scholarly journals REVIEW: MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF HEAVY METALS REMOVAL FROM PETROLEUM REFINERY WASTEWATER

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (Special) ◽  
pp. 3-31-3-42
Author(s):  
Zainab A. Gadooa ◽  
◽  
Mohammed N. Abbas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Petroleum Refinery ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Realistic Model ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Current Analysis ◽  
Metals Removal ◽  
Petroleum Refinery Wastewater ◽  
Column Adsorption ◽  
Process Perspective

Adsorption is a commonly used procedure in environmental applications in the chemical industry. In comparison proposed mathematical models to explain batch adsorption as it relates to isotherms and kinetics, fixed-bed or column adsorption has a dearth of models to describe and forecast. While the latter is the most common alternative in practice. The current analysis begins with a brief overview of basic concepts and mathematical models used to characterize batch adsorption's mass transfer and isotherm behavior, which dominates Natural adsorption behavior in columns. Following that, the commonly used models for predicting the breakthrough curve, such as the Clark, Thomas, Adams-Bohart, and Yoon-Nelson models, are fleetingly discussed from a mathematical and process perspective. Their fundamental characteristics are also discussed, including their benefits and intrinsic flaws. This analysis can aid those who are involved in adsorption in columns in selecting or developing a correct and realistic model for their research and applications.

scholarly journals Removal of Dyes from Wastewater of Artisanal Dyeing Plants by Adsorption in a Fixed Bed Column of Deactivated Lichens

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Kouassi Kouadio Dobi-Brice ◽  
Yacouba Zoungranan ◽  
Dje Daniel Yannick ◽  
Ekou Lynda ◽  
Ekou Tchirioua
Keyword(s):  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Fixed Bed Column ◽  
Good Efficiency ◽  
Continuous Adsorption ◽  
Column Adsorption ◽  
Study Laboratory

Aims: Pollution by wastewaters from various urban activities such as artisanal dyeing plants is a real problem for developing countries. The treatment of wastewater by the adsorption method is carried out by means of less expensive and available adsorbent media. Two techniques of the adsorption method are possible: adsorption in continuous mode (column adsorption) and adsorption in discontinuous mode (batch adsorption). The choice of the continuous adsorption technique is justified by its ability to process large volumes of solutions. In this study, dyes contained in wastewater from artisanal dyeing plants were removed by continuous adsorption in a fixed-bed column of deactivated lichen biomass (Parmotrema dilatatum). Study Design: Random design Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Thermodynamics and Environmental Physico-Chemistry (University Nangui Abrogoua, Ivory Coast) between May 2020 and October 2020. Methodology: Four (4) categories of wastewater were collected in artisanal cotton and leather dyeing plants through two municipalities of the city of Abidjan, economic capital of Ivory Coast. Two (2) wastewaters colored in blue from dyeing of cotton boubous and jeans and two (2) wastewaters colored in red from dyeing of leather jackets and bags. These wastewaters were treated through the fixed bed column of deactivated lichens. The column feed rate was set at 0, 07 L.min-1 and the adsorbent bed mass at 100 g. Results: The study showed that, regardless of the nature of the dyed object and regardless of the target dye, the amount of dye adsorbed was better with waters of higher initial concentration. Thus the best amount of adsorbed dye is 44.444 mg.g-1 and the best removal rate is 97.9%. These values are obtained with the red wastewater of bags (RWB) treatment which was the most concentrated wastewater. Conclusion: Good efficiency of deactivated lichen bed as adsorbent for the in situ removal of dyes from wastewater by continuous adsorption.

scholarly journals Simulations of breakthrough curves for fixed-bed column adsorption of Cobalt (II) ions on spent tea leaves

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kibrewossen Tesfagiorgis ◽  
Abel E. Navarro ◽  
Bow Ming Chen ◽  
Nicholas Herrera ◽  
Joel Hernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Surface Heterogeneity ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Residual Concentration ◽  
Fixed Bed Column ◽  
Natural Logarithm ◽  
Column Adsorption

