Revisiting marine bioprospecting of tropical Indonesian macroalgae from West Timor

<p>Marine algae are an important and historically rich source of new marine-based natural products. This thesis describes the screening of 40 Indonesian macroalgal samples using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based molecular networking, and the subsequent nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-guided isolation and structural elucidation of a 6-deoxy-6-aminoglycoglyrecolipid (60). Molecular networking was performed using LC-MS/MS data through the online Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) platform directly from crude extracts. NMR spectroscopy-guided screening was also employed targeting unique peaks detected by 1H NMR to validate any hits from GNPS. Out of 40 macroalgae specimens collected from West Timor waters, six samples were prioritised by the molecular networking screening. Proton NMR revealed three specimens with significantly interesting peaks but only one specimen, Laurencia snackeyi was purified further, which yielded compound 60.</p>

Revisiting marine bioprospecting of tropical Indonesian macroalgae from West Timor

<p>Marine algae are an important and historically rich source of new marine-based natural products. This thesis describes the screening of 40 Indonesian macroalgal samples using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based molecular networking, and the subsequent nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-guided isolation and structural elucidation of a 6-deoxy-6-aminoglycoglyrecolipid (60). Molecular networking was performed using LC-MS/MS data through the online Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) platform directly from crude extracts. NMR spectroscopy-guided screening was also employed targeting unique peaks detected by 1H NMR to validate any hits from GNPS. Out of 40 macroalgae specimens collected from West Timor waters, six samples were prioritised by the molecular networking screening. Proton NMR revealed three specimens with significantly interesting peaks but only one specimen, Laurencia snackeyi was purified further, which yielded compound 60.</p>

The Culture of Caring for the Sick in the Community in Flores, Sumba, and West Timor of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

BACKGROUND: The people of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), especially Flores, Sumba, and West Timor, have a diversity of local cultures regarding health conditions, illness, and care for the sick. AIM: This study aimed to explore the distinctive culture of caring for the sick that belongs to the people of Flores, Sumba, and West Timor, NTT. METHODS: This study used the descriptive phenomenology method. The participants of this research were community leaders. Data collection was carried out from August 20, 2020, to October 10, 2020, through in-depth interviews with community leaders. Data analysis was carried out through the following stages: verbatim transcribing, determining keywords, assigning categories, and determining themes. RESULTS: The thematic analysis found three themes, in which one the community viewed health as a condition where a person shows no signs and symptoms of disease and is able to carry out daily activities, (2) the community believed that the cause of disease comes from medical and environmental factors, while non-medical factors are from God, Nature, and Spirits, and (3) the community’s efforts to heal the sick included x`going to health facilities, providing traditional treatment, performing traditional rituals, and praying. CONCLUSION: The people of NTT use complementary approaches (traditional and conventional) in caring for the sick.

Assessing the sustainability of traditional agroforestry practices: a case of Mamar agroforestry in Kupang-Indonesia

A traditional agroforestry of West Timor, namely Mamar, produces important ecosystem services to the people of this arid region, however, its management tends to change, thereby disrupting its sustainability. This study aims to assess the sustainability of Mamar agroforestry by analyzing the livelihood assests of the community, the biophysical land performance of the soil, and the value of ecosystem services. Furthermore, data, on perception and livelihood assets; the level of soil damage, the importance value index, and diversity index, the value of ecosystem services based on the opinion of experts and community leaders, as well as change in land use were collected in five villages in Kupang district using surveys with a qualitative and quantitative approach. The results showed a change of perspective in Mamar's management; the decrease in the important value index of cultural crops, the diversity index is classified as declining, there is soil damage in several parameters, and the value of ecosystem services does not focus on cultural services. Considering this result, there is a socio-ecological trade-off that reduces support for the sustainability of Mamar as traditional agroforestry that emphasizes socio-cultural functions.

Lampiran 5B paper An Investigation into the Use of Sand Media Planted with Thypa latifolia in Constructed Wetland Ecotechnology in Removing Organic matter, Suspended Solids and Nutrients from Domestic Wastewater

Deterioration of water quality continues to be a major concern in West Timor. Establishment of wastewater treatment is crucial for eliminating this problem. Constructed wetland (CW) ecotechnologies are an alternative low-cost wastewater treatment to solve wastewater problems in West Timor. This research aimed to compare the effectiveness of Thypa latifolia in CWs for the removal of BOD5, suspended solids, NH4-N, and PO4-P. The experimental design consisted of 6 (20 L) vertical flow mesocosms, 3 mesocosms planted with Thypa latifolia and 3 mesocosms as a control. The mesocosms were irrigated with synthetic wastewater for 7 months. The inflow had a 2-day hydraulic retention time. The inflow and outflow samples were monitored for BOD5, suspended solids, NH4-N, and PO4-P. The trend showed that the CWs planted with Thypa latifolia reduced significantly the BOD, suspended solids, and NH4-N. However, the presence of plant did not significantly reduce PO4-P. This indicated that the CWs planted with Thypa latifolia had a better performance in comparison with pure sand media

Lunat: Tato Tradisional Masyarakat Dawan di Timor Barat

This article aims to find out the meaning and function of the lunat (traditional tattoo) and the factors causing its absence among the Dawan community in West Timor. According to the Dawanese, lunat has a religious meaning and function, namely as a medium or an instrument of Salvation after someone dies. From the research, four things were found to be the causes why this practice is no longer practiced by the Dawanese nowadays. First is the stigma of being a member or part of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI). Second is the prohibition of attending school. Third is the disappearance of the lunat religious meaning caused by the transition from traditional religion to Christianity and the fourth is the break in the transfer of knowledge about lunat from one generation to another.

Integrated Feed of Improved Grass with Legume-Food Crops for enhancing the Growth Performance of Male Fattening Bali Cattle in West Timor

The quality of cattle feed plays a significant role in increasing the performance quality of beef cattle. Most of the farmers are facing constraint to provide the good feed in affordable prices. This research was aimed to determine the effect of given integration feed of improved-legume and food crops to daily weight gain, chest girth, shoulder height and body length of fattening Bali cattle of farmers in West Timor. The research method was arranged as in a double Latin Square Design (LSD), consisted of 5 treatments (T0; local feeds by farmers in West Timor. T1; integration feed of Brachiaria hybrid cv. Mulato + legume Clitoria ternatea + corn + Vigna umbellata + Cucurbita maxima, T2; integration feed of Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott + legume Clitoria ternatea + corn + Vigna umbellata + Cucurbita maxima, T3; integration feed Setaria sphacelata + legume Clitoria ternatea + corn + Vigna umbellata + Cucurbita maxima, T4; integration feed Brachiaria decumbens + legume Clitoria ternatea + corn + Vigna umbellata + Cucurbita maxima) and 5 periods as replications. The observed responses were weight gain, chest circumference, shoulder height and length of fattening. The observed animals were 10 male Bali cattle that belongs to farmers and with an age ranged between 1-1.5 years and body weight ranged between 101-134 kg (average of 114.25 kg and a coefficient variation (CV) of 6.12%). The results showed that the integrated feed gave a significantly different performance of beef cattle. The most economical composition of integrated feed was the T1 which was able to increase the performance of the cattle compared with the control treatment. This results concluded that the integrated feed fed had a very significant effect on the daily body weight gain, chest girth, shoulder height and body length of the fattened Bali cattle. Economically and the ease of use of feed fed indicated that the composition of T1 treatment gave a greater contribution of 23.53% compared with the control treatment.