scholarly journals Revisiting Underlying Ecological Principles of Rice-Fish Integrated Farming for Environmental, Economical and Social benefits

Our Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.B. Gurung ◽  
S.K. Wagle
Keyword(s):  
Rice Field ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Nutrient Regeneration ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Integrated Farming ◽  
Ecological Principle ◽  
Rice Fish

Our goal is to revisit underlying ecological principle of rice-fish farming integration and synthesize information to suggest some pertinent patterns and connections that contribute to understanding of the interactions of abiotic and biotic factors in rice field for productivity enhancement. We synthesized ecological interactions, energy and material flow in absence and presence of bottom feeding omnivore fish to give a clear scenario of food web interactions in rice field. Rice plants, weeds and minute algae can be competitive to each other as they depend on common resources for growth. However, introduction of the fish about two weeks after rice plantation can add new link to the food chain by perturbation and top down control on rice competitors, pests and mobility of nutrients towards rice plant for increased rice field productivity to benefit the farmers economically, environmentally and socially. In relation to above synthesis, rice-fish integrated field experiments were performed in 4 mid hill districts of Nepal from 2000-2002. The results showed that despite of 3-5% loss of the rice cultivating area due to "trench" as fish hiding place, rice yield increased up to 9% in addition of 529 kg ha-1 fish from rice-fish integrated farming than cultivating rice alone. In rice-fish system, competitive advantages of rice plants over weeds and micro algae, control on rice pest and increased nutrient supply due to top down, perturbation and nutrient regeneration by fish were the reasons of increased rice yield in treatments than in controls where rice alone was cultivated. Key Words: Ecological principle, Rice-Fish integrated farming, Social benefitdoi:10.3126/on.v3i1.328Our Nature (2005) 3:1-12

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF TRAP BARRIER SYSTEM COMBINED WITH CAGE TRAP FOR CONTROLLING RATS IN RICE FIELD

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hastin Wulan Sekarweni ◽  
Yulia Pujiastuti ◽  
Siti Herlinda
Keyword(s):  
Rice Plant ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Number Of Males

Rice-field rat is a main pest of rice. Yield reduction caused by rat is quite high, because rats attack rice plant at all stages. One of the efforts applied to control rats is by using Trap Barrier System combined with cage trap. The objective of this research was to identify species of rat attacking rice plants and investigate the presence of  rat by their footprints. The experiment was conducted in Jalur 6  Village Sumber Mulya, Sub-district  Muara Telang,  District Banyuasin, South  Sumatra. One hectare of farmer’s rice field, divided into 3 sub-plot. Each sub-plot was planted with variety paddy of Inpari 22 (sub-plot A), Inpari 33 (sub-plot B), and Inpari 43 (sub-plot C). The number of cage traps was 6 traps per sub-plot. Observations were made 7 times, with an interval of 10 days. Results showed species of trapped rats in the research area was Rattus argentiventer, in which number of males was higher than females. Morphologically, the size of males were bigger than female. Number of footprints did not reperesentative the number of trapped rats. Inpari 43 variety was more preferred by rats because damage intensity was the highest than other two rice varieties.

scholarly journals Study on the influence of rice paddies’ water layer temperature on rice yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 939 (1) ◽  
pp. 012089
Author(s):  
A Rau ◽  
I Begmatov ◽  
G Rau
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Rice Paddies ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Irrigation Period

Abstract Studies on Akdala rice system found that rice plants sensitive to meteorological conditions. Climate change leads to changes in crop structure. The temperature of the rice field air and water has a special influence on the structure of the rice crop. It is established that the temperature of the water layer in rice paddies in the irrigation period does not exceeds 290 C, which is below the threshold of 350 C, when the flow and discharge of water from the paddies are recommended. The temperature of water in rice paddies, the surface layer was determined by an express thermometer, at the depth of the water layer 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm by Savin Thermometers, soil – thermometers TM-5.

Rice-fish farming systems - the case of CARE Bangladesh Rice-Fish Programme.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reshad Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Rice Field ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Paddy Ecosystem ◽  
Rice Fish ◽  
Cultivation Practice

Abstract Integrated pest management (IPM) and cultivation of fish in rice fields are two interrelated methods of increasing the productivity and profitability of rice farming. CARE-Bangladesh's approach to IPM is based on understanding the whole rice paddy ecosystem. By adopting rice-fish production, farmers are provided with the opportunity to use an existing resource to significantly enhance income and food; in addition, adding value to the rice field through integration of fish acts as an incentive to reduce pesticide use. The rice-fish cultivation practice in all three seasons followed improved extensive methods and allowed wild indigenous species to be reared with stocked species. Community rice-fish cultivation in particular is a promising farming approach to address certain potential limiting factors challenging rice-fish farming expansion by individual households. IPM and fish culture in rice fields and wild fish conservation in rice-fish systems are important approaches of the CARE facilitated rice-fish farming expansion process.

scholarly journals Impact of a conservation agriculture system on soil characteristics, rice yield, and root-parasitic nematodes in a Cambodian lowland rice field

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Malyna Suong ◽  
Elodie Chapuis ◽  
Vira Leng ◽  
Florent Tivet ◽  
Dirk De Waele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Field ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes

Characteristics of Growth and Yield Formation of Rice in Rice-Fish Farming System

