Biocompatibility of CAD/CAM ORMOCER polymer scaffold structures

2004 ◽  
Vol 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Doraiswamy ◽  
T. Patz ◽  
R. Narayan ◽  
B. Chichkov ◽  
A. Ovsianikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Polymer Scaffold ◽  
Preferential Growth ◽  
Bioactive Materials ◽  
Biological Scaffolds ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Ecm Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cad Cam

ABSTRACTA fresh approach with a novel process and a hybrid material is explored for developing designer 3-dimensional functional tissue scaffolds. The process of two photon-induced polymerization generally used for electronic and optical materials is introduced for developing biological scaffolds. Hybrid materials containing organic-inorganic units, ORMOCERs, fabricated with this process are tested for biocompatibility using various cell-types and compared with known standards such as polystyrene and ECM (Extracellular Matrix). Results show good adherence of different cells to these materials, and a growth rate comparable to bioactive materials. Structures with various surface topologies are developed and tested for preferential growth. The study is a first step towards developing bioactive and bioresorbable heterogeneous three-dimensional scaffolds.

scholarly journals Hematopoiesis in 3 dimensions: human and murine bone marrow architecture visualized by confocal microscopy

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (15) ◽  
pp. e41-e55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoiku Takaku ◽  
Daniela Malide ◽  
Jichun Chen ◽  
Rodrigo T. Calado ◽  
Sachiko Kajigaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Bone Marrow Tissue ◽  
Murine Bone Marrow ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Vascular Structures ◽  
Bone Structures ◽  
Surrounding Bone

AbstractIn many animals, blood cell production occurs in the bone marrow. Hematopoiesis is complex, requiring self-renewing and pluripotent stem cells, differentiated progenitor and precursor cells, and supportive stroma, adipose tissue, vascular structures, and extracellular matrix. Although imaging is a vital tool in hematology research, the 3-dimensional architecture of the bone marrow tissue in situ remains largely uncharacterized. The major hindrance to imaging the intact marrow is the surrounding bone structures are almost impossible to cut/image through. We have overcome these obstacles and describe a method whereby whole-mounts of bone marrow tissue were immunostained and imaged in 3 dimensions by confocal fluorescence and reflection microscopy. We have successfully mapped by multicolor immunofluorescence the localization pattern of as many as 4 cell features simultaneously over large tiled views and to depths of approximately 150 μm. Three-dimensional images can be assessed qualitatively and quantitatively to appreciate the distribution of cell types and their interrelationships, with minimal perturbations of the tissue. We demonstrate its application to normal mouse and human marrow, to murine models of marrow failure, and to patients with aplastic anemia, myeloid, and lymphoid cell malignancies. The technique should be generally adaptable for basic laboratory investigation and for clinical diagnosis of hematologic diseases.

scholarly journals Chronic imaging of mitochondria in the murine cerebral vasculature using in vivo two-photon microscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (6) ◽  
pp. H1379-H1386
Author(s):  
Ibolya Rutkai ◽  
Wesley R. Evans ◽  
Nikita Bess ◽  
Tomas Salter-Cid ◽  
Siniša Čikić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Circulation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Two Photon Microscopy ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Different Cell Types

We introduce an innovative in vivo approach to study mitochondria in the cerebral circulation in their physiological environment by demonstrating the feasibility of long-term imaging and three-dimensional reconstruction. We postulate that the appropriate combination of Cre/Lox system and two-photon microscopy will contribute to a better understanding of the role of mitochondria in not only endothelium but also the different cell types of the cerebral circulation.

scholarly journals Cardiac Tissues From Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 775-801
Author(s):  
Giulia Campostrini ◽  
Laura M. Windt ◽  
Berend J. van Meer ◽  
Milena Bellin ◽  
Christine L. Mummery
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Human Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
3 Dimensional

