type C Hospital in Bogor Regency with a sample of 84 respondents. Results: respondents aged 30-40 years agreed not to go home for Eid with a presentation of 80%, over 40 years of age 75% agreed and 25% did not agree. Conclusion: During the Covid-19 Pandemic, greatly affects people's perceptions of traveling back and forth. The majority of respondents agreed to the 2021 Eid homecoming ban due to concerns about contracting or transmitting the Covid-19 virus. Recommendations: There are strict sanctions for violators who continue to go home, scouring the location of crowds during the Eid transportation period, the community continues to maintain health and comply with the Health Protocol.