Fake news identification

Fake news, deceptive information, and conspiracy theories are part of our everyday life. It is really hard to distinguish between false and valid information. As contemporary people receive the majority of information from electronic publications, in many cases fake information can seriously harm people’s health or economic status. This article will analyze the question of how up-to-date information technology can help detect false information. Our proposition is that today we do not have a perfect solution to identify fake news. There are quite a few methods employed for the discrimination of fake and valid information, but none of them is perfect. In our opinion, the reason is not in the weaknesses of the algorithms, but in the underlying human and social aspects.

Unidentified Names in the “First” Notebook of F. M. Dostoevsky (1864–1865)

The notebooks of F. M. Dostoevsky contain personal names and titles of works, many of which were left without comment or were reproduced incorrectly from the manuscript. The article examines the names of real persons from the “first” notebook of Dostoevsky in 1864–1865 (presently at The Russian State Archive of Literature and Arts. F. 212.1.3), the attribution of which was problematic for preceding researchers. In addition to academic publications, such as the Complete Works in 30 volumes or the series of Literary Heritage (vol. 83), the same issues arise in some modern electronic publications. Sometimes there is a confusion of names in the comments, for example, Panteleev / Panteleeva / the Panteleev brothers; similar confusion is observed with the Filippov brothers. Some names suggest a different reading: Blagosvetlov instead of Blagoeva, Voronov instead of Voronin. Dostoevsky often indicated the names of works instead of the names and surnames of the authors. This applies primarily to the entries in the Epoch magazine. Many of these works have never been published anywhere, thus, establishing the identity of the authors is difficult for the researcher. Within the framework of this study, individual entries from the “first” notebook of Dostoevsky were read with regard to the typical features of the writer's handwriting, and new explicatory comments to them were proposed, the failed authors of the Epoch magazine were identified (B. A. Pavlovich, V. A. Sleptsov, V. M. Sikevich, N. A. Neklyudov). The interpretation and attribution of personal names from Dostoevsky's notebook of 1864–1865 presented in the article are of a debatable nature and require further elaboration.

Coronavirus and Globalization: Knowledge vs Concept

The coronavirus pandemic has generated a lot of talk about the post-coronavirus future of the world community and has drawn close attention to the globalization process. The article notes that something similar in the public consciousness took place after the publication of the first report to the Club of Rome, when the awareness of the danger posed by global problems had quickly come. Now, one of the global problems — the coronavirus pandemic — has changed the usual life rhythm of the entire world community in a matter of weeks. The relevance of the topic is so high that even those who, before that, not only professionally, but even seriously were not interested in either the problems of medicine or global problems, actively joined its discussion. As a result, on the pages of many print and electronic publications, along with serious and verified information, all sorts of guesses and speculations about the nature and correlation of coronavirus and globalization are multiplied. Only knowledge can be opposed to this, according to the authors.

The means of modern technology and their impact on worships (Purity - Prayer as a model): A Jurisprudential Study: وسائل التقنية الحديثة وأثرها في العبادات (الطهارة- الصلاة أنموذجًا) - دراسة فقهية

This research deals with the means of modern technology and their impact on worships, using purity and prayer as a model, and among its objectives that it sought to achieve: Determine the type of blood flowing to women through the use of modern technology and medical tests, prove puberty by analyzing blood by means of modern technology, statement of permissibility The use of modern technology means in determining the qiblah, and I have followed the descriptive and analytical approach through the legal texts of the Qur’an, the authentic Sunnah and the sayings of the jurists, and the research reached a set of results and recommendations, including: - That what is meant by the means of modern technology are all the methods and things that a person uses and invents to meet his needs and satisfy his desires. - The results of the samples that tell that the blood that occurs to a woman who is starting is menstrual blood will be considered if these samples were performed by a reliable medical device. As for the recommendations, they include: Publishing the decisions and opinions reached by the Fiqh Councils on the ruling on using modern technology in worship and other things. Holding scientific conferences and forums, issuing periodicals and electronic publications related to such jurisprudential issues.

Denúncias, anúncios, lamentos e lutas: a educação escolar indígena em foco / Complaints, announcements, laments and struggles...

