“A Common Effort to Determine the Facts”: The Sharing of Technical Knowledge in Canadian Industry, 1900-1939

1991 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-63
Author(s):  
James P. Hull
Keyword(s):  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Common Effort

BUNUK: PENGETAHUAN DAN PRAKTEK ATONI-METO DALAM TATA KELOLA HUTAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-96
Author(s):  
Yohanes Victor Lasi Usbobo
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Community Members ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
West Timor

The implementation of todays forest management that based on formal-scientific knowledge and technical knowledge seems to fail to protect the forest from deforestation and the environmental damage. Decolonialisation of western knowledge could give an opportunity to identify and find the knowledge and practices of indigenous people in sustainable forest management. Forest management based on the indigenous knowledge and practices is believed easy to be accepted by the indigenous community due to the knowledge and practice is known and ‘lived’ by them. The Atoni Pah Meto from West Timor has their own customary law in forest management that is knows as Bunuk. In the installation of Bunuk, there is a concencus among the community members to protect and preserve the forest through the vow to the supreme one, the ruler of the earth and the ancestors, thus, bunuk is becoming a le’u (sacred). Thus, the Atoni Meto will not break the bunuk due to the secredness. Adapting the bunuk to the modern forest management in the Atoni Meto areas could be one of the best options in protecting and preserving the forest.

Occupying Schools, Occupying Land

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Tarlau
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Leadership Development ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Local Schools ◽  
Collective Work ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Practices ◽  
Landless Workers Movement ◽  
Progressive Organizations

Contrary to the conventional belief that social movements cannot engage the state without becoming co-opted and demobilized, this study shows how movements can advance their struggles by strategically working with, in, through, and outside of state institutions. The success of Brazil’s Landless Workers Movement (MST) in occupying land, winning land rights, and developing alternative economic enterprises for over a million landless workers has made it an inspiration for progressive organizations globally. The MST’s educational initiatives, which are less well known but equally as important, teach students about participatory democracy, collective work, agroecological farming, and other practices that support its socialist vision. This study details how MST activists have pressured municipalities, states, and the federal government to implement their educational proposal in public schools and universities, affecting hundreds of thousands of students. Based on twenty months of ethnographic fieldwork, Occupying Schools, Occupying Land documents the potentials, constraints, failures, and contradictions of the MST’s educational struggle. A major lesson is that participating in the contentious co-governance of public education can help movements recruit new activists, diversify their membership, increase practical and technical knowledge, and garner political power. Activists are most effective when combining disruption, persuasion, negotiation, and co-governance into their tactical repertoires. Through expansive leadership development, the MST implemented its educational program in local schools, even under conservative governments. Such gains demonstrate the potential of schools as sites for activists to prefigure, enact, and develop the social and economic practices they hope to use in the future.

Practice and Technology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjeld Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Turning Points ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Cooperative Work ◽  
Computer Supported Cooperative Work ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Crucial Question

The emergence of practice-centered computing (e.g., Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, or CSCW) raises the crucial question: How can we conceptualize the practices into which the prospective technology is to be integrated? How can we, reasonably, say of two observed activities or events that they are, or are not, instances of the same type? These are crucial questions. This chapter therefore attempts to clarify the concepts of “practice” and “technique.” First, since our ordinary concepts of “practice” and “technique” developed as part of the evolution of modern technology, as tools for practitioners’ and scholars’ reflections on the role of technical knowledge in work, the chapter outlines the major turning points in the evolution of these concepts, from Aristotle (via the scholastics), to enlightenment thinkers such as Diderot and Kant, and finally to Marx and Marxism. The chapter thereafter moves on to analyze the concepts as we use them today in ordinary discourse.

scholarly journals Mobilizing foreign language students for multilingual crisis translation in Shanghai

Multilingua ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongyan Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Local Community ◽  
University Student ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Close Collaboration ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Student Volunteers ◽  
The University

AbstractThis paper examines the multilingual translation efforts of a group of university student volunteers during the COVID-19 outbreak in Shanghai. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews of the volunteer team leader, team members, and a local community health worker. Findings identified time constraints, limited language proficiency, and limited technical knowledge as the major challenges confronting the university volunteers. In order to overcome the challenges, they worked in close collaboration and used translingual and network strategies to facilitate prompt and high-quality crisis translation. Findings suggest that foreign language university students in local universities may serve as readily available multilingual resources and can be mobilized in prompt response to the grassroots multilingual needs of the local community in times of crisis. The paper ends with implications for measures and strategies to enhance effective emergency language service and crisis communication for global multilingual cities.