The ability of human pluripotent stem cells to form all cells of the body has provided many opportunities to study disease and produce cells that can be used for therapy in regenerative medicine. Even though beating cardiomyocytes were among the first cell types to be differentiated from human pluripotent stem cell, cardiac applications have advanced more slowly than those, for example, for the brain, eye, and pancreas. This is, in part, because simple 2-dimensional human pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocyte cultures appear to need crucial functional cues normally present in the 3-dimensional heart structure. Recent tissue engineering approaches combined with new insights into the dialogue between noncardiomyocytes and cardiomyocytes have addressed and provided solutions to issues such as cardiomyocyte immaturity and inability to recapitulate adult heart values for features like contraction force, electrophysiology, or metabolism. Three-dimensional bioengineered heart tissues are thus poised to contribute significantly to disease modeling, drug discovery, and safety pharmacology, as well as provide new modalities for heart repair. Here, we review the current status of 3-dimensional engineered heart tissues.

Automobile Redirector 3 Dimensional Parametric System Design

2011 ◽  
Vol 403-408 ◽  
pp. 4094-4097
Author(s):  
Ke Xi Guo ◽  
Jia Rong Wu ◽  
Hai Wu ◽  
Yu Feng Chen ◽  
Da Yang Gao
Keyword(s):  
System Development ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Steering System ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Basic Module ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
The Core ◽  
Parametric System ◽  
Cad Cam

According to the market demand trend, design the automobile redirector 3 dimensional parametric system. the system developed under the new parts of the design features step-oriented modules, including several major functions such as three-dimensional model showed the size of the design. The core size of the design uses a Visual Basic module called SolidWorks API functions to drive the part model, in order to complete the model and revision. This paper describes the overall system development process, including the core driver code for a typical part. Using three-dimensional parametric steering system can quickly develop a high quality steering parts, to meet changing market needs with efficient, practical features, this method is gradually used, it is a development potential of CAD / CAM technology.

Photon Emission Microscope as a Tool for 3-Dimensional Semiconductor Device Failure Analysis

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Chun
Keyword(s):  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Semiconductor Device ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Processing Times ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Abstract A three dimensional (3-D) photon emission failure analysis method has been developed to pinpoint failure sites or emission sites on the x, y, and z planes of a degraded diode. The 3-D analysis consists of a cross-sectioning step process on two adjacent sides of a diode utilizing two photon emission sites from respective sides of the die as a map. This process negates the uncertainty and long processing times during cross-sectional analysis to find minute defects in diodes.

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Using Stereo Pairs from Serial Thick Sections

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 562-563
Author(s):  
Robert Glaeser ◽  
Thomas Bauer ◽  
David Grano
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Stereo Imagery ◽  
Whole Mounts

In transmission electron microscopy, the 3-dimensional structure of an object is usually obtained in one of two ways. For objects which can be included in one specimen, as for example with elements included in freeze- dried whole mounts and examined with a high voltage microscope, stereo pairs can be obtained which exhibit the 3-D structure of the element. For objects which can not be included in one specimen, the 3-D shape is obtained by reconstruction from serial sections. However, without stereo imagery, only detail which remains constant within the thickness of the section can be used in the reconstruction; consequently, the choice is between a low resolution reconstruction using a few thick sections and a better resolution reconstruction using many thin sections, generally a tedious chore. This paper describes an approach to 3-D reconstruction which uses stereo images of serial thick sections to reconstruct an object including detail which changes within the depth of an individual thick section.

SEM of Hepatocytes and Biliary Passages in Goldfish Liver

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 556-557
Author(s):  
Waykin Nopanitaya ◽  
Joe W. Grisham ◽  
Johnny L. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Biliary System ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Commercial Fish Food

An interesting feature of the goldfish liver is the morphology of the hepatic plate, which is always formed by a two-cell layer of hepatocytes. Hepatic plates of the goldfish liver contain an infrequently seen second type of cell, in the centers of plates between two hepatocytes. A TEH study by Yamamoto (1) demonstrated ultrastructural differences between hepatocytes and centrally located cells in hepatic plates; the latter were classified as ductule cells of the biliary system. None of the previous studies clearly showed a three-dimensional organization of the two cell types described. In the present investigation we utilize SEM to elucidate the arrangement of hepatocytes and bile ductular cells in intralobular plates of goldfish liver.Livers from young goldfish (Carassius auratus), about 6-10 cm, fed commercial fish food were used for this study. Hepatic samples were fixed in 4% buffered paraformaldehyde, cut into pieces, fractured, osmicated, CPD, mounted Au-Pd coated, and viewed by SEM at 17-20 kV. Our observations were confined to the ultrastructure of biliary passages within intralobular plates, ductule cells, and hepatocytes.

