scholarly journals Assessing Nepal’s military diplomacy: Neighborhood and beyond

Unity Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Gaurav Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Hard Power ◽  
Small Countries ◽  
United Nations Peacekeeping ◽  
Peacekeeping Missions ◽  
Military Diplomacy ◽  
India And China

People often speculate that small countries hardly ever exercise military diplomacy since the latter presume that hard power instruments, including security forces and coercion are the apparatus of powerful countries. Because of its geopolitical location between two bigger countries, Nepal has been successfully exercising military diplomacy in the course of history. Owing to the same fact, this paper aims at assessing Nepal’s military diplomacy towards its immediate neighbors—India and China, and even beyond its neighborhood. In this paper, beyond neighborhood refers to the Nepali Army’s role in United Nations peacekeeping missions in different conflictafflicted countries. Thus, the article concludes with a note that Nepali Army as an established institution of the country has reposed its exceptional capability of exercising the modern-day diplomacy at both levels—neighborhood and beyond.

UN Peacekeeping Operations and Successful Military Diplomacy: A Case Study of Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bakare Najimdeen
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Security Council ◽  
United Nations Security Council ◽  
Policy Objective ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Peacekeeping Missions ◽  
Military Diplomacy

Few years following its creation, the United Nations (UN) with the blessing of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) decided to establish the UN Peacekeeping Operations (UNPKO), as a multilateral mechanism geared at fulfilling the Chapter VII of the UN Charter which empowered the Security Council to enforce measurement to maintain or restore international peace and security. Since its creation, the multilateral mechanism has recorded several successes and failures to its credit. While it is essentially not like traditional diplomacy, peacekeeping operations have evolved over the years and have emerged as a new form of diplomacy. Besides, theoretically underscoring the differences between diplomacy and foreign policy, which often appear as conflated, the paper demonstrates how diplomacy is an expression of foreign policy. Meanwhile, putting in context the change and transformation in global politics, particularly global conflict, the paper argues that traditional diplomacy has ceased to be the preoccupation and exclusive business of the foreign ministry and career diplomats, it now involves foot soldiers who are not necessarily diplomats but act as diplomats in terms of peacekeeping, negotiating between warring parties, carrying their countries’ emblems and representing the latter in resolving global conflict, and increasingly becoming the representation of their countries’ foreign policy objective, hence peacekeeping military diplomacy. The paper uses decades of Pakistan’s peacekeeping missions as a reference point to establish how a nation’s peacekeeping efforts represent and qualifies as military diplomacy. It also presented the lessons and good practices Pakistan can sell to the rest of the world vis-à-vis peacekeeping and lastly how well Pakistan can consolidate its peacekeeping diplomacy.

Beyond Keeping Peace: United Nations Effectiveness in the Midst of Fighting

2014 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
LISA HULTMAN ◽  
JACOB KATHMAN ◽  
MEGAN SHANNON
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
United Nations Peacekeeping ◽  
Peacekeeping Missions ◽  
The Cold War

While United Nations peacekeeping missions were created to keep peace and perform post-conflict activities, since the end of the Cold War peacekeepers are more often deployed to active conflicts. Yet, we know little about their ability to manage ongoing violence. This article provides the first broad empirical examination of UN peacekeeping effectiveness in reducing battlefield violence in civil wars. We analyze how the number of UN peacekeeping personnel deployed influences the amount of battlefield deaths in all civil wars in Africa from 1992 to 2011. The analyses show that increasing numbers of armed military troops are associated with reduced battlefield deaths, while police and observers are not. Considering that the UN is often criticized for ineffectiveness, these results have important implications: if appropriately composed, UN peacekeeping missions reduce violent conflict.

Self-Defence, Protection of Humanitarian Values, and the Doctrine of Impartiality and Neutrality in Enforcement Mandates

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Tsagourias
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
United Nations Peacekeeping ◽  
Humanitarian Values ◽  
Peacekeeping Missions ◽  
Self Defence

This chapter begins by examining the scope of the principles of consent, neutrality/impartiality, and minimum use of force as they apply to modern United Nations peacekeeping operations. It then asks how the use of force can be used to protect humanitarian values assigned to peacekeeping operations, and how such use of force interacts with the principles of neutrality and of impartiality. The chapter also discusses the implications of ‘the responsibility to protect’ and the ‘protection of civilians’ for the competence to use force. The chapter concludes by identifying a number of difficulties encounted by peacekeeping missions in attaining humanitarian values.

scholarly journals Peacekeepers deserve more mental health research and care

BJPsych Open ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. e3-e4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Shigemura ◽  
Masanori Nagamine ◽  
Nahoko Harada ◽  
Masaaki Tanichi ◽  
Kunio Shimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Mental Health Research ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
United Nations Peacekeeping ◽  
Peacekeeping Missions

SummaryUnited Nations peacekeeping personnel face numerous stressors due to their challenging deployments. Past studies have had inconsistent results regarding whether or not their deployment experience affects their mental health outcomes. Further studies are required to ascertain the associations between their outcomes and factors before, during and after their peacekeeping missions.

scholarly journals Peacekeeping Experiences as Triggers of Introspection in the Ghanaian Military Barracks

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-72
Author(s):  
Humphrey Asamoah Agyekum
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Collective Processes ◽  
United Nations Peacekeeping ◽  
Military Support ◽  
Peacekeeping Missions ◽  
Military Barracks

African political elites have been forthcoming with military support for United Nations peacekeeping missions, contributing substantially to these missions’ workforce. Despite their contribution, most studies on peacekeeping omit the African soldier’s voice on his experiences of the African war theatre. This article features Ghanaian soldiers’ narratives based on their peacekeeping deployments and illuminates how Ghanaian peacekeepers connect their experiences to their home society. In this contribution, I illustrate how Ghanaian soldiers’ narratives about peacekeeping experiences are framed as deterring examples for their home society, thus potentially impacting their actions and behaviours. Based on long-term qualitative research embedded with the Ghanaian military, drawing from interviews and informal conversations with peacekeeping veterans and serving military operatives, it is argued that Ghanaian soldiers’ narratives of peacekeeping experiences and the collective processes through which these narratives gain currency in the barracks and beyond are informed by introspection in the post-peacekeeping deployment phase.

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