The impact of modelling decisions in hydrological modelling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janneke Remmers ◽  
Ryan Teuling ◽  
Lieke Melsen
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Reasoning ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Modelling Environment ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modular Modelling ◽  
Modelling Process

<p>Scientific hydrological modellers make multiple decisions during the modelling process, e.g. related to the calibration period and performance metrics. These decisions affect the model results differently. Modelling decisions can refer to several steps in the modelling process. In this project, modelling decisions refer to the decisions made during the whole modelling process, not just the definition of the model structure. Each model output is a hypothesis of the reality; it is an interpretation of the real system underpinned by scientific reasoning and/or expert knowledge. Currently, there is a lack of knowledge and understanding about which modelling decisions are taken and why they are taken. Consequently, the influence of modelling decisions is unknown. Quantifying this influence, which is done in this study, can raise awareness among scientists. This study is based on analysis of interviews with scientific hydrological modellers, thus taking actual practices into account. Different modelling decisions were identified from the interviews, which are subsequently implemented and evaluated in a controlled modelling environment, in our case the modular modelling framework Raven. The variation in the results is analysed to determine which decisions affect the results and how they affect the results. This study pinpoints what aspects are important to consider in studying modelling decisions, and can be an incentive to clarify and improve modelling procedures.</p>

scholarly journals Moving towards a reliable HIV incidence test – current status, resources available, future directions and challenges ahead

2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (5) ◽  
pp. 925-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. MURPHY ◽  
C. D. PILCHER ◽  
S. M. KEATING ◽  
R. KASSANJEE ◽  
S. N. FACENTE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Critical Path ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Hiv Incidence ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Product Profile ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYIn 2011 the Incidence Assay Critical Path Working Group reviewed the current state of HIV incidence assays and helped to determine a critical path to the introduction of an HIV incidence assay. At that time the Consortium for Evaluation and Performance of HIV Incidence Assays (CEPHIA) was formed to spur progress and raise standards among assay developers, scientists and laboratories involved in HIV incidence measurement and to structure and conduct a direct independent comparative evaluation of the performance of 10 existing HIV incidence assays, to be considered singly and in combinations as recent infection test algorithms. In this paper we report on a new framework for HIV incidence assay evaluation that has emerged from this effort over the past 5 years, which includes a preliminary target product profile for an incidence assay, a consensus around key performance metrics along with analytical tools and deployment of a standardized approach for incidence assay evaluation. The specimen panels for this evaluation have been collected in large volumes, characterized using a novel approach for infection dating rules and assembled into panels designed to assess the impact of important sources of measurement error with incidence assays such as viral subtype, elite host control of viraemia and antiretroviral treatment. We present the specific rationale for several of these innovations, and discuss important resources for assay developers and researchers that have recently become available. Finally, we summarize the key remaining steps on the path to development and implementation of reliable assays for monitoring HIV incidence at a population level.

Wind Catcher Technology: The Impact of Tower Cross Section and Turbine on Wind Power Harnessing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan C. Corbett ◽  
Navid Goudarzi ◽  
Mohammadamin Sheikhshahrokhdehkordi
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Ducted Turbine ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Turbine Design ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This research explores utilizing distributed wind turbines in the built environment computationally. The targeted wind turbine design is an unconventional ducted turbine, called Wind Tower technology that its operation and performance metrics have been studied in earlier works in the team. Wind Tower is an established architectural technology that operates by catching wind and directing it into buildings, providing natural ventilation to support HVAC systems, and thus reducing cooling costs in urban environments. Wind power has long struggled to meet expectations in built (urban) environments. By combining wind towers at different cross sections with wind turbines, one might develop a device which provides natural ventilation and produces power in spite of a hostile wind environment. The preliminary results suggest that the maximum potential for a wind tower-turbine combination appears to be 700-1.46 kW under idealized conditions with a 4 m/s site dominant wind speed. This suggests that wind towers might be viable for power harvesting in both remote and grid connected regions. Further analysis suggested that additional turbine performance enhancements are needed to bring the turbine real power production closer to that ideal.

scholarly journals You Aren’t What You Wear: An Exploration into Infinifat Identity Construction and Performance through Fashion

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Calla Evans
Keyword(s):  
Identity Construction ◽  
Fat Studies ◽  
Social Spaces ◽  
Fashion Studies ◽  
Identity Markers ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experiences Of Women

