scholarly journals APPLICATION OF TRAP BARRIER SYSTEM COMBINED WITH CAGE TRAP FOR CONTROLLING RATS IN RICE FIELD

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hastin Wulan Sekarweni ◽  
Yulia Pujiastuti ◽  
Siti Herlinda
Keyword(s):  
Rice Plant ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Number Of Males

Rice-field rat is a main pest of rice. Yield reduction caused by rat is quite high, because rats attack rice plant at all stages. One of the efforts applied to control rats is by using Trap Barrier System combined with cage trap. The objective of this research was to identify species of rat attacking rice plants and investigate the presence of  rat by their footprints. The experiment was conducted in Jalur 6  Village Sumber Mulya, Sub-district  Muara Telang,  District Banyuasin, South  Sumatra. One hectare of farmer’s rice field, divided into 3 sub-plot. Each sub-plot was planted with variety paddy of Inpari 22 (sub-plot A), Inpari 33 (sub-plot B), and Inpari 43 (sub-plot C). The number of cage traps was 6 traps per sub-plot. Observations were made 7 times, with an interval of 10 days. Results showed species of trapped rats in the research area was Rattus argentiventer, in which number of males was higher than females. Morphologically, the size of males were bigger than female. Number of footprints did not reperesentative the number of trapped rats. Inpari 43 variety was more preferred by rats because damage intensity was the highest than other two rice varieties.

scholarly journals Study on the influence of rice paddies’ water layer temperature on rice yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 939 (1) ◽  
pp. 012089
Author(s):  
A Rau ◽  
I Begmatov ◽  
G Rau
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Rice Paddies ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Irrigation Period

Abstract Studies on Akdala rice system found that rice plants sensitive to meteorological conditions. Climate change leads to changes in crop structure. The temperature of the rice field air and water has a special influence on the structure of the rice crop. It is established that the temperature of the water layer in rice paddies in the irrigation period does not exceeds 290 C, which is below the threshold of 350 C, when the flow and discharge of water from the paddies are recommended. The temperature of water in rice paddies, the surface layer was determined by an express thermometer, at the depth of the water layer 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm by Savin Thermometers, soil – thermometers TM-5.

Population and Effect of Rice Root Knot Nematode in Diseased and Healthy Looking Rice Plants and Their Distribution in Rice Field

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sharma-Poudyal ◽  
R.R. Pokharel ◽  
S.M. Shrestha ◽  
G.B. Khatri-Chhetri
Keyword(s):  
Rice Field ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Meloidogyne Graminicola ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
Diseased Root

A field survey was carried out to discover the population of M. graminicola in diseased and healthy looking rice plants and its impact on yield and yield attributing characters of rice during 2000 in Chitwan, Nepal. Root and soil samples were collected from ten upland rice fields. Modified Baermann Tray Method was used to extract the juveniles (J2) from soil and root samples. The survey revealed that the diseased root samples had the highest Meloidogyne graminicola J2 population. However, the nematode population in root and soil and root knot intensities did not differ significantly between diseases and healthy looking plants. Diseased rice plants had lower number of total and effective tillers, filled grains per panicle and grain yield. Yield reduction in diseased plants was 40.5% as compared to healthy plants in the variety 'Masuli' M. graminicola, even if a new pathogen, seems to be already established in sandy loam to loamy sand soil and reducing rice yield considerably in Nepal. J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 23:9-14.

scholarly journals Revisiting Underlying Ecological Principles of Rice-Fish Integrated Farming for Environmental, Economical and Social benefits

Our Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.B. Gurung ◽  
S.K. Wagle
Keyword(s):  
Rice Field ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Nutrient Regeneration ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Integrated Farming ◽  
Ecological Principle ◽  
Rice Fish

