scholarly journals Agroeconomic prospects for the use of nitrogen fertilizers for field crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (99) ◽  
pp. 6-16
Author(s):  
G. M. Gospodarenko ◽  
◽  
O. D. Cherno ◽  
A. T. Martynyuk
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
The Cost

The issues of recoupment of nitrogen fertilizers are considered, since they determine the need for fertilizers and the agro-economic efficiency of their use. It is shown that the payback of fertilizers is a complex value and not constant in different crops. The increase in yield from fertilizers in kind is taken on the basis of field experiments with fertilizers carried out on podzolized chernozem of the opita field of the Uman NUS. The cost of an increase in the yield from the use of nitrogen fertilizers was determined by the average actual sales prices of products prevailing on the market through various sales channels in the 6th quarter of 2021. Additional costs included: the cost of fertilizers, a margin for their delivery to the farm, the cost of using it on the farm and collecting increase in yield from nitrogen fertilizers. The cost of ammonium nitrate was taken at UAH 24,000 / t with the addition of a margin for their delivery to the farm. The costs of using fertilizers on the farm and collecting an increase in yield were set calculated according to the accepted standards. The difference between the value of the yield increase (PU) and additional costs (AD) gives the net income received from the use of fertilizers. The ratio of the cost of increasing the yield to additional costs shows their payback. On the basis of comparing the indicators of PU and DZ, the boundaries of the economic efficiency of the use of fertilizers were determined: PU> DZ (general expression of the task). We also calculated the minimum required increase in yield from fertilizers and the limits of price increases for nitrogen fertilizers. It has been established that at a price of ammonium nitrate of UAH 24,000 / t and the cost of its use in optimal doses for field crops against the background of a balanced phosphorus-potassium nutrition, the cost of an increase in yield is 3075–47894 UAH/ha. Payback of 1 kg a.c. nitrogen fertilization varies in a wide range – from 3.0 to 217.3 hryvnyas, depending on the crop. The limit of the unprofitable price per unit of the active substance of nitrogen fertilizers at the optimal application rate depends on the crop and is in the range of UAH 76.5–219.0 /ha. With the current disparity in prices for crop products and ammonium nitrate (24,000 UAH/t), its use is profitable, which is explained by the low ability of podzolized chernozem to provide plants with nitrogen, biological requirements of crops for this food element and technologies for their cultivation. Key words: nitrogen fertilizers, agricultural crops, fertilizer recoupment, loss threshold, price increase limit.

scholarly journals Justification of the limit of expediency of using potash fertilizers

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (99) ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
G. M. Gospodarenko ◽  
◽  
A. T. Martynyuk ◽  
E. D. Cherno
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
The Cost

The issues of the recoupment of potash fertilizers are considered, which is one of the most controversial in agronomy, since it is precisely this that determines the need for fertilizers and the economic efficiency of their use. It is shown that the payback of fertilizers is a complex value and not constant in different crops. The increase in yield from fertilizers in kind is taken on the basis of field experiments with fertilizers carried out on podzolized chernozem in the Uman NUS. The cost of the increase in yield from the use of potash fertilizers was determined by the average actual sales prices of products prevailing on the market through various sales channels in the 6th quarter of 2021. collecting a yield increase from potash fertilizers. The cost of potash fertilizer was taken at the current price of 16000 UAH/t with the addition of a margin for their delivery to the farm. The costs for the use of fertilizers on the farm and for collecting the increase in yield were set calculated according to the accepted standards. The difference between the value of the yield increase (YI) and additional costs (AC) gives the net income received from the use of fertilizers. The ratio of the cost of increasing the yield to additional costs shows their payback. On the basis of comparing the indicators YI and AC, the boundaries of the economic efficiency of the use of fertilizers were determined: YI>AC (general expression of the task). The minimum necessary increase in yield from fertilizers and the limits of the increase in prices for potash fertilizers were also calculated. It has been established that at a price for potassium chloride of 16000 UAH /t and the cost of its use in optimal doses for field crops against the background of a balanced nitrogen-phosphorus nutrition, the cost of an increase in yield is 1164–14820 UAH/ ha. Payback (unprofitableness) of 1 kg. potash fertilizers vary in a wide range – from – UAH 18.6 to 104,0, depending on the crop. The limit of the unprofitable price per unit of the active substance of potash fertilizers at the optimal dose of application depends on the crop and is in the range of 6.9–129,5 UAH/ha. With the current disparity in prices for crop products and potassium chloride, its use is unprofitable for winter rye, spring barley, grain sorghum and sugar beet (when applied against a background of 40 t/ha of manure). This is due to the availability of podzolized chernozem with mobile potassium compounds, biological characteristics of crops and technologies for their cultivation.

