scholarly journals The Utilization of Common Property Resources and Sustainable Management: A Case Study of Dobhan VDC of Palpa

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Shiva Lal Bhushal
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Participatory Development ◽  
Common Property Resources ◽  
Grass Root Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
Logistic Support

Traditional western economic approaches recognize and focus only two types of property, public and individual. But there is third dimension of property as common property resources (CPRs), which have been traditionally recognized by the society in Nepal. They are playing a crucial role in people's survival and community development particularly in rural Nepal. The common property resources can be recognized in two types viz, Natural property and Men made property. The nature and types of these properties vary from place to place and from one community to another. Each community has its own tradition and practices in utilization and management of CPRs based on their indigenous knowledge. The models for the utilization and management of these resources may vary from community to community. The concept of CPRs user group is showing the best way of resource management in study area as well as Nepalese society which can fit well into increasingly emphasized grass root level for democratic decision-making, participatory development and fair equity distribution. This study shows that each community can develop and have to develop its own model in keeping with the local socio-economic and resource related circumstances. In this context, this study tries to investigate some of the existing resources and their management practices in the study area for the sustainable use and community development with the help of CPRs and suggests that the groups can be facilitated by providing legal flexibility and logistic support from the government instead of imposing any outsider model.Key words: Common Property; Sustainable management; Palpa NepalTribhuvan University Journal Volume XXVI No. 1, 2009 Page: 109-120

scholarly journals Role of Institutions and Organizations for the Sustainable Management of Forest and Pasture as Common Property Resources in Nepal: An Overview of the Indigenous and Traditional Practices

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 31-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laya Prasad Uprety
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Social Equity ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Traditional Practices ◽  
Local Institutions ◽  
Common Property Resources

This is an overview paper based on the contemporary literature available in the regime of forest and pasture as common property resources. The analysis has underscored the role of local institutions and organizations for the sustainable management of forest and pasture as common property resources. The paper concludes that farmers of Nepal have developed and used the organizational and institutional mechanisms for the sustained management of these resources by ensuring social equity. Understanding the ingredients of indigenous resource management systems can have a bearing on developing appropriate national policies aiming at ensuring the sustainability of the future programs of Nepal.Key Words: Institution, organization, indigenous, traditional, common property, sustainable, social equity, participation, etc.DOI = 10.3126/dsaj.v2i0.1357Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.2 pp.31-64

scholarly journals The Experiences of Development Practitioners and Challenges in Community Engagement in Laos

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Phothong Chanthavilay
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Community Engagement ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Participatory Development ◽  
Problem Analysis ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Government ◽  
Development Practice

<p>Poverty alleviation is a top priority of the global development agenda. Laos is still on the list of Least Developed Countries as measured by the United Nations. Poverty in the Lao context is socially and culturally unique. The Government of Laos works collaboratively with development partners and non-governmental organisations to overcome poverty through development programmes throughout the country. However, the universal development and poverty definitions, including the development and poverty interventions which are influenced by such definitions, do not necessarily match the local contexts and practices.  This thesis examines development practice and community engagement in the Lao context through exploring experiences and perspectives of development practitioners who have worked in and engaged with community development in Laos. The thesis adopts a qualitative approach, drawing upon a social constructivist epistemology and a postcolonial framework. Semi-structured interviews, a form of qualitative methodologies, were employed for data collection. The interviews involved thirteen participants from both governmental and non-governmental organisations, and included both local development workers and expatriates. The focus of interviews was to investigate experiences of and opinions about their development practice and community engagement in Laos.  The findings reveal that development practice in Laos requires sufficient time to understand and learn about communities and their actual problems. Development discourses have conceptualised understandings associated with development and this has shaped how governments, donors, development partners, policymakers and development practitioners perceive mainstream development. The conceptualisation was mainly influenced by Western ideologies and was undeniably a legacy of colonialism. Participatory development approaches have been recommended by all research participants as one of the most effective approaches to bring about success and long-term sustainability. The findings also suggest that participation is required from the beginning of the development process, including in problem analysis, planning, monitoring and evaluating stages. In short, a sense of belonging and ownership needs to be present throughout the entire process of development. Furthermore, it is important for development practitioners to thoughtfully recognise and reflect critically on their roles as to whether they are insiders or outsiders when working on the ground. This can determine development outcomes. This research recommends local people be employed more to work as part of development projects in their own communities. By using these approaches, community development can be more effective and meaningful in a sustainable manner and truly respond to the real needs of communities. This can also contribute to a new phase of participatory development practice.</p>

scholarly journals The Experiences of Development Practitioners and Challenges in Community Engagement in Laos

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Phothong Chanthavilay
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Community Engagement ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Participatory Development ◽  
Problem Analysis ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Government ◽  
Development Practice

