scholarly journals Migrujące podmioty. Relacje, konteksty i przyszłość problemu zróżnicowania kulturowego w edukacji

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Jarema Drozdowicz
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
School Education ◽  
The West ◽  
Anthropology Of Education ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
European Education

The issue of migration is now becoming part of a wider debate on cultural diversity. This article explores selected aspects of this debate in the context of school education. A relatively new subdiscipline, the anthropology of education, is indicated as a useful perspective in this matter. Anthropological research on migration and cultural differences in general can be regarded here as a scientific reconstruction of the processes that lead to the construction of otherness. The cultural figure of a migrant in particular serves as an example of these processes in the context of European education. Western concepts of otherness thus build large part of the current political and social debates on migration and the presence of migrants in the educational milieu. The article examines these concepts in relation to the main contemporary migration trends visible in the West.

How Should We Educate Students Whose Cultures Frown upon Rational Disputation?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Democratic Participation ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Full Participation ◽  
Rational Argumentation

`How should public education in democratic states deal with the cultural diversity brought about by contemporary globalization? My suggestion is that key to democratic public education is the obligation to foster in students the skills and abilities, and attitudes and dispositions, needed to participate fully in democratic decision-making. Of central importance are the abilities and dispositions required for critical thinking and rational argumentation: evaluating arguments of others, constructing arguments of one’s own that might rationally persuade one’s fellow citizens, etc. Without these abilities and dispositions, full participation in democratic decision-making is impossible. But fostering them is problematic when students are members of cultures in which argumentation is frowned upon. In this paper I address this tension, and argue that while respecting cultural differences is of the first importance, in democracies it cannot override the requirements of democracy itself. When these two clash, the requirements of democratic participation must take precedence.

Family Background and Psychiatric Disorders

1973 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. S. Marriott
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
The West ◽  
Parental Absence ◽  
Psychiatric Units ◽  
The University

The admissions to the Psychiatric Unit of the University Hospital of the West Indies during a 15-month period from September 1966 to January 1968 have been reviewed with special reference to family background. Despite cultural differences the pattern of admissions was very similar to that of psychiatric units in more highly developed countries. The various racial groups in the island were represented and included a high proportion of white alcoholics. Parental absence in childhood was largely related to social class but there was a definite association between parental absence in childhood and psychologically precipitated depression.

Emergent Cultural Differences in Online Communities’ Norms of Fairness

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pontus Strimling ◽  
Seth Frey
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Online Communities ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
World Of Warcraft ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Multiplayer Games ◽  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Social Contracts

Unpredictable social dynamics can dominate social outcomes even in carefully designed societies like online multiplayer games. According to theories from economic game theory and evolutionary anthropology, communities that are otherwise identical can spontaneously develop emergent cultural differences. We demonstrate the emergence of norm diversity in comparable populations distributed across identical copies of a single multiplayer game world. We use 2006 data from several servers of World of Warcraft to analyze how social contracts about resource distribution converge within independent communities, while varying across them. We find wide-ranging diversity in the norms that communities consider standard, fair, and common, even where these norms are unenforcable and players face large incentives to deviate from them. By documenting how designed societies come to differ in undesigned ways, we present emergent cultural diversity as a distinguishing feature of human sociality and a major challenge for game designers.

scholarly journals Psychological Effects of Rhythmic Entrainment and Trance Experience: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (18) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
The West ◽  
Brain Waves ◽  
Basic Ability ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Fundamental Mechanism

Synchronization to music is a basic ability for humans and the key component of synchronization is to entrain a particular rhythm. EEG studies show that when we synchronize with a rhythm, our brain waves also synchronize. From this view, trance can be a state of consciousness that is a result of rhythmic entrainment of brain waves. It is known that Shamans perform a ceremony with drums and experience trance for centuries. Although using rhythm to mediate trance goes back to Shamanism, it is also a part of different cultures. Trance experience continues its existence with psychedelic trance dance in the West and also with dhikr and Sama in the East world. If we define the term of “trance” as “a state of wajd”, experiences of Shaman rituals, psychedelic dance and dhikr are similar, because of using rhythm as a mediator. In this review, comparison of the trance experiences shows that the psychological effects of rhythmic entrainment point to a fundamental mechanism beyond cultural differences. Keywords Rhythmic entrainment, synchronization, trance

Conclusions

2020 ◽  
pp. 349-366
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Kowalewski
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The West ◽  
Critical Data ◽  
West Mexico ◽  
Individual Contributions ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
The Individual

This concluding chapter seeks to tie the individual contributions to this volume into a coherent whole. Drawing on points raised in the various chapters, it summarizes critical data and provides a synthesis of the current research presented in constituent chapters that highlight spatial, temporal, and cultural diversity in ancient west Mexico. The author offers comments and observations on all chapters, highlighting common threads and lines of thought or evidence that bind the individual chapters together into a complete dialogue. It emphasizes the significance of the evidence from the west—presented in the volume—in crafting a more complex and nuanced understanding of both the west in particular and Mesoamerica as a whole. The chapter concludes by offering thoughts and suggestions for how future research may enhance archaeological understanding of this vast and understudied region.

Asian Horror

2019 ◽  
pp. 119-138
Author(s):  
Bryan Turnock
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Horror Films ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Ghost Stories ◽  
The West ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Genre Films

This chapter details how the mid-1990s saw a substantial increase in the number of horror films being produced in Asian countries, and in particular Japan and Korea. At the same time, globalisation and the introduction of worldwide distribution channels meant that such films became much more accessible to western audiences, with the surprise success of Hideo Nakata's Ringu (1998) bringing Japanese horror into the mainstream of western cinema. Often used to describe genre films from across Asia, so-called 'J-Horror' is now a recognised sub-genre in the west, with a number of scholarly books dedicated to its analysis. Although many of the more recent films feature modern trappings and a preoccupation with technology, they draw heavily from Japan's long tradition of folklore and ghost stories, while stylistically referencing the aesthetics of traditional Japanese theatre. The chapter considers Masaki Kobayashi's Kaidan (Kwaidan, 1964). It traces the evolution of Japan's unique national film industry and examines how cultural differences can affect genre production and consumption.

8. Multiculturalism

2019 ◽  
pp. 154-175
Author(s):  
Monica Mookherjee
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Group ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Cultural Conflicts ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Modus Vivendi ◽  
Minority Cultures ◽  
Economic Inequalities

This chapter studies multiculturalism. The term ‘multiculturalism’ can refer to the fact of cultural diversity and may also describe the coexistence of different kinds of cultural group within a country. Multiculturalism emphasizes status, as well as economic inequalities. Thin multiculturalism views all cultural differences as disagreements between groups that agree on liberal values. This view may underestimate the extent of conflict between cultures. Meanwhile, thick multiculturalism appreciates that some cultural differences occur between liberals and non-liberals. While the solution to cultural conflicts in thick multiculturalism is often a modus vivendi, the question is whether this solution treats non-liberal minority cultures fairly. Defenders of cultural rights hold that governments should recognize that all citizens deserve equal opportunities for developing self-respect and autonomy. However, by respecting cultural rights, a government risks supporting injustice against individuals within groups.

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