The effect of fertilizers and season on the yield and composition of wheat in southern New South Wales

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD Colwell
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Common Application

Twenty two fertilizer experiments with wheat were carried out over a wide range of soil and environmental seasonal conditions in southern N.S. W. The effects of phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizers on the yield and composition of wheat are described. Seasonal environmental effects were examined by comparing the relative response to fertilizers of vegetative growth in the early spring with the final response of the harvested grain. Grain yield response to fertilizers is commonly restricted by seasonal conditions. Overcorrection of the phosphorus or nitrogen deficiencies may cause excessive early vegetative growth which exhausts soil moisture reserves before grain development has been completed. Loss of grain yields through this phenomenon is described locally as haying off. The chief danger in this respect seems to be from excessive nitrogen levels in the soil following a clover pasture. Assessments of economically desirable fertilizer applications on the basis of field experiments can only be based on statistical averages of seasonal conditions in each locality. The trials indicate, however, that the common application rate of superphosphate to wheat is inadequate in this region and should be at least doubled.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Application of Mineral Fertilizers for Winter Wheat on Leached Black Chernozem

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ksenia Moiseeva ◽  
Alexander Karmatskikh ◽  
Anastasia Moiseeva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
The Cost

The article considers the issue of productivity and economic efficiency of the use of slow-acting nitrogen fertilizers obtained using the ”Si” technology of winter wheat. The studies were carried out in 2014–2017 in the northern forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen region on the experimental field of the Agrotechnological Institute of the GAU of the Northern Trans-Urals. increased winter wheat grain yield. Winter wheat productivity according to the studied options on average over the years of research ranged from 3.36–3.41 t/ha, which is higher than the control about the option of 0.27–0.32 t/ha. The economic efficiency of the fertilizers used was determined by the cost of increasing the crop and the cost of obtaining it. Analysis of economic efficiency showed that when sowing the nitrogen fertilizer, urea encapsulated by Si technology (30 kg/ha d.v.) received the highest profitability – 81.68 %. The resulting conditionally net income in this option amounted to 1663.4 rub/ha. In the sixth version of the experiment (encapsulated urea according to the ”Si” technology (60 kg/ha a.v.) + KCl (30 kg/ha a.a.) + P2O5 (40 kg/ha a.a.)) profitability – 76.0 %. Obtained conditionally net income in this embodiment amounted to 1222 rubles/ha. The return on fertilizer use ranged from 4 to 85 %.

scholarly journals ENERGY SAVING TECHNIQUES IN CULTIVATION OF MAIZE

2018 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
H. Sh. Tarchokov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Term Field

In agro-industrial complex in most agricultural enterprises the expenses connected with production often exceed indicators of revenues of branch. Our researches have shown that there are some opportunities of change of this situation and, first of all, this introduction in production of effective, low-cost ways of processing of the soil. they significantly reduce potential contamination of an arable layer of earth, negatively don’t influence processes of formation of efficiency of culture, provide increases in level of profitability and net income against the background of saving of diesel fuel on one third. As the proof stated by us long-term field experiments in the conditions of a steppe zone of Kabardino-Balkaria are made (the item. Skilled the Tersky Region of KBR) 2009-2011 in these researches it is shown influence of ways of the main processing on potential contamination of the soil, productivity and economic efficiency of production of grain of corn.

scholarly journals Influence of basic tillage systems on economic efficiency of soybean cultivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (2) ◽  
pp. 022128
Author(s):  
L Zhichkina ◽  
K Zhichkin ◽  
M Saidmurodova ◽  
D Kokurin ◽  
Ju Romanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Yield Formation

Abstract Soybeans have become widespread in the world crop production as a valuable oilseed and high-protein crop with a unique biochemical composition. In the Russia in 2015-2019 annually there is an increase in acreage, yield and gross yield of soybeans. The research purpose is to substantiate the most effective system of basic soil cultivation during the soybeans cultivation in the Samara region. The research tasks included: to study the peculiarities of the soybeans yield formation depending on the main tillage systems, to evaluate the economic efficiency of the main tillage systems. It was found that the basic tillage system provided the best conditions for the formation of the soybean in 2018-2019. Thus, the highest yield was obtained in the variant with plowing by 20-22 cm and amounted to 14.9 cwt/ha, the lowest in the variant without autumn mechanical tillage - 10.1 cwt/ha. The calculation showed that the soybeans cultivation in all variants was effective. Direct costs in the soybeans cultivation varied according to the studied options from 15879.28 rubles/ha to 17767.34 rubles/ha, the cost price - from 1192.4 rubles/cwt to 1572.2 rubles/cwt. The basic tillage system with elements of minimization reduced direct costs, however, due to the lower yield, the highest net income was obtained in the variant with plowing by 20-22 cm and amounted to 19482.7 rubles/ha, with a profitability of 109.7%.

ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF LONG-TERM MULTI-CUT USE OF GRASS STAND WITH DIFFERENT RIPENING TIMES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Zhezmer
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Grass Stand ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Feed Unit

The data on the economic efficiency of long-term (12–37th years) use of cereal grass stands with different ripening times are presented. With three-cutting technology, the conditionally net income amounted to 17.8–23.7 thousand rubles/hectare, the cost of 1 feed unit was 5.4–6.0 rubles.

Broad beans are perspective leguminous forage crops

10.12737/2223 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 146-149
Author(s):  
Таланов ◽  
Ivan Talanov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
High Yields ◽  
The Cost

The articles offers the results of studies on the effect of sowing methods, seeding rates and backgrounds supply on yield and economic efficiency of broad bean cultivation for seeds. Increase seeding rate of 0.4 to 0.8 million units per hectare, regardless of sowing methods, increased the content of crude protein at 2.5-3.3 %. Similar changes occurred in the sugar content of the grain. In contrast, with increasing seeding rate, in wide-space sowing and calculated doses of fertilizers usage, resulted in a decrease of crude fiber, fat and ash. Adding the calculated doses of mineral fertilizers at planting in wide-space sowing with a rowing space of 45 cm and seeding rate of 0.6 million units per hectare provides about 10 thousand rubles per hectare, and the profitability level was 78 percent. Formation of high yields of green mass (41.0 tons per hectare) and grain ( 2.34 tons per hectare) of broad bean noted, when adding calculated doses of mineral fertilizers at wide-space sowing method with a seeding rate of 0.6 million units per hectare. I this way, we can see the high net income ( 9742.8 rubles per hectare), the level of profitability (78.0 %) and the cost of 1 ton of grain (5336.4 rubles per ton). The calculations of economic efficiency of fodder beans cultivation for grain showed that a high profitability obtained by making calculated doses of fertilizers, with a rowing method of sowing and seed rate of 0.7 million units per hectare was 59.4 %, while in wide-space sowing (45 and 60 cm) with a seeding rate of 0.6 million units per hectare was 78.0%.

scholarly journals THE ANALYSIS AND ESTIMATION OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF RISK MANAGEMENT

2015 ◽  
pp. 72-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Makarova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Corporate Government

Enterprise-wide risk management is a relatively new scientific and practical area of a corporate government, which has a special mission to deal with corporate risks and exposures and to achieve beneficial risk management outcomes. Risk management has a wide range of methods, techniques and tools, but quite expensive, but in the case of a successful application, can stimulate an increase in the company's value. Nevertheless, despite its relevance, risk management reluctantly introduced to the company, this is due, primarily, to the inability to pre-determine the economic impact of existing activities. Most methods for assessing the cost-effectiveness of risk management, as a rule, designed to assess the economic impact after the fact, in this article, the author has provided the tools for assessing the financial and economic impact of the implementation of risk management in advance.

scholarly journals Economic efficiency of creation and long-term use of different-ripening grass stands for hay harvesting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Zhezmer
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Feed Unit

Based on the improved methodology, an economic assessment of the mowing technology for hay harvesting is given. The total cost (44.8–47.5 thousand rubles/ha) for the creation of early and medium-mature long-term herbage with the dominance of rhizomatous grasses paid off in 1.6–1.8 years. In the next 25 years, annual production costs amounted to 20.1–21.6 thousand rubles/ha with the cost of 1 feed unit of 5.1–5.6 rubles and a conditional net income of 15.1–20.1 thousand rubles/ha.

Reliability of distributed energy facilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
F. Byk ◽  
L. Myshkina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Power Supply System ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Supply Systems

The reason for the appearance of the first distributed generation in Russia was the high requirements to the reliability of power supply to power consumers of a special group of the first category of reliability. Diesel generating units were used to ensure uninterrupted operation. High costs for technological connection of consumers of the 1st and 2nd categories of reliability have strengthened the tendency to install a backup energy source in the enterprises' own power supply systems. However, setting reserves leads to a decrease in economic efficiency. There are additional costs for maintaining the reserve in a working condition. As a result, enterprises transfer the backup units to the mode of the main power source, and that of the backup function to the centralized power supply system. The creation of such industrial MiniGrid operating in a mode without power supply to the grid increases the cost of electricity for other consumers. Besides, with the departure of industrial enterprises from the centralized power supply, the share of communal and non-industrial consumers is growing. This requires an increase in the manoeuvrability of energy sources. The creation of balanced Energy Cells for energy supply to the population and small and medium-sized businesses that provide services to the population is not accompanied by the negative effects indicated above. In Russia, there are isolated examples of such systems, similarly operating in a mode without supplying power to the grid. Changes are needed to allow active consumers to supply excess capacity to the grid during peak hours in the UES of Russia, for which the grid companies need to be allowed to operate at least in a mode without supplying power to the grid, which will not lead to a decrease in grid companies' revenues from electricity transmission services. The introduction of these changes does not only lead not only to an increase in the reliability of power supply but also to an increase in the economic efficiency of the UES, which will reduce the price of electricity.

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