scholarly journals Antibiogram and Biofilm Formation among Carbapenem Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Roshani Nhuchhen Pradhan ◽  
Surendra Kumar Madhup ◽  
Shyam Prasad Pant
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Microtitre Plate ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Plate Assay ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Microtitre Plate Assay ◽  
Agar Method

Objectives: This cross-sectional study was designed to detect the carbapenemase producing K. pneumoniae along with biofilm producers from different clinical specimens and to compare antibiotic susceptibility pattern of biofilm producing carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and biofilm non-producing carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Methods: A total of 1475 non-repetitive clinical samples were included on this study. Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing (AST), Modified Hodge Test (MHT) and Modified Carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) were performed for detection of carbapenemase production and Congo red agar method (CRA) along with Microtitre plate method were performed for detecting biofilm production. Results: Among the clinical specimens cultured, growth positivity was 62.71%. E. coli was most predominant organism followed by K. pneumoniae (17.89%). Among the 110 K. pneumoniae, 57 were found to be carbapenemase producer. Majority of the carbapenemase producing K. pneumoniae were isolated from sputum (45.61%), in the specimen collected from age group 61-70 (28.07%) and in out-patient department (50.88%). Similarly, 65.45% K. pneumoniae out of 110 were found to be biofilm producer by Congo red agar method while among those 72, 73.59% isolates were found to be quantitatively biofilm producer in Microtitre plate assay. Out of 57 carbapenemase producer, 35.08% were strongly biofilm producer while among 53 carbapenemase non-producer 30.18% were strongly biofilm producer from Congo red agar method. Moreover, Microtitre plate assay evidenced that, out of 57 carbapenemase producer, 40.35% were highly biofilm producing and among the 15 carbapenemase nonproducer 66.66% were highly biofilm producer.  Conclusion: Biofilm formation is highly prevalent with varying degree of resistance among different antibiotics including carbapenems that further augments antibiotic resistance. The study showed carbapenemase producers are stronger biofilm producer than the non-carbapenemase producer. Therefore, it is recommended to identify biofilm formation among carbapenemase producers for effective choice of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Microtitre Plate Assay for the Quantification of Biofilm Formation by Pathogenic Leptospira

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasing Apun ◽  
Chai Fung Pui ◽  
Jennifer Jalan ◽  
Lesley Maurice Bi ◽  
Lela Su`ut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Microtitre Plate ◽  
Pathogenic Leptospira ◽  
Plate Assay ◽  
Microtitre Plate Assay

Difference in biofilm formation between carbapenem-resistant and carbapenem-sensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae based on analysis of mrkH distribution

2021 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 104743
Author(s):  
Renchi Fang ◽  
Haiyang Liu ◽  
Xiucai Zhang ◽  
Guofeng Dong ◽  
Jiahui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

A Rapid Microtitre Plate Assay for Determining Sensitivity to Photosystem II Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Anderson ◽  
Curtis N. Bensch ◽  
Jimmy F. Stritzke
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Thylakoid Membranes ◽  
Microtitre Plate ◽  
Plate Assay ◽  
Conventional Procedure ◽  
Microtitre Plate Assay ◽  
Reduction Assay ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentrations

This paper reports on a microtitre plate version of the 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol (DCPIP) reduction assay. DCPIP reduction rates of alfalfa thylakoid membranes were determined by measuring absorbance at 600 nm before and after a 1 min illumination period. The membranes were near light-saturated at intensities above 600 μE m–2s–1. Saturation of thylakoid membranes with DCPIP occurred above 120 μM. DCPIP reduction rates increased linearly with chlorophyll concentrations from 0.25 to 2 μg. The rate of DCPIP reduction was linear throughout a 2 min illumination period (R2= 0.99). The assay was sensitive enough to terbacil to differentiate between a 20% change in the I50concentration. DCPIP reduction rates were sensitive to concentrations of terbacil as low as 100 nM. It only takes 13 minutes to load and read 96 samples using the microtitre plate assay compared to 5.5 h using the conventional procedure.

scholarly journals Weak biofilm formation among carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 114877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn A. Cusumano ◽  
Aisling R. Caffrey ◽  
Kathryn E. Daffinee ◽  
Megan K. Luther ◽  
Vrishali Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

scholarly journals Epigallocatechin Gallate Inhibits Biofilm Formation by Ocular Staphylococcal Isolates

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 4339-4343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Rita Blanco ◽  
Andrea Sudano-Roccaro ◽  
Giovanna Carmela Spoto ◽  
Antonia Nostro ◽  
Dario Rusciano
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Plate Assay ◽  
Microtiter Plates ◽  
Slime Production

ABSTRACT Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), the main polyphenol component of green tea, has several antibacterial properties. Here we show that sub-MICs of EGCg appear to decrease slime production, therefore inhibiting biofilm formation by ocular staphylococcal isolates previously characterized for the presence of ica genes by the Congo red agar plate assay and for adhesion to microtiter plates.