Through remote wardrobe interviews with five self-identified infinifat participants, this paper explores how those existing in a body larger than a US dress-size 32 access fashion. The majority of research that has occurred at the intersection of fat studies and fashion studies has focused on the fashion and dressing experiences of women who fit the conventional definition of “plus-size.” Commercially available, mass-produced fashion options drop off dramatically for women larger than a US dress-size 28 and become almost non-existent for those who are a size 32 or larger. By focusing on infinifat or superfat people who exist beyond a size 32 I draw attention to the impact that the lack of access to fashion has on the subjectivities infinifat people can perform. The findings in this paper build from existing literature on plus-size dressing that focuses on limitations in identity construction and performance experienced by those who are able to access commercially available plus-size fashion. Without readily available, situationally-appropriate clothing, infinifat and superfat people are limited in the subjectivities they can perform and are excluded from specific social spaces. This exclusion serves to remarginalize an already marginalized group and is felt most acutely by those who embody additional marginalized identity markers, such as those who are racialized or living in poverty. In this way, the findings presented in this paper further address the infinifat-sized gain existing literature on plus-size dressing and lay the foundation for future work that engages with the infinifatshion community.

scholarly journals Impact of integration management on performance in the UAE

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Mohammed Alnahhal ◽  
Qasem Alshehhi ◽  
Ahmad Sakhrieh ◽  
Shadi Altawil ◽  
Mosab I. Tabash
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Company Performance ◽  
Supplier Integration ◽  
Integration Management ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Integration management is a significant factor of success in different types of organizations. Yet, the definition of integration management and ways to measure performance in a comprehensive framework need to be investigated in different environments. This paper analyzes the impact of integration management practices on company performance in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The study uses a questionnaire that was designed with constructs and dimensions following the literature review. The components of integration management are supply chain integration, supplier integration, customer integration, knowledge transfer with customers, and managing knowledge transfer channels with customers. A questionnaire was distributed among organizations in the UAE. Statistical analysis methods were employed to analyze 94 responses, e.g. reliability tests, ANOVA, and correlation analysis. The results show that integration management improves organizational performance to a considerable degree in the UAE. The impact of these practices was positive and significant on the performance of organizations, with an average correlation coefficient of 0.81. The comprehensive assessment for integration best practices and performance and their relationship are done for the first time in the context of the UAE organizations.

Irish song and the idea of tradition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Blankenhorn
Keyword(s):  
Social Contexts ◽  
Courtly Love ◽  
Prosodic Features ◽  
Literary Traditions ◽  
Irish Poetry ◽  
Anglo Norman ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
People Today

Defining ‘tradition’ as something passed on within a community that provides a matrix for its understanding of past events and present choices, this essay discusses the evolution of Irish poetry and song since 1200. It explores the connections between vernacular poetry and various learned (literary) traditions, including bardic poetry (syllabic verse) and the later ‘poetic courts’ and ‘schools of poetry’, in terms of themes, verse structure, social context, and sung performance. It demonstrates that while some practices were bound to specific social contexts, the strand that most people today identify as ‘the Irish song tradition’ still employs centuries-old themes including panegyric and the Anglo-Norman ‘courtly love’ rhetoric, and displays prosodic features evidenced in Middle Irish bardic sources. Finally, we consider the emergence of ‘tradition’ as a concept, the impact since 1850 of song collecting and technology on repertoire and performance, and the implications of ‘authenticity’ for today’s definition of ‘tradition’.

Assessing the Impact of Aviation System Performance by Using Airline Cost Functions

2000 ◽  
Vol 1703 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Hansen ◽  
David Gillen ◽  
Reza Djafarian-Tehrani
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Functions ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Multifactor Models ◽  
Important Benefit ◽  
Domestic Airlines ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

The manner in which changes in the performance of the U.S. National Airspace System (NAS) affect carrier costs is examined. The methodology includes estimation of airline cost functions that contain NAS performance metrics as arguments, using quarterly data for 10 U.S. domestic airlines. The primary interest is in the impact of delay on cost performance, and performance metrics that vary by airline and quarter are developed. The potentially large number of metrics are reduced by applying factor analysis to seven underlying variables, including average delay, delay variance, and the proportion of flights that are cancelled. The analysis reveals that variations in the seven variables can be adequately captured by three or fewer factors. The three factors used correspond to “delay,” “variability,” and “disruption,” the last two of which are merged into a single “irregularity” factor in the two-factor model. When used as arguments in an airline cost function, the “disruption” factor is found to be a significant contributor to airline costs in the three-factor model, as is the “irregularity” factor in the two-factor model. No significant effect is found for the delay factor in the multifactor models. These results challenge the prevailing assumption that delay reduction is the most important benefit from investments in NAS capital and operations rules. The carrier cost savings that would result from improved NAS performance levels are estimated, and these are compared with previously published estimates.

