Ocena antykryzysowej polityki gospodarczej Stanów Zjednoczonych i wybranych państw członkowskich Unii Europejskiej w latach 2005–2014

2016 ◽  
pp. 26-46
Author(s):  
Marcin Jan Flotyński
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
High Volatility ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Domestic Products

The global financial crisis in 2007–2009 began a period of high volatility on the financial markets. Specifically, it caused an increased amplitude of fluctuations of the level of gross domestic products, the level of investment and consumption and exchange rates in particular countries. To address the adverse market circumstances, governments and central banks took actions in order to bolster the weakening global economy. The aim of this article is to present the anti-crisis actions in the United States and selected member states of the European Union, including Poland, and an assessment of their efficiency. The analysis conducted indicates that generally the actions taken in the United States in response to the crisis were faster and more adequate to the existing circumstances than in the European Union.

scholarly journals Nervous Giant: China and the Financial Crisis

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Patrick Farrell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
Trade Relationship ◽  
Current Financial Crisis ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

While the current financial crisis is widely acknowledged to be global, surprisingly little attention has been paid to its effect on one of the largest players in the global economy. China has weathered the crisis extremely well, though its growth has slowed slightly. I will analyze this by looking at China’s purchases of debt, the Chinese holdings of debt in the United States and its growing holdings in Europe, and the policy decisions directing this. This shows an intriguing change in the policy decisions that led to China becoming such a large holder of American debt. China amassed its large holdings of debt from the United States by merit of the strong trade relationship between the two countries, as well as the stability of the U.S. dollar. However, China’s interest in buying up Italian debt and forming stronger bonds with other Eurozone and European countries seems to speak to a different motive. Rather than allowing its reserves of foreign capital to grow over time, as it did with its U.S. debt, China is making a more aggressive move in this case. Thanks to its relative stability during the crisis, I believe this shows us that China is seeking to both ensure the continued security of its economic growth and increase its economic influence, thus using the instability of the global financial crisis to kill two birds with one stone.

scholarly journals Corporate Governance: Is It Time For Global Standards?

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Stanwick
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Governance System

Financial markets depend on the integrity of the financial information generated by management. In order for that integrity to be ensured, an effective corporate governance system must be in place by the corporation. While the United States has been the initial focal point on the effectiveness of corporate governance through the actions at Enron and WorldCom, European companies such as Ahold, Parmalat and Adecco have also demonstrated that the European Union faces challenges pertaining to corporate governance. The purpose of this paper is to compare how the United States and the European Union address the issue of corporate governance. The paper will examine and compare the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in the United States, the European Commissions Action Plan on corporate governance and the new corporate governance guidelines issues by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. The paper will conclude with a discussion on whether global corporate governance standards are necessary to ensure the stability of global financial markets. The author will argue that certain core standards are universal in nature. However, flexibility is still warranted in some areas due to specific cultural beliefs and established business standards.

scholarly journals The global financial crisis: Implications for capital to agribusiness

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
Bruce L. Ahrendsen
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Financial Obligations ◽  
General Business ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

The global economy has continued to experience lingering effects of the global financial crisis that began in 2007. Although attention was initially given to the liquidity crisis and survival of some the world’s largest corporations and institutions, the financial crisis is likely to have long-lasting implications for agribusiness. As the world slowly recovers from the crisis, another round of problems are emerging as governments and international institutions attempt to unwind the positions they took in an effort to prevent the global economic bubble from bursting. Perhaps the most problematic factor for businesses is access to capital in sufficient amounts and at affordable rates. Governments and institutions, particularly in the United States (U.S.) and the European Union, have increased their financial obligations as the result of activities taken to curtail the economic crisis. These financial obligations and the associated financial risks place pressure on financial markets and tend to restrain the availability of capital and increase the cost of capital for businesses. However, the U.S. agricultural credit market has not experienced problems to the same extent as general business (commercial and industrial) and real estate credit markets have. In general, U.S. farm businesses have a strong balance sheet, adequate repayment capacity, sufficient amount of assets to offer collateral for loans, and reasonable profits. Thus, U.S. farm businesses have had an ample supply of credit at relatively low interest rates.

scholarly journals DEFINING “FINANCIAL STABILITY”

