Photon Emission Microscope as a Tool for 3-Dimensional Semiconductor Device Failure Analysis

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Chun
Keyword(s):  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Semiconductor Device ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Processing Times ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Abstract A three dimensional (3-D) photon emission failure analysis method has been developed to pinpoint failure sites or emission sites on the x, y, and z planes of a degraded diode. The 3-D analysis consists of a cross-sectioning step process on two adjacent sides of a diode utilizing two photon emission sites from respective sides of the die as a map. This process negates the uncertainty and long processing times during cross-sectional analysis to find minute defects in diodes.

Stiffness Constants for Composite Beams Including Large Initial Twist and Curvature Effects

1995 ◽  
Vol 48 (11S) ◽  
pp. S61-S67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos E. S. Cesnik ◽  
Dewey H. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Wave Length ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Curvature Effects ◽  
Three Dimensional Representation ◽  
Stiffness Model ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional Elasticity ◽  
Coupling Phenomena

An asymptotically exact methodology, based on geometrically nonlinear, three-dimensional elasticity, is presented for cross-sectional analysis of initially curved and twisted, nonhomogeneous, anisotropic beams. Through accounting for all possible deformation in the three-dimensional representation, the analysis correctly accounts for the complex elastic coupling phenomena in anisotropic beams associated with shear deformation. The analysis is subject only to the restrictions that the strain is small relative to unity and that the maximum dimension of the cross section is small relative to the wave length of the deformation and to the minimum radius of curvature and/or twist. The resulting cross-sectional elastic constants exhibit second-order dependence on the initial curvature and twist. As is well known, the associated geometrically-exact, one-dimensional equilibrium and kinematical equations also depend on initial twist and curvature. The corrections to the stiffness model derived herein are also necessary in general for proper representation of initially curved and twisted beams.

Scalable submicrometer additive manufacturing

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (6461) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sourabh K. Saha ◽  
Dien Wang ◽  
Vu H. Nguyen ◽  
Yina Chang ◽  
James S. Oakdale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Design Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Nanoscale Features

High-throughput fabrication techniques for generating arbitrarily complex three-dimensional structures with nanoscale features are desirable across a broad range of applications. Two-photon lithography (TPL)–based submicrometer additive manufacturing is a promising candidate to fill this gap. However, the serial point-by-point writing scheme of TPL is too slow for many applications. Attempts at parallelization either do not have submicrometer resolution or cannot pattern complex structures. We overcome these difficulties by spatially and temporally focusing an ultrafast laser to implement a projection-based layer-by-layer parallelization. This increases the throughput up to three orders of magnitude and expands the geometric design space. We demonstrate this by printing, within single-digit millisecond time scales, nanowires with widths smaller than 175 nanometers over an area one million times larger than the cross-sectional area.

A Variational-Asymptotic Theory of Smart Slender Structures

Aerospace ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sitikantha Roy ◽  
Wenbin Yu
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Variational Asymptotic ◽  
Small Parameters ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Slender Structures

The goal of the present work is to develop an efficient simulation tool with high-fidelity to help the engineers design and analyze smart slender structures with embedded piezoelectric materials. Actuation and sensing capabilities of piezoelectric material embedded in smart beam including geometric nonlinearity will be explored. The dimensional reduction process has been carried out using the powerful Variational Asymptotic Method. Starting from the exact three-dimensional electric-mechanically coupled enthalpy functional, the asymptotical analysis is done on the functional itself with respect to the naturally occurring small parameters. The original three-dimensional electric-mechanical problem of the slender structure is decomposed into two separate problems: a two-dimensional analysis over the cross section and a one-dimensional analysis over the beam reference line. The coupled cross-sectional analysis is being implemented in VABS, a versatile cross-sectional analysis code.

Three-Dimensional Anatomic Characterization of the Canine Laryngeal Abductor and Adductor Musculature

2000 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey W. Mineck ◽  
Roger Chan ◽  
Niro Tayama ◽  
Ingo R. Titze
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Moment Arms ◽  
Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscle ◽  
Posterior Cricoarytenoid ◽  
Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

The biomechanics of vocal fold abduction and adduction during phonation, respiration, and airway protection are not completely understood. Specifically, the rotational and translational forces on the arytenoid cartilages that result from intrinsic laryngeal muscle contraction have not been fully described. Anatomic data on the lines of action and moment arms for the intrinsic laryngeal muscles are also lacking. This study was conducted to quantify the 3-dimensional orientations and the relative cross-sectional areas of the intrinsic abductor and adductor musculature of the canine larynx. Eight canine larynges were used to evaluate the 3 muscles primarily responsible for vocal fold abduction and adduction: the posterior cricoarytenoid, the lateral cricoarytenoid, and the interarytenoid muscles. Each muscle was exposed and divided into discrete fiber bundles whose coordinate positions were digitized in 3-dimensional space. The mass, length, relative cross-sectional area, and angle of orientation for each muscle bundle were obtained to allow for the calculations of average lines of action and moment arms for each muscle. This mapping of the canine laryngeal abductor and adductor musculature provides important anatomic data for use in laryngeal biomechanical modeling. These data may also be useful in surgical procedures such as arytenoid adduction.

Novel Computed Tomography for Reconstructing Three-Dimensional Phase Contrast Images of Single Living Cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 827-830
Author(s):  
Yusuke Inoue ◽  
◽  
Ichirou Ishimaru ◽  
Toshiki Yasokawa ◽  
Katsumi Ishizaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Refractive Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Index Distribution ◽  
Single Living Cells ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Single Living

We proposed using spectroscopy-tomography of single cells as a diagnostic tool for improving early cancer detection and treatment. This technology potentially obtains the 3D distribution of cellular components at high spatial resolution. We used spectroscopy-tomography to generate and analyze a series of cross-sectional images of a borosilicate glass microsphere 10µm in diameter, easily determining the distribution of internal submicron defects in the microsphere. We also used this to estimate the 3-dimensional refractive index distribution in a single human breast cancer cell. The nucleus, which has a high refractive index, is clearly distinguishable.

