scholarly journals MEASUREMENTS OF THE RESIDUAL STRESSES IN THE WELDED STEEL COLUMNS BASED ON THE X-RAY DIFFRACTION METHOD (Part II)

1982 ◽  
Vol 321 (0) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
KIYOSHI KANETA ◽  
HIDEKAZU NISHIZAWA ◽  
MASAKI ARASHIYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Welded Steel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Steel Columns

Shakedown During Fatigue of Residual Stresses Introduced by Different Mechanical Surface Treatments

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Gill ◽  
Philip J. Withers ◽  
Alex Evans ◽  
Neil Fox ◽  
Koichi Akita
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Glass Bead ◽  
Compressive Residual Stress ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cold Worked

A layer of compressive residual stress extending from the surface of a component can help to extend fatigue life, but it must remain stable during applied service loading. Metal shot and glass bead peening are traditionally used; introducing a shallow (100–300μm) layer of compressive residual stress and a highly cold worked surface. Laser peening and deep rolling are capable of introducing much deeper compressive residual stresses combined with lower levels of cold work. In this paper we report on the level of shakedown of residual stress brought about by constant strain amplitude fatigue. Glass and metal shot peened, laser peened and deep rolled Ti-6Al-4V samples have been studied. The residual stress profiles as a function of depth have been measured using neutron diffraction, laboratory x-ray diffraction and a hybrid hole-drilling/laboratory x-ray diffraction method. The magnitude and depth of cold work determined for each of the treatment methods. The extent of subsequent residual stress shakedown under different strain amplitudes and load ratios, in deep rolled, glass bead and metal shot peened samples is also assessed.

scholarly journals Measurements of Residual Stresses in a Shape Welded Steel Tube by Neutron and X-Ray Diffraction

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 231-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kockelmann ◽  
G. D. Bokuchava ◽  
J. Schreiber ◽  
Yu. V. Taran
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Welded Steel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Compressive Stresses ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Strain Components ◽  
Tangential Directions

Shape welding of a ferritic steel layer on an austenitic steel tube is used to build compressive stresses on its outer surface, and as a result, suppress stress corrosion. Investigations of residual stresses in such bi-layer tubes are important for developing optimal welding techniques. The neutron and X-ray diffraction methods were used to analyze the stress behavior around the welded region on the tube. To this end, strain components in the radial, axial and tangential directions were measured across the weld. The results are compared to the data obtained by the destructive turning out technique and theoretical predictions by the finite element method.

Residual Stresses in Butt Welding of Two Circular Pipes: An Experimental and Numerical Investigation

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurinder Singh Brar
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Element Model ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Welding is a reliable and efficient joining process in which the coalescence of metals is achieved by fusion. Welding is carried out with a very complex thermal cycle which results in irreversible elastic-plastic deformation and residual stresses in and around fusion zone and heat affected zone (HAZ). A residual stress due to welding arises from the differential heating of the plates due to the weld heat source. Residual stresses may be an advantage or disadvantage in structural components depending on their nature and magnitude. The beneficial effect of these compressive stresses have been widely used in industry as these are believed to increase fatigue strength of the component and reduce stress corrosion cracking and brittle fracture. But due to the presence of residual stresses in and around the weld zone the strength and life of the component is also reduced. To understand the behavior of residual stresses, two 10 mm thick Fe410WC mild steel plates are butt welded using the Metal Active Gas (MAG) process. An experimental method (X-ray diffraction) and numerical analysis (finite element analysis) were then carried out to calculate the residual stress values in the welded plates. Three types of V-butt weld joint — two-pass, three-pass and four-pass were considered in this study. In multi-pass welding operation the residual stress pattern developed in the material changes with each weld pass. In X-ray diffraction method, the residual stresses were derived from the elastic strain measurements using a Young’s modulus value of 210 GPa and Poisson’s ratio of 0.3. Finite element method based, SolidWorks software was used to develop coupled thermal-mechanical three dimension finite element model. The finite element model was evaluated for the transient temperatures and residual stresses during welding. Also variations of the physical and mechanical properties of material with the temperature were taken into account. The numerical results for peak transverse residual stresses attained in the welded plates for two-pass, three-pass and four-pass welded joint were 67.7 N/mm2, 58.6 N/mm2, and 48.1 N/mm2 respectively. The peak temperature attained during welding process comes out to be 970°C for two-pass weld, 820.8°C for three-pass weld and 651.9°C for four-pass weld. It can be concluded that due to increase in the number of passes during welding process or deposition weld beads, the residual stresses and temperature distribution decrease. Also, the results obtained by finite element method agree well with those from experimental X-ray diffraction method.