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Stanisław Stefaniak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial Regulatory

After the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) of 2008 the term “financial stability” rose to prominence in financial regulatory circles. The paper employs methodological tools from political economy, discourse analysis and comparative legal analysis to track the trajectory of this rise in the narratives of scholarship on financial law, policy documents and relevant European legislation and finds that the meaning of the term is subject to change and malleable. It is argued that the substance of financial stability can only be deciphered once the broader ideas about the functioning of financial markets and roles of central banks are taken into context. It is then established that these ideas were redefined in the aftermath of the GFC in line with the new macroprudential paradigm, and how they came to inform subsequent policies and legislation in the European Union.

Resources, Values, Identity: Young Cosmopolitans and the Referendum on British Membership of the European Union

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakib Ehsan ◽  
James Sloam
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Conservative Party ◽  
The United States ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Full Time ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Youth Politics ◽  
Higher Educational Attainment ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

Abstract In the aftermath of the global financial crisis, we have witnessed a resurgence in nationalism, Euroscepticism and populist politics in Europe and the United States. Young people have borne the brunt of this crisis. Yet, in the 2016 UK referendum, the vast majority of younger citizens voted for Britain to remain in the European Union. But why did they do so? Drawing upon a bespoke survey of 1351 18- to 30-year-olds, this article investigates the relative importance of socio-demographic factors, post-materialist values and primary self-identification. It finds that positive views about cultural diversity and being a full-time student were the greatest predictors of a young person voting Remain, whilst no significant association is found between higher educational attainment and voting Remain at the multivariate level. Setting the EU referendum within the broader context of youth politics, the article also identifies the existence of cosmopolitan values amongst young Remainers. This has major implications for both our understanding of the success of Jeremy Corbyn and the Labour Party amongst young voters in the 2017 general election, and the challenges the Conservative Party faces with regard to establishing support among Britain’s young cosmopolitans for future elections.

scholarly journals Cross-Border Portfolio Investment and Financial Markets Development in the Asia and Pacific Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Sayuri Shirai ◽  
Eric Alexander Sugandi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Financial Integration ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Portfolio Investment ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Domestic Capital

This study examines cross-border portfolio investment in the Asia and Pacific region throughout 2001–2017, where rapid increases in investment have taken place particularly after the 2008–2009 global financial crisis. Cross-border portfolio investment in this region has the following characteristics. First, equity has been a dominant source of foreign liabilities notwithstanding efforts to develop bond markets in the region. Second, debt securities have remained dominant foreign assets held by the region. Third, the region’s assets and liabilities linkages have remained overwhelmingly strengthened against the United States and the European Union. However, the region has also witnessed greater intra-regional financial integration, centering at China with growing linkages with Hong Kong and Singapore. Fourth, Japan as a country with the largest abundant domestic capital in the region has remained predominantly exposed to the United States and the European Union. Within the region, nonetheless, debt securities issued by Australia have increasingly attracted Japan’s capital.

Russian Federation and the United States of America: geostrategic directions to manage the Ukrainian crisis

2019 ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Attarid Awadh Abdulhameed
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
National Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Ukrainian Crisis ◽  
Zero Sum

Ukrainia Remains of huge importance to Russian Strategy because of its Strategic importance. For being a privileged Postion in new Eurasia, without its existence there would be no logical resons for eastward Expansion by European Powers.  As well as in Connection with the progress of Ukrainian is no less important for the USA (VSD, NDI, CIA, or pentagon) and the European Union with all organs, and this is announced by John Kerry. There has always ben Russian Fear and Fear of any move by NATO or USA in the area that it poses a threat to  Russians national Security and its independent role and in funence  on its forces especially the Navy Forces. There for, the Crisis manyement was not Zero sum game, there are gains and offset losses, but Russia does not accept this and want a Zero Sun game because the USA. And European exteance is a Foot hold in Regin Which Russian sees as a threat to its national security and want to monopolize control in the strategic Qirim.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT FRENCH FOREIGN POLICY ACTIVITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Nargiza Sodikova ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Modern Time ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Interests ◽  
French Foreign Policy

Important aspects of French foreign policy and national interests in the modern time,France's position in international security and the specifics of foreign affairs with the United States and the European Union are revealed in this article

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