scholarly journals R & D and Internationalization: Effect on the Performance of SMEs

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
David K. Chalmers ◽  
◽  
Emily W. Mannetta ◽  
Luca Sensini ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Sampling Design ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Design Data ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
Probabilistic Sample ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this research is to study the impact of research and development activities on the performance of SMEs operating in non-high-tech sectors. At the same time, this study also investigates the impact produced by internationalization on research and development activities and performance. This choice is driven by the fact that there are several studies focusing on large companies and high-tech companies, while only a few scholars have addressed this topic for non-high-tech SMEs. A sample of Italian companies was chosen to develop the survey. The companies interviewed were obtained from the Amadeus database, in accordance with the definition of SMEs of the European Commission. From all the population, we extracted a probabilistic sample based on stratified random sampling design. Data collection and information was carried out through a questionnaire. The use of this tool has made it possible to collect updated information on research and development, innovation, internationalization and other general aspects useful for research purposes. The results show that non-high-tech SMEs that invest in research and development get performance benefits up to an optimal level of investment. In addition, the results suggest that internationalization can increase performance. Keywords: Innovation, R&D, Internationalization, Performance, SMEs.

THE IMPORTANCE OF INTERNAL KNOWLEDGE GENERATION AND EXTERNAL KNOWLEDGE SOURCING FOR SME INNOVATION AND PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM IRELAND

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (07) ◽  
pp. 1950069
Author(s):  
JUSTIN DORAN ◽  
NOIRIN McCARTHY ◽  
MARIE O’CONNOR
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Product Innovation ◽  
Process Innovation ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Knowledge Sources ◽  
Knowledge Sourcing ◽  
External Knowledge ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

This paper analyses the knowledge sourcing, transformation, and exploitation stages of the innovation value chain for a sample of Irish small to medium sized enterprises (SMEs) using Community Innovation Survey data. It explores the role of internal research and development (R&D) and external knowledge on SMEs’ innovation and performance. The open innovation paradigm, which stresses the importance of external linkages, is used to examine the impact of different external knowledge sources on SMEs’ innovation. The consideration of external linkages in the innovation performance of SMEs is crucial as these firms may be constrained in their ability to perform R&D due to their size. The analysis expands the traditional CDM methodology beyond the consideration of research and development as the sole source of knowledge for innovation by also considering a range of potential external knowledge sources. The findings indicate that SMEs generate knowledge internally through the performance of R&D, while also exploiting linkages to external agents. However, the impact of external sources of knowledge is not uniform. The results suggest that backward linkages have a positive impact on SME product innovation, but negatively affect SME process innovation, while public knowledge sources are positively related to the probability of product innovation occurring. This may have important policy implications. Finally, process innovation is also found to be a key determinant of SME productivity, while product innovation has no impact on SME performance.

scholarly journals You Aren’t What You Wear: An Exploration into Infinifat Identity Construction and Performance through Fashion

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Calla Evans
Keyword(s):  
Identity Construction ◽  
Fat Studies ◽  
Social Spaces ◽  
Fashion Studies ◽  
Identity Markers ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experiences Of Women

Through remote wardrobe interviews with five self-identified infinifat participants, this paper explores how those existing in a body larger than a US dress-size 32 access fashion. The majority of research that has occurred at the intersection of fat studies and fashion studies has focused on the fashion and dressing experiences of women who fit the conventional definition of “plus-size.” Commercially available, mass-produced fashion options drop off dramatically for women larger than a US dress-size 28 and become almost non-existent for those who are a size 32 or larger. By focusing on infinifat or superfat people who exist beyond a size 32 I draw attention to the impact that the lack of access to fashion has on the subjectivities infinifat people can perform. The findings in this paper build from existing literature on plus-size dressing that focuses on limitations in identity construction and performance experienced by those who are able to access commercially available plus-size fashion. Without readily available, situationally-appropriate clothing, infinifat and superfat people are limited in the subjectivities they can perform and are excluded from specific social spaces. This exclusion serves to remarginalize an already marginalized group and is felt most acutely by those who embody additional marginalized identity markers, such as those who are racialized or living in poverty. In this way, the findings presented in this paper further address the infinifat-sized gain existing literature on plus-size dressing and lay the foundation for future work that engages with the infinifatshion community.

