The condition of the enzymatic antioxidant system in the retina in experimental diabetes and application of vitamin B6

Along with specific adaptive reactions, universal defense reactions, in particular activation of antioxidant system, are of great importance for plant survival under cold conditions. We have studied a relationship among the content of low-molecular-weight protective compounds with antioxidant properties (proline, soluble carbohydrates, flavonoids), the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and guaiacol peroxidase) in seedlings of winter wheat, rye and triticale, and frost resistance of etiolated seedlings and adult plants at tillering stage. It was found that there was a fairly close correlation between the frost resistance of seedlings and adult cereal plants (r = 0,78). It was shown that a pronounced relationship between individual indicators of antioxidant system functioning in unhardened seedlings and their frost resistance was not found. After 6-day hardening of seedlings at 2-4°C, there was a high correlation between the total indicator of the enzymatic antioxidant system (the sum of normalized indicators of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activity) and their frost resistance (r = 0,86), but the correlation coefficient of this index with frost resistance of plants in tillering phase was significantly lower (r = 0,47). At the same time, a high correlation was found between the content of low-molecular-weight protectors in hardened seedlings and frost resistance of tillering adult plants (r = 0.89). The closest correlation was observed between the integral normalized indicator, comprising the sum of normalized values of antioxidant enzymes activity and the content of low-molecular-weight protectors in hardened seedlings, and frost resistance of seedlings (r = 0,94) and plants in tillering phase (r = 0,89). A presence of specific features in the functioning of antioxidant system during cold adaptation of cereal seedlings was established. Rye is characterized by a high content of low-molecular-weight protective compounds; at the same time, increased activity of antioxidant enzymes - superoxide dismutase and catalase - was noted in wheat seedlings. In triticale, depending on the genotype, the values of both enzymatic antioxidant activity and the content of low-molecular-weight protectors varied.

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Antioxidant enzyme activities in rabbits under oxidative stress induced by high fat diet

Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.2478/jvetres-2018-0019 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 199-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marta Skowron ◽

Jolanta Zalejska-Fiolka ◽

Urszula Błaszczyk ◽

Ewa Chwalińska ◽

Aleksander Owczarek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzyme ◽

Antioxidant System ◽

Oxidative Status ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

High Fat ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽

High Fat Diets ◽

Fat Diets ◽

Increased Activity ◽

Total Superoxide Dismutase

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate whether the type and form of oil (raw/non-oxidised (N) or post-frying/oxidised (O)) consumed in high-fat diets affect the oxidative status of an organism, as observed by malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration as an oxidative factor and antioxidant enzyme activity.Material and MethodsFats in the diet came from rapeseed oil (R) and olive oil (O).ResultsThe applied diet caused a decrease in MDA concentration (μmol/L) in serum in group RN from 2.94 ± 0.87 to 1.76 ± 0.13, in group ON from 2.45 ± 0.62 to 1.50 ± 0.10, and in group OO from 2.70 ± 1.16 to 1.84 ± 0.36. Meanwhile, MDA concentration (mmol/L) increased in blood haemolysate in group RO from 0.15 ± 0.07 to 0.22 ± 0.03 and in group OO from 0.17 ± 0.02 to 0.22 ± 0.02. The observed changes caused a response of the enzymatic antioxidant system in both models, especially followed by an increase in activities of total superoxide dismutase and its mitochondrial isoenzyme in all experimental groups, while its cytosolic isoenzyme activity increased only in ON and OO groups. Increased activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in groups RN and RO and of catalase (CAT) in groups ON and OO was observed. Significant differences in responses to the different types and forms of oils were probably caused by the different oxidative stability of the studied oils.ConclusionThis diet disturbed the body’s oxidative status; however, during the six-month study the enzymatic antioxidant system remained effective.

