scholarly journals ANALISIS UJI TARIK DAN METALOGRAFI SIFAT MEKANIK BESI TUANG KELABU (FC-20) DENGAN PROSES HEAT TREATMENT

PROTON ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Da Silva De Jesus ◽  
Gatot Soebiyakto
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Gray Cast

Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi saat ini membawa dampak yang begitu besar bagi perkembangan teknologi,seiring dengan kemajuan dunia industri, terutama industri di bidang otomotif dan permesinan. Berbagai kebutuhan terhadap material yang beraneka ragam telah memaksa manusia untuk berinovasi,. Sehingga material logam yang paling banyak digunakan di dunia industri adalah baja, karena baja memiliki keunggulan yaitu kekuatan yang tinggi, kemampukerasan yang baik dan relatif ulet. Pada perkembangannya penggunaan material baja diimbangi dengan semakin banyaknya pengunaan material besi cor. Hal ini terjadi karena besi cor memiliki beberapa keunggulan dibandingkan baja, yaitu merupakan bahan yang relatif murah, memiliki sifat mampu cor (castability) yang baik, dan juga memiliki sifat mampu mesin (machinability) yang relatif lebih baik dibandingkan dengan baja. Maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan sifat mekanik gray cast iron ( FC-20) terhadap kekuatan tarik dan struktur makro dengan proses heat treatmant. Penelitian ini menggunakan besi cor kelabu FC 20, dengan pengujian pertama yaitu quenching metode pendinginan air garam , pendinginan air es dan pendinginan oli terhadap nilai kekuatan tarik dan struktur makro besi cor kelabu FC 20. Variasi temperatur pemanasan yang digunakan sebesar 6000C-7500C dengan penahanan waktu selama 45 menit/ 1 jam. Pengujian kedua sebagai pembanding dengan variasi besi cor kelabu FC 20 tanpa perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada besi cor kelabu FC 20 di dapatkan hasil yang berbeda-beda, yaitu dimana pada besi cor FC-20 tanpa perlakuan lebih cenderung mengalami penurunan kekuatan tarik yaitu dengan jumlah harga rata-rata nilai kekuatan tarik tertinggi sebesar 23.14 kgf/mm2 dan nilai regangan lebih tinggi yaitu 10,23% sedangkan pendinginan air garam lebih cenderung mengalami kenaikan kekuatan tarik yang sangat tinggi yaitu dengan jumlah harga rata-rata nilai kekuatan tarik tertinggi sebesar 30.23 kgf/mm2 dan mengalami penurunan nilai regangan yaitu sebesar 1.7%, sedangkan pada variasi pendinginan air es memiliki rata-rata nilai kekuatan tarik tertinggi sebesar 27.75% kgf/mm2 dan mengalami kenaikan regangan yaitu sebesar 1.8% . sedangkan pada variasi pendinginan oli hasil kekuatan tariknya naik lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan pendinginan air es yaitu dengan rata rata nilai kekuatan tarik tertinggi sebesar 29 kgf/mm2 dan mengalami penurunan regangan yaitu sebesar 1.6%.  Kata kunci: Besi cor kelabu, Quenching, dan struktur makro

Enhancement of the Gray Cast Iron Properties by Adding Chromium Element

2017 ◽  
Vol 753 ◽  
pp. 218-221
Author(s):  
Awad Eisa Gaib Alla Mohamed ◽  
Khairi Abdulsalam
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Chromium Content ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Different Temperatures

In this paper the effect of chromium element on some mechanical properties of gray cast iron is studied .The work was divided in to four categories, each category has three samples; each sample has three different chromium content 0.0%, 1.7%, 3.7%. The mechanical properties were investigated (hardness and impact) before and after the heat treatment. The heat treatment was carried out for period of 12 minutes at two different temperatures. The results confirmed that durability, toughness, and hardness are proportional to the chromium content. The ultimate aim of this research is to enhance the mechanical properties of gray cast iron by adding chromium element.

scholarly journals Processing and Effect of Heat treatment on Mechanical Properties of Gray Cast Iron

2016 ◽  
Vol V5 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Teja ◽  
N. Prashanth ◽  
M. V. R. Phanindran ◽  
Dr. K. Chandra Shekar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Gray Cast

scholarly journals Comparison of Wear Performance of Austempered and Quench-Tempered Gray Cast Irons Enhanced by Laser Hardening Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3049
Author(s):  
Bingxu Wang ◽  
Gary C. Barber ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Yuming Pan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Laser Surface ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Wear Loss ◽  
Laser Surface Hardening ◽  
Hardening Treatment