Design and calibration of an IVEM for general 3-dimensional imaging of non-diffracting materials

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1040-1041
Author(s):  
Neil Rowlands ◽  
Jeff Price ◽  
Michael Kersker ◽  
Seichi Suzuki ◽  
Steve Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Tomographic Reconstruction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
3D Microstructure ◽  
Image Translation ◽  
Digital Correlation ◽  
On Line ◽  
Mechanical Stage ◽  
Projection Angle

Three-dimensional (3D) microstructure visualization on the electron microscope requires that the sample be tilted to different positions to collect a series of projections. This tilting should be performed rapidly for on-line stereo viewing and precisely for off-line tomographic reconstruction. Usually a projection series is collected using mechanical stage tilt alone. The stereo pairs must be viewed off-line and the 60 to 120 tomographic projections must be aligned with fiduciary markers or digital correlation methods. The delay in viewing stereo pairs and the alignment problems in tomographic reconstruction could be eliminated or improved by tilting the beam if such tilt could be accomplished without image translation.A microscope capable of beam tilt with simultaneous image shift to eliminate tilt-induced translation has been investigated for 3D imaging of thick (1 μm) biologic specimens. By tilting the beam above and through the specimen and bringing it back below the specimen, a brightfield image with a projection angle corresponding to the beam tilt angle can be recorded (Fig. 1a).

Correlative transmission and high-resolution scanning electron microscopic studies on pituitary cells

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-21
Author(s):  
S. Tai
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Structure And Activity ◽  
Intracellular Structure

Extensive cytological and histological research, correlated with physiological experimental analysis, have been done on the anterior pituitaries of many different vertebrates which have provided the knowledge to create the concept that specific cell types synthesize, store and release their specific hormones. These hormones are stored in or associated with granules. Nevertheless, there are still many doubts - that need further studies, specially on the ultrastructure and physiology of these endocrine cells during the process of synthesis, transport and secretion, whereas some new methods may provide the information about the intracellular structure and activity in detail.In the present work, ultrastructural study of the hormone-secretory cells of chicken pituitaries have been done by using TEM as well as HR-SEM, to correlate the informations obtained from 2-dimensional TEM micrography with the 3-dimensional SEM topographic images, which have a continous surface with larger depth of field that - offers the adventage to interpretate some intracellular structures which were not possible to see using TEM.

Epithelial Organotypic Cultures: A Viable Model to Address Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis by Epitheliotropic Viruses

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Termini ◽  
Enrique Boccardo
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Organotypic Cultures ◽  
Skin Physiology

In vitro culture of primary or established cell lines is one of the leading techniques in many areas of basic biological research. The use of pure or highly enriched cultures of specific cell types obtained from different tissues and genetics backgrounds has greatly contributed to our current understanding of normal and pathological cellular processes. Cells in culture are easily propagated generating an almost endless source of material for experimentation. Besides, they can be manipulated to achieve gene silencing, gene overexpression and genome editing turning possible the dissection of specific gene functions and signaling pathways. However, monolayer and suspension cultures of cells do not reproduce the cell type diversity, cell-cell contacts, cell-matrix interactions and differentiation pathways typical of the three-dimensional environment of tissues and organs from where they were originated. Therefore, different experimental animal models have been developed and applied to address these and other complex issues in vivo. However, these systems are costly and time consuming. Most importantly the use of animals in scientific research poses moral and ethical concerns facing a steadily increasing opposition from different sectors of the society. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of alternative in vitro experimental models that accurately reproduce the events observed in vivo to reduce the use of animals. Organotypic cultures combine the flexibility of traditional culture systems with the possibility of culturing different cell types in a 3D environment that reproduces both the structure and the physiology of the parental organ. Here we present a summarized description of the use of epithelial organotypic for the study of skin physiology, human papillomavirus biology and associated tumorigenesis.

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