scholarly journals Colistin Susceptibility in Carbapenem Resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae and their Ability of Biofilm Formation

2020 ◽  
pp. 517-527
Author(s):  
Sarab Murad Kadum
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Rpob Gene ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Specific Primer ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

A total of 157 clinical samples were collected from different clinical specimens (urine, sputum, blood, swabs, and cannula) from several hospitals in Iraq. Among the samples, 51 isolates (32.48%) of Klebsiella pneumoniae were identified according to morphologicaland cultural characteristics as well as the Enterosystem 18R test. Higher numbers of K. pneumoniae isolates were observed in urine samples (26, 52%) than the other samples, and in females (70.6%) than males (29.4%) (female: male ratio of about 2.4:1). Antibiotic susceptibility of K. pneumoniae against 12 commonly used antibiotics was determined through the disc-diffusion method. The results revealed a higher resistance rate in 51 isolates (100%) against Cephalexin, followed by Ceftazidime (50, 98%), while the lowest resistance rate (24, 47%) was against each of Imipenem and Meropenem. Also, the investigation of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Colistin using E-test (strips) demonstrated that 33 isolates were resistance, as compared to 31 using the disk diffusion assay. DNA was extracted from K. pneumoniae isolates and molecularly tested using polymerase chain technique (PCR) with a specific primer and 108 bp product to detect the rpoB gene that represents this bacteria . Also, all of the 51 isolates of K. pneumoniae identified by the rpoB gene were detected for the expression of the Colistin drug resistance gene mgr-B , which was amplified (347 bp) using a specific primer. Colistin resistance gene mgr-B was amplified and sequenced from the twenty isolates. Only 6 isolates appeared with a single nucleotide substitution; G instead A, A instead G, C instead G and G instead C. Also, this study tested biofilm formation from K. pneumoniae isolates , using the microtiter plate method, in association with Colistin and Carbapenem resistant. The Colistin and Carbapenem resistance pattern was compared to the ability of biofilm-formation as weak formation versus strong and also, Multi-drug resistant isolates were more common among weak versus strong biofilm formers.

scholarly journals Correlation of biofilm production with antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from various clinical specimens

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
M Swapna ◽  
G Sumathi ◽  
M Anitha
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Microbiological Methods

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most prevalent nosocomial pathogens that cause a life-threatening infection. One of the important characteristics of P. aeruginosa is biofilm formation which leads to antibiotic resistance. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to study the antibiotic resistance pattern of P. aeruginosa isolates and correlation with their biofilm-production. Materials and Methods: A total of 87 P. aeruginosa isolates from different clinical specimens were processed and confirmed by conventional microbiological methods as per standard methodology. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was done for all isolates. Biofilm producing isolates were identified by the microtiter plate method (MTPM). Results: Of 87 P. aeruginosa isolates, majority were from pus 33 (38%), followed by urine 26 (30%), sputum 19 (22%), body fluids 7 (8%), and blood 2 (2%). Biofilm producing isolates showed more resistance in comparison to non-biofilm producers. The observed difference between biofilm formation for multidrug resistant and susceptible isolates was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: MTPM method was an effective test for detection of biofilm formation and was also able to verify biofilm production by P. aeruginosa. This indicated a higher propensity among the clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa to form biofilm and revealed a positive correlation between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance. This indicates the need for testing of even susceptible isolates for virulence factors such as biofilm production.

scholarly journals Adaptation of Congo Red Agar Method and Microtiter Plate Assay to Study Biofilm Formation in Streptomyces

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-123
Author(s):  
Rabha EL othmany ◽  
Hafida Zahir ◽  
Chorouk Zanane ◽  
Doha Mazigh ◽  
Mostafa Ellouali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Alcoholic Solution ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Microtiter Plate Assay ◽  
Agar Method ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

Streptomyces has many advantages for exploration in biotechnological applications because of their ability to elaborate a multitude of bioactive molecules and secondary metabolites. Despite the importance of this genus in biotechnology, biofilm formation in Streptomyces is under-investigated. The objective of this research is to adapt two assays for the assessment of biofilm formation in Streptomyces. In the present investigation, we assess and follow biofilm formation in eight Streptomyces strains using quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative study based on a staining of the retained biomass in the microtiter plate with crystal violet “5%” and destaining using ethanol/acetone mixture, the concentration of crystal violet in the alcoholic solution reflect the intensity of the attached biofilm. On the other hand, the qualitative one consists of using modified freeman’s method a modified congo red agar method based on the color of colonies. Quantification of biomass by crystal violet staining method confirmed that Streptomyces bellus A43 and Streptomyces bellus A61 are biofilm-forming and this ability increase with the period of incubation. Our results showed that sixStreptomyces strains arenon-slime producing/non-biofilm forming. Two Streptomyces strains are slime producing/biofilm forming; this character vanishes at five days. Further research on genes responsible for biofilm formation in Streptomyces is highly recommended for better understanding of the phenomenon.

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