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong YANG ◽  
Hong-cheng ZHANG ◽  
Xiao-jun HU ◽  
Qi-gen DAI ◽  
Yong-jiang ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Fish Farming ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Fish ◽  
Yield Formation

Interspecific and Intraspecific Interference of Broadleaf Signalgrass (Brachiaria platyphylla) in Rice (Oryza sativa)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. McGregor ◽  
Roy J. Smith ◽  
Ronald E. Talbert
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Quadratic Equation ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Rough Rice ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Brachiaria Platyphylla

Field experiments were conducted in 1984 and 1985 at Stuttgart, AR, to investigate the interspecific and intraspecific interference of broadleaf signalgrass densities of 0, 10, 50, 100, and 150 plants/m2with rice. In 1984, significant reductions in rice leaf area index (LAI) occurred 6 weeks after emergence with all broadleaf signalgrass densities. The first reduction in LAI occurred 8 weeks after emergence at the density of 150 plants/m2in 1985. Densities of 50 plants/m2or greater reduced rice dry weight 6 weeks after emergence in 1984, and the highest density of 150 plants/m2reduced rice dry weight 12 weeks after emergence in 1985. Height of rice was reduced by densities of 100 and 150 plants/m2. Linear regression equations indicated that each broadleaf signalgrass plant/m2reduced rough rice yield 18 kg/ha both years. Growth of broadleaf signalgrass was reduced by interspecific and intraspecific interference. The dry weight of broadleaf signalgrass increased at a decreasing rate at plant densities of 100 to 150/m2when grown alone in 1984 and 1985, when a quadratic equation best described the response. Regression equations indicated interspecific interference from rice reduced broadleaf signalgrass dry weight an average of 48 and 81% in 1984 and 1985, respectively. The height of broadleaf signalgrass was greater when grown with rice than when grown alone.

scholarly journals Ice-on and ice-off dynamics of ciliates and metazooplankton in the Łuczański Canal (Poland)

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 1121-1134
Author(s):  
Krystyna Kalinowska ◽  
Maciej Karpowicz
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Zooplankton Grazing ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Cover Time ◽  
Trophic Coupling ◽  
Cold Water Temperature ◽  
Zooplankton Communities

Abstract The ciliate–metazooplankton trophic coupling is well documented from both laboratory and field experiments. The knowledge about these relationships during winter ice-covered periods is very scarce. The abundance and composition of planktonic ciliates, rotifers and crustaceans were studied during the ice-covered and ice-free periods in the Łuczański Canal (Masurian Lakeland, Poland). We hypothesised that in winter, rotifers play a major role in the top-down control of ciliates and that ciliate–metazooplankton relationships differ not only between the ice-covered and ice-free periods, but also between ice-covered months. Our study showed that ciliates formed a significant part of zooplankton biomass during the winter ice-covered period when crustaceans occurred in very low abundances. Despite cold water temperature and the presence of ice cover, time was probably a cue that initiates zooplankton development. The ciliate, rotifer and crustacean numbers and biomass, as well as chlorophyll a concentrations, were lower in February than in ice-free periods. In the winter month with ice cover, bottom-up control by resources was more important than top-down control by zooplankton grazing in regulating ciliates. In the spring month with ice cover, crustaceans and rotifers may include ciliates as an important part of their diets. In April, the studied groups of organisms were not related to each other in contrast to the summer, when zooplankton communities were closely related to each other. In autumn, rotifers may play an important role in controlling ciliates. The abundance, composition and ciliate–metazoan relationships can vary considerably not only across seasons, but also across ice-covered months.

Rice and red rice interference. II. Rice response to population densities of three red rice (Oryza sativa) ecotypes

Weed Science ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leopoldo E. Estorninos ◽  
David R. Gealy ◽  
Edward E. Gbur ◽  
Ronald E. Talbert ◽  
Marilyn R. McClelland
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Rice Growth ◽  
Tiller Density

Red rice, which grows taller and produces more tillers than domestic rice and shatters most of its seeds early, is a major weed in many rice-growing areas of the world. Field experiments were conducted at Stuttgart, AR in 1997 and 1998 to evaluate the growth response of the Kaybonnet (KBNT) rice cultivar to various population densities of three red rice ecotypes. The ecotypes tested were Louisiana3 (LA3), Stuttgart strawhull (Stgstraw), and Katy red rice (KatyRR). Compared with KBNT alone, LA3, the tallest of the three red rice ecotypes, reduced tiller density of KBNT 51%, aboveground biomass at 91 d after emergence (DAE) 35%, and yield 80%. Stgstraw, a medium-height red rice, reduced KBNT tiller density 49%, aboveground biomass 26%, and yield 61%. KatyRR, the shortest red rice, reduced KBNT tiller density 30%, aboveground biomass 16%, and yield 21%. Tiller density of rice was reduced by 20 to 48% when red rice density increased from 25 to 51 plants m−2. Rice biomass at 91 DAE was reduced by 9 and 44% when red rice densities were 16 and 51 plants m−2. Rice yield was reduced by 60 and 70% at red rice densities of 25 and 51 plants m−2, respectively. These results demonstrate that low populations of red rice can greatly reduce rice growth and yield and that short-statured red rice types may affect rice growth less than taller ecotypes.

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