scholarly journals Electoral Defeat and Party Change: When do Parties Adapt?

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-78
Author(s):  
Anna Pacześniak ◽  
Maciej Bachryj-Krzywaźnia ◽  
Małgorzata Kaczorowska
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Relevant Factor ◽  
Party Change ◽  
Electoral Defeat ◽  
Party Characteristics ◽  
Corrective Actions ◽  
West European

Electoral defeat has sometimes been called the mother of party change, but is this reputation warranted? In this paper we investigate whether party characteristics such as government status, party systemic origins, or ideological family affect how parties respond to defeat. Examining 73 parties in 28 countries, considering party efforts to change their leadership, their programs and their organizations, we conclude that only systemic origin (post-communist vs. West European countries) is a relevant factor affecting depth of party change. Parties take some corrective actions after electoral defeat, however, they are not likely to be a wholesale reforms. Thus, it would be more accurate to describe electoral defeat as a midwife of a party change, not as its mother.

From Election to Government: Principal Rules and Deviant Cases

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy-Erik Isaksson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Party System ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Government Formation ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Party Characteristics ◽  
West European

AbstractThis study focuses on the principal rules of government formation as well as on the deviant cases. On a party level, over 1,000 cases and approximately 250 government formations in 17 West European countries during the second half of the twentieth-century are analysed. By means of regression analyses, the study explores the effects of the size of the parties, other party characteristics, as well as characteristics in the party system on the choice of premier party and coalition party respectively. The results show that the choice of premier party to a great extent is decided by the size of the party and the position as median party. The choice of coalition party, however, is a far more complex process. Favourable and unfavourable conditions are defined, and the deviant cases are identified, compared and analysed with respect to the choice of PM party and the choice of coalition party respectively. The study shows that the deviant cases are not disparate. On the contrary, the deviant cases form a set of rules of their own.

Typical foodstuffs in tourist supply of Istria

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-426
Author(s):  
Olivera Koprivnjak ◽  
Aldo Milotić ◽  
Đordano Peršurić
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Cultural Inheritance ◽  
Research Results ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
West European

The tourist supply of every country longs for peculiar quality and identifiability. The typical foodstuffs are one of the climate, cultural inheritance and traditions of a country. In this paper, the authors first explain the definitions and procedures designed by international regulations concerning typical foodstuffs with controlled denomination of origin. The authors have investigated the interests and the opinions of tourists and subjects in trade and catering, about typical foodstuffs from Istria. By comparing the regulations, it was concluded that Croatian regulations do not follow the trends in West-European countries. The research results show that foreign tourists are very interested in typical istrian foodstuffs. However, their interest is lessened because those products are relatively expensive and have no guaranty of quality and origin.

Legal Deposit of Electronic Publications and Other Non-Print Material: An International Overview

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hoare
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Print Material ◽  
International Coordination ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Electronic Publications ◽  
The Uk ◽  
West European

In many countries, including the UK, proposals are currently being made for the extension of legal deposit to electronic and other non-print material. Some countries such as Switzerland and the Netherlands have no national legal deposit legislation, though voluntary deposit works well in the latter. Norway has the most advanced legislation, requiring the deposit of all lands of media. In few countries is any range of material actively handled, and a very few deal with online publications. There is scope for international coordination of proposals through such bodies as CDNL, CENL, IFLA and UNESCO. The aim of totally comprehensive collecting of all published material may be accepted as unrealistic, and some selectively is likely to be necessary. The current situation with regard to deposit of non-print material in 11 west European countries, Australia, Canada and the USA is recounted.

scholarly journals A survey of contraception in five West European countries

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Riphagen ◽  
P. Lehert
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Oral Contraception ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
West European

SummaryIn 1984 and 1985, a survey was conducted of 7696 women aged 15–44 living in Italy, France, Great Britain, Spain and the Federal Republic of Germany. The aim of the study was to examine the use of contraceptive methods, the differences in contraceptive use, knowledge of fertility, communication about contraception, motives for choice and the perceptions held by women regarding contraceptive methods, particularly oral contraception. The results show important differences between the countries studied.

Franco Spain at the Origins of the European Agricultural Community

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-100
Author(s):  
Fernando Guirao
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Political System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Franco Regime ◽  
Agricultural Community ◽  
Trade Bloc ◽  
West European

Chapter 2 shows that Madrid faced serious risks when integration threatened agriculture. A West-European agricultural trade bloc threatened Spain’s economy and political system. Fortunately for Franco Spain, the governments promoting agricultural integration soon deserted supranational features and moved into trade talks to offer other west European countries the surpluses they had generated after 1947. Spain concluded a purchasing contract for wheat with France. This and the prospects of wheat from the International Wheat Agreement and the United States, allowed Madrid to avoid bread rationing after the spring of 1952. By the end of the Green Pool episode, Spain had been granted de facto OEEC treatment in agricultural trade. Thus, the proposed European Agricultural Community provided the Franco regime with the opportunity to improve food consumption and overcome a critical threat to its survival.

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