Our goal is to revisit underlying ecological principle of rice-fish farming integration and synthesize information to suggest some pertinent patterns and connections that contribute to understanding of the interactions of abiotic and biotic factors in rice field for productivity enhancement. We synthesized ecological interactions, energy and material flow in absence and presence of bottom feeding omnivore fish to give a clear scenario of food web interactions in rice field. Rice plants, weeds and minute algae can be competitive to each other as they depend on common resources for growth. However, introduction of the fish about two weeks after rice plantation can add new link to the food chain by perturbation and top down control on rice competitors, pests and mobility of nutrients towards rice plant for increased rice field productivity to benefit the farmers economically, environmentally and socially. In relation to above synthesis, rice-fish integrated field experiments were performed in 4 mid hill districts of Nepal from 2000-2002. The results showed that despite of 3-5% loss of the rice cultivating area due to "trench" as fish hiding place, rice yield increased up to 9% in addition of 529 kg ha-1 fish from rice-fish integrated farming than cultivating rice alone. In rice-fish system, competitive advantages of rice plants over weeds and micro algae, control on rice pest and increased nutrient supply due to top down, perturbation and nutrient regeneration by fish were the reasons of increased rice yield in treatments than in controls where rice alone was cultivated. Key Words: Ecological principle, Rice-Fish integrated farming, Social benefitdoi:10.3126/on.v3i1.328Our Nature (2005) 3:1-12

scholarly journals Microcontroller-based Bird Pest Repellent in Rice Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nonik Silvia Agustin ◽  
Koko Joni ◽  
Diana Rahmawati ◽  
Adi Kurniawan Saputro
Keyword(s):  
Rice Plant ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Productivity Level ◽  
Manual Method ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Plant Pests

In the cultivation of rice, there is never a problem with the name pests. If not controlled, the pest attack will affect the productivity level of the plant. Pests that attack rice plants include leafhoppers and birds. Birds have a very large percentage rate in attacking rice plants, namely the bondol bird which is one of the grain-eating birds. This bird is a very troubling pest for rice farmers because it causes crop yields to drop dramatically. There are several ways to repel birds, usually farmers using the manual method by making a rice field and crackle which is then tied to a rope. When using this method, farmers have to wait for agricultural land for approximately one month. This is considered inefficient considering the farmer's job is not only to wait for the rice plant until harvesting. So that in this study, a tool that will be used to repel bird pests will be designed by using solar panels as a source of voltage with sound output using a frequency of 1.5 - 3 KHz.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of several rice varieties in swampland agroecosystems in Mesuji Regency, Lampung Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 306 ◽  
pp. 01042
Author(s):  
Slameto ◽  
Meidaliyantisyah ◽  
Arfi Irawati
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Local Variety ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Increase Food Production ◽  
Potential Area

Swampland agroecosystem is a potential area for rice extensification program in order to increase food production. This study aimed to examine the growth and yield of several rice varieties planted in swampland agroecosystems in Mesuji Regency, Lampung Province. The experiment was conducted from November 2020 until March 2021. The planting location was in Tanjung Mas Jaya Village, Mesuji Timur District, Mesuji Regency, Lampung Province. The rice varieties planted were IAARD’s Superior varieties (Cilamaya Muncul, Inpara-2, Inpara-8, and Inpari IR Nutrizinc), multinational varieties (Mapan and Supadi) and existing local variety (Kebo). The observed variables were components of the growth and production of rice plants. The data were analyzed using Duncan test. The results showed that the yield was significantly different between the rice varieties planted. The lowest rice yield was obtained from the Inpara-2 variety (7.573 ton ha-1 of HDG). The highest yield of rice was in the Kebo variety (10.400 ton ha-1 of HDG). In order to gain optimal rice production in an area, it is necessary to use superior varieties of rice that have been adaptive to the local area.

scholarly journals RNA Sequencing Reveals Rice Genes Involved in Male Reproductive Development under Temperature Alteration

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 663
Author(s):  
Sudthana Khlaimongkhon ◽  
Sriprapai Chakhonkaen ◽  
Keasinee Tongmark ◽  
Numphet Sangarwut ◽  
Natjaree Panyawut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
World Population ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Male Development ◽  
Temperature Conditions

