scholarly journals The Status and Threats of Birds: A Case Study of Birds in Nayapul to Ghandruk Area, Kaski, Nepal

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-32
Author(s):  
Subhas Chandra Bastola
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Bird Population ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
The Status ◽  
Total Species

The purpose of this study is to quantify species diversity of birds in the study area and to explore the biotic and abiotic factors affecting the bird population. This study was carried out by using the fixed point counting method. The study area was situated in Annapurna Rural Municipality of Kaski district. A total of 147 bird species belonging to 46 families and 14 orders were identified in the study area. It was found that Muscicapidae was the largest family and Passeriformes the largest order. Among the reported species, 50% were residents, 31% were full-migrants, 18% were altitudinal migrants and the remaining were 1% nomadic. Habitats of birds included the forest 68%, the scrubland 17 %, the grassland 7% and the wetland 6 % of the study area. Similarly, the rocky area and artificial area covered 1% of the total species. The results showed that most of the bird species i.e. 136 were least concerned, 4 of them were nearly threatened, 3 of them were endangered, 3 were critically endangered and only one species was vulnerable. The most important threats included hunting and trapping, killing for fun, shift in crop production, use of insecticides and pesticides, improved storage devices, habitat destruction, developmental activities, tourism, buried carcasses and predatory.

scholarly journals Mistletoe as a keystone resource: an experimental test

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1743) ◽  
pp. 3853-3860 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Watson ◽  
Matthew Herring
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Total Species ◽  
Keystone Resource

Various entities have been designated keystone resources, but few tests have been attempted and we are unaware of any experimental manipulations of purported keystone resources. Mistletoes (Loranthaceae) provide structural and nutritional resources within canopies, and their pervasive influence on diversity led to their designation as keystone resources. We quantified the effect of mistletoe on diversity with a woodland-scale experiment, comparing bird diversities before and after all mistletoe plants were removed from 17 treatment sites, with those of 11 control sites and 12 sites in which mistletoe was naturally absent. Three years after mistletoe removal, treatment woodlands lost, on average, 20.9 per cent of their total species richness, 26.5 per cent of woodland-dependent bird species and 34.8 per cent of their woodland-dependent residents, compared with moderate increases in control sites and no significant changes in mistletoe-free sites. Treatment sites lost greater proportions of birds recorded nesting in mistletoe, but changes in species recorded feeding on mistletoe did not differ from control sites. Having confirmed the status of mistletoe as a keystone resource, we suggest that nutrient enrichment via litter-fall is the main mechanism promoting species richness, driving small-scale heterogeneity in productivity and food availability for woodland animals. This explanation applies to other parasitic plants with high turnover of enriched leaves, and the community-scale influence of these plants is most apparent in low productivity systems.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the distribution of landbirds on the Falkland Islands

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Hall ◽  
Robin W. Woods ◽  
M. de L. Brooke ◽  
Geoff M. Hilton
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Habitat Modification ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Island Species ◽  
Introduced Predators ◽  
Isolation Effects ◽  
Bird Distribution

A high proportion of island birds are threatened with extinction as a result of their vulnerability to introduced predators, habitat destruction, and fragmentation/isolation effects. In order to conserve island species effectively, it is necessary to disentangle these effects on distribution and abundance. We attempt to do this for the nine native passerines in the Falkland (Malvinas) Islands, using a database of presence/absence on 59 offshore islands in the archipelago, linked to data for each island on mammal presence, habitat modification, and isolation. Falklands native passerines are of considerable conservation importance, comprising one endemic globally threatened species, several endemic subspecies, and several restricted range species. Presence of rats on islands was by far the most important predictor of passerine presence, overriding the effect of habitat modifications. The globally threatened endemic Cobb's Wren Troglodytes cobbi was absent from all islands containing rats. Some species were more likely, and others less likely to occur on islands where tussac Poa flabellata grassland had been destroyed by grazing. The former species were primarily those adapted to dwarf-heath vegetation, and/or that thrive around human settlements. Island size and isolation were important predictors of occurrence for several bird species. The analyses show that, if vegetation restoration in the Falklands is to meet conservation aims, then it should be accompanied by introduced mammal control. Secondly, they indicate that biogeographical effects on bird distribution among islands in the Falklands are important, and need to be considered when assessing the conservation status of species, and when considering conservation action.

scholarly journals Startup Entrepreneurial Creativity and Impact in Armenia: Case Study (2015–2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 157-165
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Keshishyan ◽  
Mary-Hrachoohi Boghosian
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Model ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystem ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Status

The entrepreneurial creativity (EC) is an important factor for measuring the health and the well-being of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in any country. The purpose of our study was to examine the status of the Armenia’s entrepreneurial ecosystem through entrepreneurial creativity (EC) framework. The ‘Entrepreneurial Creativity and Growth’ (EC&G) model developed by Petrakis and Kafka (2016) was adopted. This model puts forward seven factors affecting the entrepreneurial creativity (EC), therefore, no other factor outside this framework was considered. Partial least square (PLS) methodology was applied to construct a predictive model of the seven factors dependencies on the (EC) and on each other. To increase granularity of the model, two to four sub-factors were constructed for each factor sufficient to affect the main dependent variable, the EC. Only two of the factors ‘Culture and Personal Characteristics of the entrepreneurs’ ( p = 0.001) and the ‘Availability of Relevant Institutions’ ( p = 0.007) were shown to have significant effect on the EC. The ‘Culture and Personality’ of entrepreneurs was significantly and positively correlated to the EC ( b = 0.444), which indicated that flexibility and risk-taking is the highest characteristics of Armenia’s entrepreneurs; thus, more creative. This article reports these findings and more of a study aimed at analysing the EC among the Armenian startup founders who established businesses within the years 2015–2018.