Abstract The objective of this study is to model the breakthrough adsorption curves of Co (II) ions using spent tealeaves in fixed-bed column experiments. Spent leaves of green tea (GT), peppermint tea (PM) and chamomile (CM) were packed in glass columns with a diameter of 2 cm and height of 15 cm, and used as filters for the removal of the pollutant. Aqueous solutions of Cobalt (II) ions (100 mg/L) at pH 6 were prepared and pumped against gravity through the columns at a uniform flow rate of 5 mL/min. Breakthrough curves were fitted for the residual concentration data using the Thomas, Yoon-Nelson, and Clark models, with added empirical terms to delineate the lower tail of the breakthrough curve. These mathematical models were successfully linearized using the natural logarithm for parameter estimation. The results reveal that the Co (II) adsorption fits all three models for all the adsorbents. The Thomas model indicated that the calculated adsorption capacities followed the trend: PM > GT > CM with values of 59.7, 25.2, and 24.9 mg/g respectively. Moreover, CM showed the highest adsorption rates with all the mathematical models, whereas Yoon-Nelson theory provided evidence that PM has the longest 50% adsorption breakthrough among the adsorbents. Lastly, morphological and textural studies indicate that all spent leaves are good candidates as adsorbents due to their high surface heterogeneity. This study proposes the use of spent tealeaves as Co (II) adsorbents because they are inexpensive and environmentally beneficial.

scholarly journals Statistical Optimization and Modeling of Methylene Blue Adsorption Onto Graphene Oxide in Batch and Fixed-Bed Column

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Habib Koolivand ◽  
Afsaneh Shahbazi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Fixed Bed Column ◽  
Column Adsorption ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Real Wastewater

The batch and fixed-bed column adsorption of methylene blue (MB), a widely used toxic dye, onto graphene oxide (GO) was investigated in this study. GO was synthesized using modified Hummers method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize batch and fixed-bed column adsorption of MB. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out by central composite design (CCD) with three input parameters including initial MB concentration (C0: 50-350 mg/L), GO dosage (D: 0.05-0.7 g/L), and pH (pH: 3-9). The adsorption capacity of GO for MB removal in the optimum level of factors (C0: 50 mg/L, D: 0.05 g/L, and pH: 8.5) was predicted by the model to be 700 mg/g. Adsorption kinetic data were tested using pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and intraparticle diffusion models. The kinetic experimental data was well fitted with pseudo-second order kinetic model (R2=1). The adsorption of MB onto GO demonstrated that Langmuir model (R2=0.999) could better fit the adsorption data than the Freundlich model (R2=0.914). Thermodynamic parameters including enthalpy (ΔH), Gibbs free energy (ΔG), and entropy (ΔS) were also investigated. Positive value of ΔH and negative value of ΔG indicated the endothermic and spontaneous nature of the adsorption. The positive value of ΔS also showed increased randomness at the solid/liquid interface during the adsorption of MB onto GO. The real wastewater experiment at optimum conditions showed high performance of adsorbent in the presence of other ions. Fixed-bed column experiments were designed using a three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design (BBD) to investigate the single and combined effects of influent concentration (Cinf: 50-200 mg/L), flow rate (Q: 0.25-0.8 mL/min), and bed height (BH: 3-7 cm). MB removal from GO in the optimum levels of factors (Cinf: 51 mg/L, BH: 5.7 cm, and Q: 0.25 mL/min) was predicted by the model to be 86% (qe=459.3 mg/g). Fixed-bed experimental data were also fitted well to the Thomas and BDST models. The results showed that GO can be used as an efficient adsorbent for batch and fixed-bed adsorption of cationic dyes from synthetic and real wastewater.

Optimization and Control Petroleum Refinery Wastewater Treatment Systems — Status, Trends and Needs

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-477
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Nutt
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Process Control ◽  
Petroleum Refinery ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Refinery Wastewater ◽  
Statistical Process ◽  
Petroleum Refinery Wastewater ◽  
Optimization And Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

Abstract Based on discussions in workshop sessions, several recurring themes became evident with respect to the optimization and control of petroleum refinery wastewater treatment systems to achieve effective removal of toxic contaminants. It was apparent that statistical process control (SPC) techniques are finding more widespread use and have been found to be effective. However, the implementation of real-time process control strategies in petroleum refinery wastewater treatment systems is in its infancy. Considerable effort will need to be expended to demonstrate the practicality of on-line sensors, and the utility of automated process control in petroleum refinery wastewater treatment systems. This paper provides a summary of the discussions held at the workshop.

Online Instrumentation of Petroleum Refinery Wastewater Treatment Plants

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Petroleum Refinery ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Refinery Wastewater ◽  
Analytical Instruments ◽  
Petroleum Refinery Wastewater ◽  
Sample Characterization ◽  
Industry Wastewater

Abstract Several online analytical instruments are commercially available to allow continuous monitoring of petroleum industry wastewater treatment plants. Satisfactory usage of these instruments requires -special attention for sample preconditioning and sample characterization prior to selection. Specific examples of the available instruments are provided. Effective maintenance of instruments is emphasized.

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