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops, providing food for nearly half of the world population. Rice grain yields are affected by temperature changes. Temperature stresses, both low and high, affect male reproductive development, resulting in yield reduction. Thermosensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) rice is sterile at high temperature and fertile at low temperature conditions, facilitating hybrid production, and is a good model to study effects of temperatures on male development. Semithin sections of the anthers of a TGMS rice line under low (fertile) and high (sterile) temperature conditions showed differences starting from the dyad stage, suggesting that genes involved in male development play a role during postmeiotic microspore development. Using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), transcriptional profiling of TGMS rice panicles at the dyad stage revealed 232 genes showing differential expression (DEGs) in a sterile, compared to a fertile, condition. Using qRT-PCR to study expression of 20 selected DEGs using panicles of TGMS and wild type rice plants grown under low and high temperature conditions, revealed that six out of the 20 selected genes may be unique to TGMS, while the other 14 genes showed common responses to temperatures in both TGMS and wild-type rice plants. The results presented here would be useful for further investigation into molecular mechanisms controlling TGMS and rice responses to temperature alteration.

CHARACTERISTICS OF MILLING YIELD OF RICE VARIETIES OF RUSSIAN BREEDING GROWN IN VARIOUS CONDITIONS OF NITROGEN NUTRITION IN THE ABINSKIY DISTRICT OF THE KRASNODAR REGION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.Y. Papulova ◽  
◽  
K.K Olkhovaya
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Head Rice ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Milling Yield ◽  
Different Doses

The work shows that application of increased doses of nitrogen does not significantly affect the total milling yield and affects the head rice content. The ambiguous nature of the variability of the grain quality of rice varieties under conditions of different doses of nitrogen fertilizers confirms the need for further studies of the varietal reaction to the level of nitrogen nutrition, based on it - the development of rice cultivation technology modes in order to obtain rice yield with high grain quality.

scholarly journals Brown spot disease severity, yield and yield loss relationships in pigmented upland rice cultivars from East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosep S. Mau ◽  
Antonius Ndiwa ◽  
Shirly Oematan
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Brown Spot Disease

Abstract. Mau YS, Ndiwa ASS, Oematan SS. 2020. Brown spot disease severity, yield and yield loss relationships in pigmented upland rice cultivars from East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1625-1634. Brown spot is one of the most devastating diseases of rice, which could lead to total yield loss. The disease has a worldwide distribution, more specifically in areas where water supply is scarce, most specifically in the dry upland areas. Almost all stages of rice are affected by the disease, where leaves and grains are mostly affected. Considerable differences exist in susceptibility to brown spot among rice varieties, which may cause a large variation in yield loss caused by the disease. Therefore, the resistance level of rice varieties and their yield reduction has to be regularly evaluated and updated. There are only a few reports on the relationship between brown spot severity with yield and yield loss of upland rice, and is even lacking in pigmented upland rice. The objectives of the present study were to assess the brown spot severity and resistance level in pigmented upland rice cultivars from East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia, and to elucidate their relationships with yield and yield reduction. Twenty four pigmented upland rice genotypes were evaluated in the field during May to October 2019, and their disease responses and yields were recorded. Disease severity was observed weekly and used to calculate Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) for comparison among the genotypes. The relationships between disease severity and AUDPC with yield and yield loss were also examined. The results showed significant variation in brown spot severity and AUDPC, ranging from, respectively, 11.11% to 40.70% and 398.42%-days to 1081.30%-days. Yields and yield losses of test genotypes also varied substantially. Yields under diseased-free and diseased plots ranged from, respectively, 2.34 t ha-1 to 6.13 t ha-1 and 1.68 t ha-1 to 3.74 t ha-1 while yield loss was between 10.46% and 56.15%. Six genotypes were moderately resistant, four genotypes were moderately susceptible and 14 genotypes were susceptible to brown spot. Neither disease severity nor AUDPC had a linear relationship with yield but both exhibited positive and linear relationships with yield loss.

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