Critical abiotic factors affecting implementation of technologicalinnovations in rice and wheat production: A review

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kumaraswamy ◽  
P. K. Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Prophylactic Measures

Rice and wheat are two major staple food crops in India and worldwide. Over the years the yield potential of the crops has been affected by abiotic factors, which is further projected to increase due to climate change induced environmental adversities. Typically these two crops have different growing conditions, rice requiring high water for cultivation unlike wheat which is water demanding and sensitive to larger variability in temperature regimes. In the recent past drought and disease stress, besides several other stresses, are considered to be critical factors affecting the growth and yield of crops, which is evident in the recent decades. Admittedly, drought stress coupled with biotic stress will further contribute for declining performance of crop varieties and difficult to alleviate even with innovative technological innovations. Few of the technological innovations like high yielding varieties, genetically modified cultivars, integrated nutrient management, integrated pest management, water conservation strategies and prophylactic measures to avoid the disease/pest outbreak, though with potential to augment the yield losses is affected by the stresses. Attempts have also been made to utilize transgenic technologies to build intrinsic tolerance mechanisms by the plants through alteration to functional genes. However, sustainable technologies like classical breeding approaches and integrated farming principles are also being considered to develop crops adaptation and/or enhance the adaptive mechanisms by aligning with technological interventions. Though, several technologies show promise but constrained by the limitations to achieve ‘one-fits-all’ model to overcome the interactive effects of abiotic stressors. Visibly, the crop growth and yield enhancement through technological innovations is call of the day as climate change induced aggravation of these stressors on crop production is imminent. Skilful integration of technological innovations to suit the local and regional scale crop husbandry systems may have promise to address the abiotic stress to realize economic yield of crops like rice and wheat. The review will argumentatively analyse few critical stressors that limit the successful implementation of technological innovations to sustain the rice/wheat crop production and resilience building in the millennia.

scholarly journals Knowledge of birds and willingness to support their conservation: an Australian case study

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLEVO WILSON ◽  
CLEM TISDELL
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
The Status ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Australian Case ◽  
Balanced Information

This case study concentrates on the extent of knowledge among the Australian public of Australia's tropical bird species, and their willingness to support their conservation. In order to place this issue in context, we provide background information on the status of Australian bird species, focusing attention on species that occur in tropical Australia. Then, using questionnaire survey results, we consider the hypothesis that the public's support for the conservation of different bird species depends on their understanding of the species' existence and status. Based on results from a sample of residents in Brisbane, Queensland, we found that knowledge of bird species that occur exclusively in the Australian tropics (including tropical Queensland) was very poor compared with that of those occurring in the Brisbane area that are relatively common. Experimental results indicated that when respondents in the sample had an option to allocate A$1,000 between 10 bird species listed in the survey, they allocated more funds to the better-known and more common species, unless they were provided with balanced information about all the selected species. With balanced information, the average allocation to bird species confined mostly to the Australian tropics, particularly those threatened, increased. This demonstrates the conservation implications of information provision about bird species. The results showed that public education can play a crucial role in attempts to conserve bird species that are poorly known and threatened.

scholarly journals Inventory, Conservation Statement and Classification of Bird Trade in Cianjur based on Data Mining Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S7) ◽  
pp. 22-24
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Dominance Status ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Search Results ◽  
The Status ◽  
Mining Methods ◽  
Total Species

Currently in the community many who keep birds. To get the birds people are looking for in the bird market. Total species of birds traded (Kabupaten Cianjur) as many as 46 types of 23 tribes. From the search results were found by IUCN endangered bird species but by law in Indonesia excluding protected ones such as the species of ekelgeling (Cissathalassina) whose conservation status is highly endangered. The excavation of the rule based on available data using the c45 algorithm shows that the dominance status of bird species in the Cipanas area has a significant influence on the status of the dominance of bird species for the entire Cianjur region.

scholarly journals Identification of QTL Related to ROS Formation under Hypoxia and Their Association with Waterlogging and Salt Tolerance in Barley

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bilal Gill ◽  
Fanrong Zeng ◽  
Lana Shabala ◽  
Guoping Zhang ◽  
Min Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Aerenchyma Formation ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Waterlogged Soils ◽  
Dh Lines

Waterlogging is a serious environmental problem that limits agricultural production in low-lying rainfed areas around the world. The major constraint that plants face in a waterlogging situation is the reduced oxygen availability. Accordingly, all previous efforts of plant breeders focused on traits providing adequate supply of oxygen to roots under waterlogging conditions, such as enhanced aerenchyma formation or reduced radial oxygen loss. However, reduced oxygen concentration in waterlogged soils also leads to oxygen deficiency in plant tissues, resulting in an excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants. To the best of our knowledge, this trait has never been targeted in breeding programs and thus represents an untapped resource for improving plant performance in waterlogged soils. To identify the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for ROS tolerance in barley, 187 double haploid (DH) lines from a cross between TX9425 and Naso Nijo were screened for superoxide anion (O2•−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)—two major ROS species accumulated under hypoxia stress. We show that quantifying ROS content after 48 h hypoxia could be a fast and reliable approach for the selection of waterlogging tolerant barley genotypes. The same QTL on chromosome 2H was identified for both O2•− (QSO.TxNn.2H) and H2O2 (QHP.TxNn.2H) contents. This QTL was located at the same position as the QTL for the overall waterlogging and salt tolerance reported in previous studies, explaining 23% and 24% of the phenotypic variation for O2•− and H2O2 contents, respectively. The analysis showed a causal association between ROS production and both waterlogging and salt stress tolerance. Waterlogging and salinity are two major abiotic factors affecting crop production around the globe and frequently occur together. The markers associated with this QTL could potentially be used in future breeding programs to improve waterlogging and salinity tolerance.

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