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Scapular Kinematics During Arm Elevation in Baseball Players With Scapular Dyskinesis: Comparison of Dominant and Nondominant Arms

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Young Park ◽  
Junhyun Kim ◽  
Beom Ho Seo ◽  
Ho Dong Yu ◽  
Ju Hyun Sim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Scapular Dyskinesis ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Scapular Kinematics ◽  
Arm Elevation

Background: The knowledge of 3-dimensional scapular kinematics is essential for understanding the pathological lesions of the shoulder and elbow in throwing athletes. Many studies about alterations of the resting scapular position, dynamic scapular motion, or scapular dyskinesis (SD) have been conducted, yet none of them have identified a consistent pattern of altered scapular kinematics in throwing athletes. Hypothesis/Purpose: To analyze the 3-dimensional scapular kinematics of dominant and nondominant arms in baseball players with a pathological condition of the shoulder or elbow. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Bilateral scapular positions, consisting of upward rotation (UR), superior translation (ST), internal rotation (IR), protraction (PRO), and anterior tilting (AT) with an arm at rest and at 150° forward elevation, were measured among 319 baseball players with SD using 3-dimensional computed tomography. Angular values of scapula were compared between dominant and nondominant arms with statistical analysis. Level of Evidence: Level III, diagnostic study. Results: The scapular position of dominant arms showed significantly more AT, less ST at rest and more UR and IR and less ST, PRO, and AT at 150° full forward elevation compared with the nondominant arms. The magnitude of mean change of UR, IR, PRO, and AT during arm elevation increased significantly between the paired arms (P value: UR, ST, PRO, and AT: <.001 and IR: .001). Conclusion: When compared with the nondominant arms, UR, AT, and PRO with the arm at 150° forward elevation of dominant symptomatic arms in baseball players tilted toward positive compensation, whereas IR altered toward negative decompensation. In addition, the angular increment of the scapula increased significantly in dominant symptomatic arms compared with the nondominant arms.

Variational-Asymptotical Analysis of Initially Curved and Twisted Composite Beams

1993 ◽  
Vol 46 (11S) ◽  
pp. S211-S220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos E. S. Cesnik ◽  
Dewey H. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Wave Length ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Three Dimensional Representation ◽  
Beam Equations ◽  
Stiffness Model ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional Elasticity ◽  
Asymptotical Analysis

An asymptotically exact methodology, based on geometrically nonlinear, three-dimensional elasticity, is presented for cross-sectional analysis of initially curved and twisted, nonhomogeneous, anisotropic beams. Through accounting for all possible deformation in the three-dimensional representation, the analysis correctly accounts for the complex elastic coupling phenomena in anisotripic beams associated with shear deformation. The analysis is subject only to the restrictions that the strain is small relative to unity and that the maximum dimension of the cross section is small relative to the wave length of the deformation and to the minimum radius of curvature and/or twist. The resulting cross-sectional elastic constants exhibit first-order dependence on the initial curvature and twist. As is well known, the associated geometrically-exact, one-dimensional equilibrium and kinematical equations also depend on initial twist and curvature. Present numerical results show that it is insufficient to account for initial twist and curvature in the beam equations only. The corrections to the stiffness model derived herein are also necessary in general for proper representation of anisotropic beams.

Biocompatibility of CAD/CAM ORMOCER polymer scaffold structures

2004 ◽  
Vol 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Doraiswamy ◽  
T. Patz ◽  
R. Narayan ◽  
B. Chichkov ◽  
A. Ovsianikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Polymer Scaffold ◽  
Preferential Growth ◽  
Bioactive Materials ◽  
Biological Scaffolds ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Ecm Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cad Cam

ABSTRACTA fresh approach with a novel process and a hybrid material is explored for developing designer 3-dimensional functional tissue scaffolds. The process of two photon-induced polymerization generally used for electronic and optical materials is introduced for developing biological scaffolds. Hybrid materials containing organic-inorganic units, ORMOCERs, fabricated with this process are tested for biocompatibility using various cell-types and compared with known standards such as polystyrene and ECM (Extracellular Matrix). Results show good adherence of different cells to these materials, and a growth rate comparable to bioactive materials. Structures with various surface topologies are developed and tested for preferential growth. The study is a first step towards developing bioactive and bioresorbable heterogeneous three-dimensional scaffolds.

Analysis of Surge Shaft Excavation Process Based on 3-Dimensional Finite Difference Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Zhen Zhong Shen ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Nan Yao ◽  
Chao Xin Shao
Keyword(s):  
Finite Difference ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surrounding Rock ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Station ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Hydroelectric Project ◽  
Excavation Process ◽  
The Stability

As an important part of the structure of hydroelectric power station, surge shaft is embedded in the rock mass, whose body size and loading conditions are typically complex. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate safety of the design scheme in order to ensure construction safety. With upper background, three dimensional finite difference model of the surge shaft and surrounding rock of a hydroelectric project in Zambia were established based on three dimensional nonlinear finite difference analysis method. Calculation of the surge shaft stepped excavation with supporting at all levels of the construction process was done. The deformation and stress state of the surrounding rock of surge shaft and its variation law in excavation process was analyzed. Furthermore, the stability of surrounding rocks and rationality of the designed support measures were evaluated.

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