Neste pequeno texto, apresentamos formas de agressões e retiradas de direitos experienciados contra a população indígena após o golpe de 2016. Abordamos as ações autoritárias do governo de Bolsonaro/Mourão contra a população brasileira, no geral, e contra os povos indígenas, em particular. Apresentamos ainda duas experiências que consideramos exitosas: a primeira em termos de ações pedagógicas voltadas para a formação de professores indígenas e a segunda voltada para a formação continuada de professores não indígenas. Ambas se inserem dentro da temática da educação escolar indígena. Para a construção da narrativa, nos pautamos em materiais produzidos/gerados por estas experiências, em documentos oficiais, publicações eletrônicas e, particularmente, em produções sobre a temática da educação escolar indígena.Palavras-chave: Golpe; Autoritarismo; Indígena; Educação escolar indígena; Lei 11.645/2008. Abstract: In this short text, we present forms of aggression and withdrawal of rights experienced against the indigenous population after the 2016 coup. We address the authoritarian actions of the Bolsonaro/Mourão government against the Brazilian population in general and against indigenous peoples in particular. We also present two experiences that we consider successful: the first in terms of pedagogical actions focused on the formation of indigenous teachers and the second on the continuing education of non-indigenous teachers. Both fall within the theme of indigenous school education. For the construction of the narrative, we are guided by materials produced / generated by these experiences, official documents, electronic publications and, particularly, productions on the theme of indigenous school education.Keywords: Coup; Authoritarianism; Indigenous school education; Law 11,645/ 2008.

Proyectos EDI y normalización documental

Los sistemas EDI (Electronic Data lnterchange) están concebidos principalmente para ser utilizados dentro del mundo de las transacciones comerciales. Ahora bien, por sus características técnicas y circunstancias estratégicas, provocan también el interés de los profesionales de la Información y Documentación. En este artículo se describen las principales características de los sistemas EDI: sus prestaciones, las infraestructuras tecnológicas que utilizan y también sus condicionantes. Se analiza cuál es la implantación de EDI en el mercado europeo. Se examinan las características de las normas EDIFACT (Electronic Data lnterchange for Administration, Commerce and Transport), ODA/ODIF (Office Document Architecture/Office Document lnterchange Formal) y FORMEX (FORMalized Exchange of electronic publications), así como los problemas que plantean estos formatos en relación con las técnicas de normalización documental. Se pasa revista a algunos de los principales proyectos europeos en curso, dentro del campo bibliotecario y documental, que tienen cierta relación con el Intercambio Electrónico de Datos.

Building NED: Open Access to Australia’s Digital Documentary Heritage

This article charts the development of Australia’s national edeposit service (NED), from concept to reality. A world-first collaboration between the national, state and territory libraries of Australia, NED was launched in 2019 and transformed our approach to legal deposits in Australia. NED is more than a repository, operating as a national online service for depositing, preserving and accessing Australian electronic publications, with benefits to publishers, libraries and the public alike. This article explains what makes NED unique in the context of global research repository infrastructure, outlining the ways in which NED member libraries worked to balance user needs with technological capacity and the variations within nine sets of legal deposit legislation.

TRANSFORMATIONS OF SET PHRASES WITH THE PROPER NAME COMPONENT IN THE MODERN UKRAINIAN MEDIA DISCOURSE

The paper deals with set phrases (phraseologisms, set comparisons, and proverbs) with the proper name component of the precedent and unprecedent nature in texts of modern Ukrainian media. The paper is focused both on the semantic and structural semantic transformations of set phrases with the proper name component and on creating the transformed phrases on the basis of the model. The paper traces the rate of transformations of phraseological units and proverbs with the proper name component of the precedent and unprecedent nature in the modern Ukrainian media discourse, investigates the types of transformations (semantic and structural-semantic), outlines the trends of transforming set phrases based both on Ukrainian and borrowed proper names, and describes the creation of transformed units on the basis of the model. The study is based on the material of biblical names, ancient names, mythological anthroponyms, names of historical persons and figures in modern politics as well as connotative onyms that are a component of the Ukrainian linguoculture, which were all investigated based on Ukrainian printed and electronic publications, Internet forums and blogs of the beginning of the 21st century.