scholarly journals Impact of integration management on performance in the UAE

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Mohammed Alnahhal ◽  
Qasem Alshehhi ◽  
Ahmad Sakhrieh ◽  
Shadi Altawil ◽  
Mosab I. Tabash
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Company Performance ◽  
Supplier Integration ◽  
Integration Management ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Integration management is a significant factor of success in different types of organizations. Yet, the definition of integration management and ways to measure performance in a comprehensive framework need to be investigated in different environments. This paper analyzes the impact of integration management practices on company performance in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The study uses a questionnaire that was designed with constructs and dimensions following the literature review. The components of integration management are supply chain integration, supplier integration, customer integration, knowledge transfer with customers, and managing knowledge transfer channels with customers. A questionnaire was distributed among organizations in the UAE. Statistical analysis methods were employed to analyze 94 responses, e.g. reliability tests, ANOVA, and correlation analysis. The results show that integration management improves organizational performance to a considerable degree in the UAE. The impact of these practices was positive and significant on the performance of organizations, with an average correlation coefficient of 0.81. The comprehensive assessment for integration best practices and performance and their relationship are done for the first time in the context of the UAE organizations.

Open for business: The impact of creative team environment and innovative behaviour in technology-based start-ups

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Zhou ◽  
Robert Verburg
Keyword(s):  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Team Environment ◽  
Innovative Behaviour ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Creative Team

Rather than the view of the entrepreneur as a ‘lone ranger’, recent work has focused on the importance of teams in bringing a start-up to growth and success. Here, we aim to bridge the gap between the individual characteristics of entrepreneurs and the characteristics of their teams by examining openness of founders in relation to creative team environment (CTE), innovative work behaviour (IWB) and performance. On the basis of upper echelon theory and integrating other complementary theories such as the attention-based view, we develop a theoretical framework and test this using a survey of 322 high-tech entrepreneurs. Our findings suggest a mediating role of CTE and IWB in the relation between openness of entrepreneurs and performance. The implications of the results for managerial practices and future research directions are discussed.

The impact of modelling decisions in hydrological modelling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janneke Remmers ◽  
Ryan Teuling ◽  
Lieke Melsen
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Reasoning ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Modelling Environment ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modular Modelling ◽  
Modelling Process

<p>Scientific hydrological modellers make multiple decisions during the modelling process, e.g. related to the calibration period and performance metrics. These decisions affect the model results differently. Modelling decisions can refer to several steps in the modelling process. In this project, modelling decisions refer to the decisions made during the whole modelling process, not just the definition of the model structure. Each model output is a hypothesis of the reality; it is an interpretation of the real system underpinned by scientific reasoning and/or expert knowledge. Currently, there is a lack of knowledge and understanding about which modelling decisions are taken and why they are taken. Consequently, the influence of modelling decisions is unknown. Quantifying this influence, which is done in this study, can raise awareness among scientists. This study is based on analysis of interviews with scientific hydrological modellers, thus taking actual practices into account. Different modelling decisions were identified from the interviews, which are subsequently implemented and evaluated in a controlled modelling environment, in our case the modular modelling framework Raven. The variation in the results is analysed to determine which decisions affect the results and how they affect the results. This study pinpoints what aspects are important to consider in studying modelling decisions, and can be an incentive to clarify and improve modelling procedures.</p>

Irish song and the idea of tradition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Blankenhorn
Keyword(s):  
Social Contexts ◽  
Courtly Love ◽  
Prosodic Features ◽  
Literary Traditions ◽  
Irish Poetry ◽  
Anglo Norman ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
People Today

Defining ‘tradition’ as something passed on within a community that provides a matrix for its understanding of past events and present choices, this essay discusses the evolution of Irish poetry and song since 1200. It explores the connections between vernacular poetry and various learned (literary) traditions, including bardic poetry (syllabic verse) and the later ‘poetic courts’ and ‘schools of poetry’, in terms of themes, verse structure, social context, and sung performance. It demonstrates that while some practices were bound to specific social contexts, the strand that most people today identify as ‘the Irish song tradition’ still employs centuries-old themes including panegyric and the Anglo-Norman ‘courtly love’ rhetoric, and displays prosodic features evidenced in Middle Irish bardic sources. Finally, we consider the emergence of ‘tradition’ as a concept, the impact since 1850 of song collecting and technology on repertoire and performance, and the implications of ‘authenticity’ for today’s definition of ‘tradition’.

INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND PERFORMANCE OF NEW VENTURE HIGH-TECH FIRMS

2004 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 297-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORMA JUMA ◽  
G. TYGE PAYNE
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
New Venture ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Organizational Survival ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Intellectual capital (IC) has been proposed as an essential factor for organizational survival and maintenance of competitive strength. However, there has been very limited consensus on what encompasses IC and how it can best be conceptualized and measured. Further, very little empirical work has specifically examined the relationship between IC and financial performance. Given these shortcomings, this paper focuses first on the impact IC has on performance and secondly on the role strategic alliances may have on this relationship. While we argue that IC will impact performance, we anticipate this relationship will be moderated by strategic alliances and other inter-firm collaborations. Findings reveal interesting relationships that suggest further effort should be placed on the conceptualization and measurement of IC, specifically regarding its relationship to firm performance.

scholarly journals The effects of R&D intensity and internationalization on the performance of non-high-tech SMEs

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas WA Booltink ◽  
Ayse Saka-Helmhout
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
High Tech ◽  
High Tech Sector ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
D Investment ◽  
Level Of Risk

Research and Development (R&D) investment is seen as a fundamental driver of high-tech small and medium-sized (SME) firm performance. However, the same driver may be constraining growth among non-high-tech SMEs as it increases the level of risk faced by such firms. We challenge this argument by examining the relationship between R&D intensity and performance among non-high-tech SMEs. While the size of R&D investments is, by definition, limited in the non-high-tech sector, our study shows that such investments are important for non-high-tech firms. There is, however, an inverted U-shaped relationship between R&D intensity and performance among non-high-tech SMEs. Furthermore, increased internationalization leads non-high-tech SMEs to exploit their R&D investment more effectively to enhance firm performance, provided that R&D investment levels exceed a critical threshold.

scholarly journals FUNCTIONS OF ARTISTIC-PERFORMANCE SELF-EFFICIENCY OF A TEACHER OF MUSIC ART IN THE PEDAGOGICAL PROCESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (195) ◽  
pp. 164-167
Author(s):  
Xia Wang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Music Teacher ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Art Teacher ◽  
Creative Development ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Education Of Students ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the problem of the functions of artistic and performing self-efficacy of a music teacher in the pedagogical process. It is proved that the identification of the functions of performing and artistic self-efficacy plays a significant role in determining the theoretical and practical principles of improving the professional activity of a music teacher in modern conditions. Important functions of artistic and performing self-efficacy of a music art teacher are defined as: presentative-communicative, cognitive-evaluative, stimulating-developmental, constructive-transforming, reflexive-hedonistic. The presentative-communicative function is aimed at achieving the success of the teacher's professional activity, in particular the impact of his performance on the aesthetic education of students. The essence of this function is to demonstrate the teacher's creative personality while communicating with the student audience. In this sense, the artistic and performance presentation of the teacher is an important factor in achieving successful artistic and creative contact with students. Cognitive-evaluative function involves the teacher's ability to assess their performance, as well as the nature of the impact of music on the artistic and creative development of children. The stimulating-developmental function involves providing the teacher with the influence of art on the spiritual, aesthetic, musical development of students' personalities. The constructive-transforming function of the teacher's performance self-efficacy is to select a performance repertoire that would correspond to the teacher's artistic individuality, as well as correlate with pedagogical tasks. The reflexive-hedonistic function is focused on the teacher’s ability to objectively assess his performance skills, the ability to develop students ’listening abilities, and to enjoy communication with art. It is proved that the definition of the functions of artistic and performing self-efficacy of a teacher creates a theoretical basis for the development of methods of its formation at the art faculties of pedagogical universities

scholarly journals FUNCTIONAL STATE OF SEAMEN OPERATORS IN SEA VOYAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-264
Author(s):  
N. N. Plakhov ◽  
L. G. Buynov ◽  
L. P. Makarova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Cardiorespiratory System ◽  
Video Display Terminals ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

In the article there is considered the problem of the impact of factors of the long voyage on the body of sailors-operators of logical and sensory profile of the activity. The aim of the study is to estimate indices both of body functions and performance of marine specialists operators of video display terminals during the long voyage. The experimental group included 27 crew members from the command, the Navigator group, group of locations and communications, professionals exploiting videodisplay terminals. Functions of operators bodies during the period 65-day voyage were studied with the use of the techniques of the assessment of indices of the subjective status, cardiorespiratory, central nervous system and physical performance. There were established adverse changes in the functional state of the organism, pronounced by the decline in levels of conditioned-reflex activity, the exertion of the cardiorespiratory system at rest and in the deterioration of physical performance from the second month of sailing and persisting until the end of the voyage, despite the optimal level of factors of the habitability at the ship. The leading adverse factors included the decrease of the motor activity by 2.5 - 3 times if compared to pre-trip levels and the intense operator activity. This necessitated the development of manners and means of the preservation of the occupational health of seafarers-operators in long voyages, as well as the improvement of the hygienic regulations of the conditions of their professional activity in the courts.

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