scholarly journals FUNCTIONS OF ARTISTIC-PERFORMANCE SELF-EFFICIENCY OF A TEACHER OF MUSIC ART IN THE PEDAGOGICAL PROCESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (195) ◽  
pp. 164-167
Author(s):  
Xia Wang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Music Teacher ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Art Teacher ◽  
Creative Development ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Education Of Students ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the problem of the functions of artistic and performing self-efficacy of a music teacher in the pedagogical process. It is proved that the identification of the functions of performing and artistic self-efficacy plays a significant role in determining the theoretical and practical principles of improving the professional activity of a music teacher in modern conditions. Important functions of artistic and performing self-efficacy of a music art teacher are defined as: presentative-communicative, cognitive-evaluative, stimulating-developmental, constructive-transforming, reflexive-hedonistic. The presentative-communicative function is aimed at achieving the success of the teacher's professional activity, in particular the impact of his performance on the aesthetic education of students. The essence of this function is to demonstrate the teacher's creative personality while communicating with the student audience. In this sense, the artistic and performance presentation of the teacher is an important factor in achieving successful artistic and creative contact with students. Cognitive-evaluative function involves the teacher's ability to assess their performance, as well as the nature of the impact of music on the artistic and creative development of children. The stimulating-developmental function involves providing the teacher with the influence of art on the spiritual, aesthetic, musical development of students' personalities. The constructive-transforming function of the teacher's performance self-efficacy is to select a performance repertoire that would correspond to the teacher's artistic individuality, as well as correlate with pedagogical tasks. The reflexive-hedonistic function is focused on the teacher’s ability to objectively assess his performance skills, the ability to develop students ’listening abilities, and to enjoy communication with art. It is proved that the definition of the functions of artistic and performing self-efficacy of a teacher creates a theoretical basis for the development of methods of its formation at the art faculties of pedagogical universities

scholarly journals Delivering on Purpose

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-129
Author(s):  
Yassine El Ouarzazi
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Baseline Performance ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
The Creation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pain Points

Chapter 8 describes the process of ecosystem orchestration in more detail. It sets out an eight-step process around: (a) establishing a purpose, (b) designing metrics that measure the purpose, (c) identifying the relevant stakeholders, (d) mapping their objectives, capabilities, relationships, and pain points (i.e. problems), (e) selecting the pain points in the ecosystem that the organization should address, (f) measuring the baseline performance metrics before the intervention, (g) identifying, testing, and implementing the interventions to address the pain points, and (h) measuring the impact of the interventions on purpose and performance. The chapter emphasizes that the process of ecosystem orchestration involves the company placing the interests of the ecosystem and the ecosystem’s purpose against the company’s own self-interest at the centre of its own purpose. In so doing, the company should embrace the creation of mutuality of benefits not for enlightened self-interest but on a commitment to delivering the ecosystem purpose.

scholarly journals A Scoping Review: The Impact of Housing Systems and Environmental Features on Beef Cattle Welfare

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Park ◽  
Margaret Foster ◽  
Courtney L. Daigle
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Environmental Features ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Housing systems and environmental features can influence beef cattle welfare. To date, little information has been synthesized on this topic. The aim of this scoping review was to examine the relationship between housing and welfare status, so that beef cattle producers and animal scientists can make informed decisions regarding how their housing choices could impact beef cattle welfare. Housing features were categorized by floor type, space allowance and shade availability, as well as the inclusion of enrichment devices or ventilation features. Evaluation of space allowances across feedlot environments determined behavioral and production benefits when cattle were housed between 2.5 m2 to 3.0 m2 per animal. Over 19 different flooring types were investigated and across flooring types; straw flooring was viewed most favorably from a behavioral, production and hygiene standpoint. Veal calves experience enhanced welfare (e.g., improved behavioral, physiological, and performance metrics) when group housed. There is evidence that the implementation of progressive housing modifications (e.g., shade, environmental enrichment) could promote the behavioral welfare of feedlot cattle. This review presents the advantages and disadvantages of specific housing features on the welfare of beef cattle.

scholarly journals R & D and Internationalization: Effect on the Performance of SMEs

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
David K. Chalmers ◽  
◽  
Emily W. Mannetta ◽  
Luca Sensini ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Sampling Design ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Design Data ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
Probabilistic Sample ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this research is to study the impact of research and development activities on the performance of SMEs operating in non-high-tech sectors. At the same time, this study also investigates the impact produced by internationalization on research and development activities and performance. This choice is driven by the fact that there are several studies focusing on large companies and high-tech companies, while only a few scholars have addressed this topic for non-high-tech SMEs. A sample of Italian companies was chosen to develop the survey. The companies interviewed were obtained from the Amadeus database, in accordance with the definition of SMEs of the European Commission. From all the population, we extracted a probabilistic sample based on stratified random sampling design. Data collection and information was carried out through a questionnaire. The use of this tool has made it possible to collect updated information on research and development, innovation, internationalization and other general aspects useful for research purposes. The results show that non-high-tech SMEs that invest in research and development get performance benefits up to an optimal level of investment. In addition, the results suggest that internationalization can increase performance. Keywords: Innovation, R&D, Internationalization, Performance, SMEs.

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