Exploration of the technocratic mentality among European civil servants

2021 ◽  
pp. 002085232199642
Author(s):  
Ringa Raudla ◽  
James W. Douglas ◽  
Zachary Mohr
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
High Level ◽  
Proper Balance

Civil servants vary in the degree to which they hold technocratic attitudes. We explore whether bureaucrats’ exposure to politics and politicians is associated with the depoliticization dimension of the technocratic mentality. We use survey data of high-level executives in 19 European countries to explore factors that are associated with executives’ perceptions that removing issues and activities from the realms of politics leads to more farsighted policies. We find that respondents’ level of exposure to politics and politicians is indeed negatively associated with technocratic mentality. Bureaucrats have studied political science or public administration, work closer to politicians (in terms of type of organization), interact with them more frequently, and have more positive perceptions of these interactions tend to have lower levels of technocratic attitudes. Points for practitioners Beliefs affect behaviors and behaviors affect outcomes. Technocratic attitudes may limit the ability of civil servants to work effectively with politicians. We show that educational degrees that promote democratic values and exposure to politicians (particularly positive interactions) are associated with lower levels of technocratic attitudes. Given that a proper balance between political and technical knowledge can enhance organizational performance (Krause et al., 2006), these findings should be taken into account when staffing and structuring public organizations.

scholarly journals Technology-enhanced Learning for Promoting Technical and Social Competences in Hydrological Science

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feliciana Licciardello ◽  
Simona Consoli ◽  
Giuseppe Cirelli ◽  
Carlos Castillo ◽  
Elvira Fernández-Ahumada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
English Language ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Technology Enhanced Learning ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Academic Calendar ◽  
The University ◽  
Social Competences ◽  
Enhanced Learning

AbstractThis paper explains and analyses a virtual gamification experience developed by a teaching group from the University of Catania (Italy) and the University of Cordoba (Spain). A competition based on professional tasks about hydrological planning was implemented in two subjects on Hydrological Sciences. The teaching experience was designed to improve the acquisition of technical knowledge and skills needed for hydrological studies, promote the management of ICT and increase international cooperation between different universities; all aimed at making students more employable. The experience is transferable to different academic levels. Following the philosophy of soccer leagues, the students solved and presented the exercise by teams of two students. Through videoconference, the presentation and the explanation were done so the fans in each country supported their teams. The students found it a very challenging experience but at the same time, some of them were aware of their needs of improving technical knowledge, particularly Geographical Information Systems, and English language skills. Updating of tools and the schedule within the different academic calendar were their main organization handicaps. The main outcome of the presented experience is that social energy and enthusiasm associated to popular activities such as soccer led to improve the interest and the motivation of the students in challenging technical contents as well as teamwork and language transversal competences.

Technical knowledge and skills development in the informal sector in Kenya: The case of custom tailors

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-361
Author(s):  
Edwinah Amondi Apunda ◽  
Helena M. de Klerk ◽  
Teresa Ogina
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Skills Development ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge And Skills

scholarly journals How Does Inter-Organizational Cooperation Impact Organizations’ Scientific Knowledge Generation? Evidence from the Biomass Energy Field

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Liu Li ◽  
Chaoying Tang
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Degree Centrality ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
Scientific Cooperation ◽  
Structural Holes ◽  
Cooperation Network ◽  
Positive Effect

Previous studies have demonstrated that accessing external knowledge is important for organizations’ knowledge generation. The main purpose of this study is to investigate how the diversity and amount of organizations’ external scientific knowledge influence their scientific knowledge generation. We also consider the moderating effect of the redundant industrial scientific knowledge and the amount of technical knowledge from external technical cooperators. The social network analysis method is used to establish both ego- and industrial-scientific cooperation network, and ego-technical cooperation network in order to analyze the external scientific knowledge and technical knowledge. The empirical analysis is based on patent and article data of 106 organizations in the biomass energy industry (including firms, universities and research institutes), and the results show that organizations’ structural holes and degree centrality of scientific cooperation network have positive effects on their scientific knowledge generation. In addition, organizations’ degree centrality of technical cooperation network positively moderates the relationship between their degree centrality of scientific cooperation network and scientific knowledge generation. Furthermore, density of industrial scientific cooperation network decreases the positive effect of organizations’ structural holes on their scientific knowledge generation, while it strengthens the positive effect of degree centrality of scientific cooperation network on their scientific knowledge generation. Academic contributions and practical suggestions are discussed.

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