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THE EFFECT OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO LEAD ON THE NON-ENZYMATIC ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM

Medycyna Pracy ◽

10.13075/mp.5893.00025 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 443-451 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Michał Dobrakowski ◽

Jolanta Zalejska-Fiolka ◽

Tomasz Wielkoszyński ◽

Elżbieta Świętochowska ◽

Sławomir Kasperczyk

Keyword(s):

Occupational Exposure ◽

Antioxidant System ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidant

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Ethylene Induction of Non-Enzymatic Metabolic Antioxidants in Matricaria chamomilla

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25235720 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (23) ◽

pp. 5720

Author(s):

Veronika Petrulova ◽

Maria Vilkova ◽

Zuzana Kovalikova ◽

Matus Sajko ◽

Miroslav Repcak

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant System ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽

Matricaria Chamomilla ◽

Chlorogenic Acids ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Phytochemical Content ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽

Dicaffeoylquinic Acid

Phytochemical investigations of Matricaria chamomilla L. (Asteraceae) stated the presence of several compounds with an established therapeutic and antioxidant potential. The chamomile non-enzymatic antioxidant system includes low molecular mass compounds, mainly polyphenols such as cinnamic, hydroxybenzoic and chlorogenic acids, flavonoids and coumarins. The objective of this work was to evaluate the role of the non-enzymatic antioxidant system after stimulation by ethylene in tetraploid chamomile plants. Seven days of ethylene treatment significantly increased the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, which influenced the biosynthesis of protective polyphenols in the first step of their biosynthetic pathway. Subsequently, considerable enhanced levels of phenolic metabolites with a substantial antioxidant effect (syringic, vanillic and caffeic acid, 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, quercetin, luteolin, daphnin, and herniarin) were determined by HPLC-DAD-MS. The minimal information on the chlorogenic acids function in chamomile led to the isolation and identification of 5-O-feruloylquinic acid. It is accumulated during normal conditions, but after the excessive effect of abiotic stress, its level significantly decreases and levels of other caffeoylquinic acids enhance. Our results suggest that ethephon may act as a stimulant of the production of pharmaceutically important non-enzymatic antioxidants in chamomile leaves and thus, lead to an overall change in phytochemical content and therapeutic effects of chamomile plants, as well.

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Enzymatic antioxidant defence mechanisms of maize and sorghum after exposure to and recovery from pre- and post-flowering dehydration

Acta Agronomica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aagr.57.2009.4.7 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 445-459 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. Takele ◽

J. Farrant

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant System ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽

Antioxidant Protection ◽

Protection Mechanism ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽

Mda Content ◽

Sorghum Production

Drought stress is often the most limiting factor for maize and sorghum production in the semi-arid areas. This study evaluates the enzymatic antioxidant protection mechanism response of maize (cv Melkassa-2) and sorghum (cv. Macia) after exposure to and recovery from pre- and post-flowering dehydration.The response of enzymatic antioxidant protection systems revealed that in both test crops dehydration during both the pre- and post-flowering stages resulted in increased activities of enzymatic antioxidant protection mechanisms (SOD, GR, CAT and APX). There were, however, differences between the species in the type and extent of enhanced developmentally-induced and dehydration-induced antioxidant activities. Differences were also noticed in the relative water contents at which changes in enzymatic antioxidant activities occurred. Under dehydration conditions, sorghum was generally found to have relatively higher enzymatic antioxidant activities, providing it better protection against oxidative stress by minimizing the level of lipid peroxidation.Lipid peroxidation, measured as MDA content, was increased in both species during pre- and post-flowering dehydration, but the increase was greater in maize than in sorghum during both developmental stages. Sorghum appeared to be able to reduce MDA on rehydration, but maize contained only 85% less MDA after rehydration as compared to the control following pre-flowering rehydration. During post-flowering rehydration, neither species was able to decrease the MDA content to the control level.The results indicated that tolerance to drought in sorghum is well associated with the consistent enhanced capacity of the enzymatic antioxidant system under both pre- and post-flowering dehydration conditions, and that the sensitivity of maize to drought is linearly correlated to the decreased capacity of the antioxidant system. It may be concluded that, since differences were observed between the species in the response of enzymatic antioxidants to pre- and post-flowering dehydration/rehydration, with sorghum exhibiting comparatively higher overall activities of enzymatic antioxidants and a lower level of MDA than maize during both pre- and post-flowering dehydration, selection based on these criteria may help in the development of genotypes tolerant to dehydration.

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