X-ray Residual Stress Measurement of Ground Surface of Metal-Ceramic Composite

1990 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 679-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenjiro Yajima ◽  
Yukio Hirose ◽  
Yoichi Kishi ◽  
Kaisuke Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Ceramic Composite ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Ceramic ◽  
Grinding Conditions ◽  
Machine Parts

Machine parts made of ceramics are usually finished by grinding. Residual stresses as well as defects introduced by grinding will influence the fracture strength and the function of the ceramic parts. Although several investigators measured the grinding residual stresses by the X-ray diffraction method, their grinding conditions were rather limited.

Effects of Vibration Energy Input on Stress Concentration in Weld and Heat-Affected Zone of S355J2 Steel

2010 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurimas Jurčius ◽  
Algirdas Vaclovas Valiulis ◽  
Olegas Černašejus
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Mechanical Vibration ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Metal Structures ◽  
X Ray

The existence of residual stresses induced by the welding process is an important reason of cracking and distortion in welded metal structures that may affect the fatigue life and dimensional stability significantly [1]. Heat treatment is one of the traditional methods to relieve the residual stresses. But it is often limited by the manufacturing condition and the size of the structures. In this paper a procedure called vibratory stress relief (VSR) is discussed. VSR is the process to reduce and re-distribute the internal residual stresses of welded structures by means of weldment mechanical vibration during welding. Parameters of VSR procedure are described in the paper. Residual stresses on weld bead are measured in three different specimens by X-ray diffraction method. Mechanical tests of welded specimens were also performed with purpose to evaluate VSR effect in weld metal and heat affected zone (HAZ).

A Residual Stress Measurement Technique for Turbine Blade Dovetails

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takero Kawamura ◽  
Masanobu Baba ◽  
Naoto Ozawa ◽  
Yukihisa Sugiyama
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Special Technique ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Blade Root

In aeroengines or industrial gas turbine blades, it is important to estimate the residual stresses at the surface of the blade root to ensure the structural integrity of the part. Most turbine blades are investment cast superalloys and it is difficult to apply the standard X-ray diffraction method to measure the residual stresses, because of the presence of a coarse grain size in these parts. Therefore a special technique was adopted to enable an estimate of the residual stresses at the surface of the turbine blade dovetail, which is a typical feature of the blade root. This method consists of a combination of the curvature method and the FE analysis. After obtaining a good agreement between the results using this method with the standard X-ray diffraction method in wrought Alloy 718 that possesses a very fine grain size, the residual stress distributions in the subsurface region of cast turbine blade dovetails were successfully obtained.

Evaluation of the Integrity of PWR Bimetallic Welds

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josette Devaux ◽  
Ge´rard Mottet ◽  
Jean-Michel Bergheau ◽  
Surender K. Bhandari ◽  
Claude Faidy
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Circumferential Crack ◽  
Incremental Hole Drilling ◽  
Drilling Technique ◽  
Made In

This paper presents the state of the art and the progress made in the numerical simulation of the stress state in a complex multi-material structure, using not only sophisticated finite element tools, but also the simplified engineering methods. A comparison of the numerical results concerning residual stresses is made with those measured using X-ray diffraction method and incremental hole-drilling technique. Finally, an example is given on the analysis of a fully circumferential crack in a typical bimetallic weld under pressure, thermal, and residual stresses. [S0094-9930(00)00703-4]

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