<p>Poverty alleviation is a top priority of the global development agenda. Laos is still on the list of Least Developed Countries as measured by the United Nations. Poverty in the Lao context is socially and culturally unique. The Government of Laos works collaboratively with development partners and non-governmental organisations to overcome poverty through development programmes throughout the country. However, the universal development and poverty definitions, including the development and poverty interventions which are influenced by such definitions, do not necessarily match the local contexts and practices.  This thesis examines development practice and community engagement in the Lao context through exploring experiences and perspectives of development practitioners who have worked in and engaged with community development in Laos. The thesis adopts a qualitative approach, drawing upon a social constructivist epistemology and a postcolonial framework. Semi-structured interviews, a form of qualitative methodologies, were employed for data collection. The interviews involved thirteen participants from both governmental and non-governmental organisations, and included both local development workers and expatriates. The focus of interviews was to investigate experiences of and opinions about their development practice and community engagement in Laos.  The findings reveal that development practice in Laos requires sufficient time to understand and learn about communities and their actual problems. Development discourses have conceptualised understandings associated with development and this has shaped how governments, donors, development partners, policymakers and development practitioners perceive mainstream development. The conceptualisation was mainly influenced by Western ideologies and was undeniably a legacy of colonialism. Participatory development approaches have been recommended by all research participants as one of the most effective approaches to bring about success and long-term sustainability. The findings also suggest that participation is required from the beginning of the development process, including in problem analysis, planning, monitoring and evaluating stages. In short, a sense of belonging and ownership needs to be present throughout the entire process of development. Furthermore, it is important for development practitioners to thoughtfully recognise and reflect critically on their roles as to whether they are insiders or outsiders when working on the ground. This can determine development outcomes. This research recommends local people be employed more to work as part of development projects in their own communities. By using these approaches, community development can be more effective and meaningful in a sustainable manner and truly respond to the real needs of communities. This can also contribute to a new phase of participatory development practice.</p>

A tragedy of non-timber forest resources in the mountain commons of Nepal

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishnu Hari Pandit ◽  
Gopal B. Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Common Property ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Community Forest Management ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
The Status

There is increasing degradation of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in the mountains of Nepal. It has been proposed that different components of a common property resource (CPR) do not undergo degradation at the same rate, as they are not managed in the same way under different types of property rights regimes. To examine this, information was collected through a survey of 324 households, community resource assessment ranking and group discussion in a small mountain watershed of Nepal. The study analysed NTFP collection and management practices under government and community forest management systems, and impact of these practices on the status of forest and NTFPs. The analysis based on people's perception revealed that NTFPs were being depleted more rapidly than timber components in both types of forest. The pace of depletion was, however, considerably lower in community forests, as these forests were accessible only to the relevant forest user group members. Depletion of NTFPs was due primarily to the lack of proper institutional arrangements, including the lack of a comprehensive government policy framework, for sustainable use and management of NTFPs.

scholarly journals Crop Residue Burning in India: Policy Challenges and Potential Solutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 832 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bhuvaneshwari ◽  
Hiroshan Hettiarachchi ◽  
Jay Meegoda
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Crop Residue Burning ◽  
The Government

India, the second largest agro-based economy with year-round crop cultivation, generates a large amount of agricultural waste, including crop residues. In the absence of adequate sustainable management practices, approximately 92 seems a very small number of metric tons of crop waste is burned every year in India, causing excessive particulate matter emissions and air pollution. Crop residue burning has become a major environmental problem causing health issues as well as contributing to global warming. Composting, biochar production and mechanization are a few effective sustainable techniques that can help to curtail the issue while retaining the nutrients present in the crop residue in the soil. The government of India has attempted to curtail this problem, through numerous measures and campaigns designed to promote sustainable management methods such as converting crop residue into energy. However, the alarming rise of air pollution levels caused by crop residue burning in the city of Delhi and other northern areas in India observed in recent years, especially in and after the year of 2015, suggest that the issues is not yet under control. The solution to crop residue burning lies in the effective implementation of sustainable management practices with Government interventions and policies. This manuscript addresses the underlying technical as well as policy issues that has prevented India from achieving a long-lasting solution and also potential solutions that have been overlooked. However, effective implementation of these techniques also requires us to look at other socioeconomic aspects that had not been considered. This manuscript also discusses some of the policy considerations and functionality based on the analyses and current practices. The agricultural waste sector can benefit immensely from some of the examples from other waste sectors such as the municipal solid waste (MSW) and wastewater management where collection, segregation, recycling and disposal are institutionalized to secure an operational system. Active stakeholder involvement including education and empowerment of farmers along with technical solutions and product manufacturing can also assist tremendously. Even though the issue of crop residue burning touches many sectors, such as environment, agriculture, economy, social aspects, education, and energy, the past governmental efforts mainly revolved around agriculture and energy. This sectorial thinking is another barrier that needs to be broken. The government of India as well as governments of other developing countries can benefit from the emerging concept of nexus thinking in managing environmental resources. Nexus thinking promotes a higher-level integration and higher level of stakeholder involvement that goes beyond the disciplinary boundaries, providing a supporting platform to solve issues such as crop residue burning.