The current research studied the effects of laser surface hardening treatment on the phase transformation and wear properties of gray cast irons heat treated by austempering or quench-tempering, respectively. Three austempering temperatures of 232 °C, 288 °C, and 343 °C with a constant holding duration of 120 min and three tempering temperatures of 316 °C, 399 °C, and 482 °C with a constant holding duration of 60 min were utilized to prepare austempered and quench-tempered gray cast iron specimens with equivalent macro-hardness values. A ball-on-flat reciprocating wear test configuration was used to investigate the wear resistance of austempered and quench-tempered gray cast iron specimens before and after applying laser surface-hardening treatment. The phase transformation, hardness, mass loss, and worn surfaces were evaluated. There were four zones in the matrix of the laser-hardened austempered gray cast iron. Zone 1 contained ledeburite without the presence of graphite flakes. Zone 2 contained martensite and had a high hardness, which was greater than 67 HRC. Zone 4 was the substrate containing the acicular ferrite and carbon-saturated austenite with a hardness of 41–27 HRC. In Zone 3, the substrate was tempered by the low thermal radiation. For the laser-hardened quench-tempered gray cast iron specimens, three zones were observed beneath the laser-hardened surface. Zone 1 also contained ledeburite, and Zone 2 was full martensite. Zone 3 was the substrate containing the tempered martensite. The tempered martensite became coarse with increasing tempering temperature due to the decomposition of the as-quenched martensite and precipitation of cementite particles. In the wear tests, the gray cast iron specimens without heat treatment had the highest wear loss. The wear performance was improved by applying quench-tempering heat treatment and further enhanced by applying austempering heat treatment. Austempered gray cast iron specimens had lower mass loss than the quench-tempered gray cast iron specimens, which was attributed to the high fracture toughness of acicular ferrite and stable austenite. After utilizing the laser surface hardening treatment, both austempered and quench-tempered gray cast iron specimens had decreased wear loss due to the high surface protection provided by the ledeburitic and martensitic structures with high hardness. In the worn surfaces, it was found that cracks were the dominant wear mechanism. The results of this work have significant value in the future applications of gray cast iron engineering components and provide valuable references for future studies on laser-hardened gray cast iron.

Heat treatment and diamond burnishing of gray cast iron

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 805-807
Author(s):  
L. A. Khvorostukhin ◽  
N. A. Bystrova ◽  
L. I. Belykh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Diamond Burnishing

scholarly journals Differentiated welding deposit of soiling parts according to abrasive wear map

2021 ◽  
Vol 291 ◽  
pp. 02030
Author(s):  
Viktor Myalenko ◽  
Olga Sankina
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Friction Surface ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Wear Intensity ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Soil Cutting

The paper proposes the use of maps of the expected abrasive wear of the friction surface of a soil-cutting part, which characterize the wear intensity at various points of the friction surface during its movement in the soil environment. The importance of this work is caused by changes in modern technologies for the cultivation of agricultural crops, requiring changes in the geometric shapes of soil-cutting parts with the need to predict their service life. A study of the physical and mechanical properties and structure of the hardened layer was carried out using gray cast iron. Gray cast iron was preliminarily subjected to heat treatment, which made it possible to increase the tensile strength up to 200 … 250 MPa and hardness up to HRC 50 … 55. To increase the wear resistance of soil-cutting parts operating in an abrasive environment, hardening was carried out by the electric spark method using gray cast iron, previously subjected to heat treatment. The microstructure of the deposited layer became pearlite-ledeburite without graphite precipitation. Electro-spark deposition made it possible to form a wear-resistant layer in several passes, while the structure of the cast iron and the base did not undergo any changes. No increase in grain size was observed in the deposited layer, which favorably affects its properties. The hardness of the deposited layer was higher (4800 … 5000 MPa) than that of the base metal (2300 … 2400 MPa), no softening of the base was observed. According to the test results of hardened products, heat-treated gray cast iron can be recommended for use as a material for hardening, since the thickness of the coating does not lead to changes in the initial geometric dimensions of the soil-cutting tool using differentiated surfacing using abrasive wear maps.

Teknologi Inokulasi Besi Cor Kelabu FC-250 Untuk Mencegah Pengerasan Pada Dove Tale Produk Ragum Tipe 125

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Suhadi ◽  
Seodihono
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Micro Structure ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Casting Industry

Production technology of metal casting industry in Indonesia needs to be improved, especially in the manufacturing of spare parts and box engine made of gray cast iron which has various wall thick such as dove tale construction. Microstructure of gray cast iron is influenced by cooling rate during casting, chemical composition and melting treatment process (inoculation). The part which has the thinnest thickness has the fastest cooling therefore, the grain boundary is smaller compared to other section. As a result this part has highest hardness and difficult to be machined. This research is conducted to solve this problem by modifying melting and solidification treatment process. The research starting from micro structure analysis, composition and mechanical properties tests on the product, and then conducting modification treatment through Taguchi method approach. Experimental results obtained show that the best level settings to control factors which affect to the uniformity of the microstructure and mechanical properties in gray cast iron is the addition of seed inoculation super ® 75, as much as 0.25% with the method of inoculation material entering into the Transfer Ladle.Teknologi produksi pada industri pengecoran di Indonesia masih membutuhkan perbaikan terutama dalam pembuatan komponen mesin perkakas dan peralatan pabrik yang terbuat dari besi tuang kelabu yang mempunyai variasi ketebalan yang besar seperti konstruksi ekor burung (dove tale). Pada pengecoran, struktur mikro dari besi tuang kelabu sangat dipengaruhi oleh kecepatan pendinginan, komposisi kimia dan proses perlakuan pada logam cair (inokulasi). Bagian yang mempunyai ukuran paling tipis mempunyai kecepatan pendinigan paling tinggi karena itu ukuran butirnya jauh lebih kecil dari bagian lain, akibatnya bagian ini mempunyai kekerasan lebih tinggi dan sulit dilakukan pengerjaan mesin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperbaiki hal ini yang terjadi pada dove taledengan cara memodifikasi proses perlakuan pada cairan besi dan proses pendinginan. Penelitian dimulai dari analisa struktur mikro, pengujian komposisi kimia, pengujian sifat mekanis pada produk kemudian dilakukan modifikasi menggunakan pendekatan metode statistik Taguchi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan terbaik yang dapat diperoleh untuk mendapatkan keseragaman struktur mikro dan sifat mekanis pada pengecoran besi tuang kelabu adalah penambahan seed inoculation super ® 75, sebesar 0.25% dengan metode pemasukan inokulasi kedalam Ladle pengangkut logam cair.Keywords: carbon, micro structure, hardness, inoculation

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