scholarly journals Detection of Johne's disease in an Iowa (United States) dairy herd : comparisons of the milk ELISA, serum ELISA, Gamma-Interferon and fecal culture tests and the effect of a skin-test using a cell-free sonicate of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (19698) on the production of Gamma-Interferon

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Kirkpatrick
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Fecal Culture ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Milk Elisa ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽  
Serum Elisa

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Rapid Fecal PCR Test for Detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Dairy Cattle

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1125-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott J. Wells ◽  
Michael T. Collins ◽  
Kay S. Faaberg ◽  
Carrie Wees ◽  
Saraya Tavornpanich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Fecal Culture ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Concentration Method ◽  
Taqman Pcr ◽  
Milk Elisa ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis

ABSTRACT A high-throughput TaqMan PCR assay for detection of bovine paratuberculosis was evaluated by using fecal samples from 1,808 dairy cattle in seven naturally infected herds and 347 dairy cattle in seven herds considered free of paratuberculosis. Fecal, blood, and milk samples were submitted to laboratories where the PCR-based assay, three different fecal culture procedures for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (centrifugation, sedimentation, and the BACTEC filter concentration method), two serologic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), and one milk ELISA were performed. Results from testing of dairy cattle in herds free of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis showed that the PCR assay's specificity was 99.7%. Twenty-three percent of the dairy cows that were fecal culture positive by at least one of the three methods were positive by the PCR assay. By Bayesian non-“gold standard” analysis methods, the TaqMan PCR assay had a higher specificity than the serum ELISAs (99.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 98.6 to 99.7%) and a test sensitivity similar to that of the serum ELISAs (29%; 95% CI = 24 to 35%). By classical methods, the estimated relative sensitivity of the fecal PCR assay was 4% for light and moderate fecal shedders (compared to 12 to 13% for the ELISAs) and 76% for heavy fecal shedders (compared to 67% for the milk ELISA). The PCR assay has higher sensitivity for detection of heavy fecal shedders than the evaluated milk ELISA but lower sensitivity than a serum or milk ELISA for detection of light and moderate fecal shedders. This assay can be used as a quick test for detection of cattle with heavy fecal shedding, those cattle with the highest risk of transmitting infection to susceptible cattle.

scholarly journals Fecal culture and two fecal-PCR methods for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in a seropositive herd

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-115
Author(s):  
Nathalia M Correa-Valencia ◽  
◽  
Nicolás F Ramírezn ◽  
Michael Bülte ◽  
Jorge A Fernández-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp ◽  
Fecal Culture ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis

scholarly journals Elucidating Transmission Patterns of Endemic Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Using Molecular Epidemiology

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Mitchell ◽  
Annabelle Beaver ◽  
Elena Knupfer ◽  
Abani Pradhan ◽  
Terry Fyock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽  
A Minor

Mycobacterial diseases are persistent and characterized by lengthy latent periods. Thus, epidemiological models require careful delineation of transmission routes. Understanding transmission routes will improve the quality and success of control programs. We aimed to study the infection dynamics of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), the causal agent of ruminant Johne’s disease, and to distinguish within-host mutation from individual transmission events in a longitudinally MAP-defined dairy herd in upstate New York. To this end, semi-annual fecal samples were obtained from a single dairy herd over the course of seven years, in addition to tissue samples from a selection of culled animals. All samples were cultured for MAP, and multi-locus short-sequence repeat (MLSSR) typing was used to determine MAP SSR types. We concluded from these precise MAP infection data that, when the tissue burden remains low, the majority of MAP infections are not detectable by routine fecal culture but will be identified when tissue culture is performed after slaughter. Additionally, we determined that in this herd vertical infection played only a minor role in MAP transmission. By means of extensive and precise longitudinal data from a single dairy herd, we have come to new insights regarding MAP co-infections and within-host evolution.

Herd-level prevalence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in United States dairy herds in 2007

2013 ◽  
Vol 108 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 234-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Lombard ◽  
I.A. Gardner ◽  
S.R. Jafarzadeh ◽  
C.P. Fossler ◽  
B. Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Herd Level ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis

scholarly journals Validation of an in-house real-time PCR fecal assay and comparison with two commercial assays for the antemortem detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in culled sheep

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Arsenault ◽  
Jagdip Singh Sohal ◽  
Anne Leboeuf ◽  
Pierre Hélie ◽  
Gilles Fecteau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp ◽  
Fecal Culture ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis

Paratuberculosis is a chronic infectious enteritis of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). In sheep, the antemortem detection of the infection is challenging given the slow progression of the disease and the lack of sensitive, specific, and cost-effective validated tests. We adapted an in-house real-time PCR (rtPCR) assay targeting the multi-copy IS 900 element of MAP. The sensitivity and specificity of this essay for the detection of MAP infection were estimated in a convenience sample of culled ewes from 7 infected flocks and compared to a commercial fecal rtPCR, a commercial ELISA, and fecal culture. An infected ewe was defined as a ewe with a positive culture of the ileum and/or mesenteric lymph node. A non-infected ewe was defined as a ewe negative in intestinal tissue culture, negative in fecal culture, and with no lesions consistent with paratuberculosis. The in-house rtPCR had a sensitivity estimate of 84% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 59%, 97%) among the 44 infected ewes, which was significantly higher ( p ⩽ 0.05) than the sensitivity of a commercial fecal rtPCR (52%, 95% CI: 27%, 76%; or 63%, 95% CI: 35%, 87% depending on the cutoff used), an ELISA (14%, 95% CI:2.0%, 41%), and fecal culture (21%, 95% CI: 2.7%, 59%). No statistical difference in assay specificities was observed for the 30 non-infected ewes. The in-house rtPCR is a promising tool that could be used advantageously for the antemortem detection of MAP infection in sheep.

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