scholarly journals The need for community inclusion in water basin governance in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Anwar Hossen ◽  
John R. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Common Property ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Ecological Integrity ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Governance Reform ◽  
Community Inclusion ◽  
Common Property Resources ◽  
Resource Governance ◽  
Ecological Resources ◽  
Governance Practices

In this paper we focus on the principle of community inclusion in water and ecological resource governance and document the negative impacts of its absence, in Chapra village, Bangladesh, on sustainable development and livelihood security. This community depends heavily on common property resources such as wild plant foods, fish and ‘natural’ crop fertilizers derived from river siltation and other sources. For the vast majority of people in Chapra, these common ecological resources create the ability to effectively match livelihood strategies to the conditions of both dry and rainy seasons. However, this socioecological livelihood pattern is increasingly undermined by the hydropolitics and top–down water management practices that prevail throughout the Ganges–Brahmaputra Basin in Bangladesh. These practices lead to ecosystem failures and ecological resource degradation which in turn cause survival challenges for the marginalized people who constitute the vast majority of the population. In this paper we explicitly seek to answer the question: how might community inclusion in governance processes help protect ecological integrity and common property resources and thereby support an alternative and more sustainable form of development for the region? In order to answer this question we first document the nature of livelihood practices in Chapra, based on 1 year of fieldwork, and then outline the mismatch that now occurs between livelihood practices, ecological characteristics and governance practices. We conclude with the argument that greater community inclusion in governance must be part of the solution to existing problems and we propose specific governance reform measures to facilitate community inclusion.

scholarly journals Community, institutions and technology in effective utilisation of common property resources: A case of community aquaculture

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Sahoo ◽  
P. N. Ananth ◽  
B. K. Pati ◽  
B. K. Banja ◽  
J. K. Sundaray
Keyword(s):  
Common Property ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Scientific Management ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Fish Yield ◽  
Common Property Resources ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Community Institutions ◽  
Freshwater Aquaculture

The present study is based on the demonstration of composite fish culture in 15 villages spread in five blocks of Khordha District covering an area of 28.2 ha during the period 2010-11 to 2014-15 by Krishi Vigyan Kendra- Khordha, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar. The community ponds were selected in the adopted villages and the demonstration was expansively participatory involving community in all phases of the intervention. Capacity building and skill demonstration on the scientific management practices were provided to the groups involved in the process. In some of the community ponds, critical inputs were provided partially to motivate the group. The results of the study indicated that average fish yield of the adopted community ponds was 2441 kg ha-1 against the pre-adoption production level of 1571.8 kg ha-1. The average increase in fish production and net income were 58.22 and 88.72% respectively with increased average benefit cost ratio from 1.878 to 2.37. After withdrawal of KVK from the adopted villages, the communities continued the practices and are in contact for advisory services. The study concludes that community participation, institutional commitment and viable technology are mandatory to effectively utilise common property resources for supporting rurallivelihoods.

scholarly journals Fishers access to the common property waterbodies In the northern region of Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Amzad Hossain ◽  
Mousumi Das ◽  
Md Shahanoor Alam ◽  
Md Enamul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Common Property ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Revenue Collection ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Government

The study was designed to explore the status of fishers’ access to the common property waterbodies (CPW) and associated problems of using CPW. Three upazillas (administrative units) of the Northern region of Bangladesh were selected for the empirical study. Data were collected from fishers, non-fishers and other stakeholders through structured interview schedules, physical observation, and participatory rural appraisal (PRA). The access of poor fishers group to the CPW was very limited in the study area. The government policy of revenue collection through leasing system badly affected the fishers group as they do not have required level of capital, unity, leadership and education. A revenue oriented fisheries management system with short lease periods was found to encourage over-fishing and destructive fishing by lessees, where the lessees were noted to sweep away all the fish stock as soon as their contract ended without considering the sustainable use of resource and biodiversity. Consequently, the productivity of the CPW is declining gradually. To ensure the effective access of fishers’ group to CPW and their sustainable use, an advised long-term community based management (CBM) plan needs to be developed with the effective participation of the fishers’ groups and other stakeholders.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(1): 125-133, April 2015

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