scholarly journals Testing for the Significance of Induced Highway Travel Demand in Metropolitan Areas

2000 ◽  
Vol 1706 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence C. Barr
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Highway Capacity ◽  
Time Savings ◽  
Personal Transportation ◽  
Household Travel

A research study was conducted to evaluate and quantify the effect of highway capacity improvements on travel demand. Statistical models using Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey data were designed to estimate relationships between average household travel time and vehicle-miles of travel. Several regression models were estimated, and the results were stratified by urbanized area, public transportation availability, metropolitan area size, family life cycle, day-of-week of travel, and population density. Travel-time elasticities of -0.3 to -0.5 were generally found, after taking into account the effects of household size, income, population density, and household employment. These results suggest that travelers will spend 30 to 50 percent of the time savings afforded by highway improvements in additional travel. Overall, the results of this study provide evidence that highway capacity improvements can create additional travel, although the magnitude of the induced traffic effect was found to be smaller than that reported by some previous researchers.

scholarly journals Feeder Bus Accessibility Modeling and Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8942
Author(s):  
Shixiong Jiang ◽  
Wei Guan ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Wenyi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Analytical Modeling ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Travel Times ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Feeder Bus ◽  
Travel Services ◽  
Demand Responsive Transit

To improve first/last mile travel services between metro stations and communities, this study modeled and analyzed four kinds of feeder bus operation strategies in terms of travel time and accessibility. The analytical modeling was used to compare the travel times and the simulation experiments were used to compare the accessibilities of different operation strategies. The results showed that when the ratio between length and width of study area increases, the number of stops for the fixed route transit with fixed stops will increase. When the travel demand is low, the demand responsive transit with separate routes has the highest accessibility. When the travel demand is high, the fixed route transit with fixed stops provides the highest accessibility. In addition, the ratio of flows in two passenger directions has different influences on the four operation strategies. This study can provide guidance for feeder bus operation to improve public transportation attraction.

Two Minutes per Person per Day Each Year

2005 ◽  
Vol 1917 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lavenia Toole-Holt ◽  
Steven E. Polzin ◽  
Ram M. Pendyala
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
Significant Implication ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Personal Transportation ◽  
Household Travel ◽  
Time Expenditures ◽  
Daily Travel

During the past several decades significant changes in travel behavior in the United States have occurred. Evidence from the Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey series and the 2001 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) indicates that the average daily travel time per person has increased by 1.9 min per year between 1983 and 2001. The objective of this paper is to explore the growth of daily travel time expenditures. Changes in society, technology, incomes, attitudes, and sociodemographic and household structure have been hypothesized as having contributed to the travel time growth. This analysis explores those variables and their relationship to increases in travel time. Aggregate values are used to investigate the relationships between daily travel time expenditures and sociodemographic characteristics. This paper comments on the share of travel time growth that can be explained by the available variables and speculates on the implications of other factors on travel time expenditure growth. A review of the NHTS data set and an analysis of the relationships between the data set and travel time expenditures make clear that travel budget changes that appear to be related to the set of available variables do not explain the full reason for the significant increase in travel time spending. The increases are across all market segments: age, income, gender, ethnicity, household composition, and so on. Thus, shifts in demographic or other traveler conditions do not fully explain the increases in trip making. That has a significant implication for transportation planning–-traditional sociodemographic predictors for trip making do not appear to be sufficiently causal to be useful for understanding current and future factors influencing trip making and travel expenditure changes.

Practical Framework for Benchmarking and Impact Evaluation of Public Transportation Infrastructure: Case of Belo Horizonte, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rounaq Basu ◽  
Bianca Bianchi Alves
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Transportation Infrastructure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Employment Education ◽  
Belo Horizonte

Although accessibility to opportunities is essential for good quality of life, it is strongly dependent on mobility options. This paper provides a practical framework for benchmarking and impact evaluation of public transportation infrastructure, which is demonstrated with a case study of Belo Horizonte in Brazil. It was found that the number of stops per kilometer of bus route is quite low in Belo Horizonte compared with other cities with similar population density, despite the city having a much larger bus network. Three types of opportunities were then considered: employment, education, and potential for social interaction. An isochrone model was used for implementing the cumulative opportunities approach to measure accessibility. GTFS data were used to conduct simulations of transit schedules to obtain two accessibility indicators. The first finding shows that the public transportation system does not provide good connectivity to areas with high population density. While examining sensitivity to travel time thresholds, accessibility was found to increase with increase in travel time but not equally so for populations with different income levels. Lower income cohorts were seen to have lower accessibility than higher income counterparts, irrespective of the type of opportunity. It was found that transport network improvements should aim to reduce the income gap of 60% of BPL population by at least 8%. Finally, recommendations are provided for areas of investment by highlighting critical transit corridors and a critical but isolated underserved suburb. This framework can be easily applied to other case studies around the world.

Impact of Underreporting on Mileage and Travel Time Estimates: Results from Global Positioning System-Enhanced Household Travel Survey

2003 ◽  
Vol 1854 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Wolf ◽  
Marcelo Oliveira ◽  
Miriam Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Gps Technology ◽  
Travel Survey ◽  
Household Travel Survey ◽  
Time Estimates ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Household Travel

Trip underreporting has long been a problem in household travel surveys because of the self-reporting nature of traditional survey methods. Memory decay, failure to understand or to follow survey instructions, unwillingness to report full details of travel, and simple carelessness have all contributed to the incomplete collection of travel data in self-reporting surveys. Because household trip survey data are the primary input into trip generation models, it has a potentially serious impact on transportation model outputs, such as vehicle miles of travel (VMT) and travel time. Global Positioning System (GPS) technology has been used as a supplement in the collection of personal travel data. Previous studies confirmed the feasibility of applying GPS technology to improve both the accuracy and the completeness of travel data. An analysis of the impact of trip underreporting on modeled VMT and travel times is presented. This analysis compared VMT and travel time estimates with GPS-measured data. These VMT and travel time estimates were derived by the trip assignment module of each region's travel demand model by using the trips reported in computer-assisted telephone inter views. This analysis used a subset of data from the California Statewide Household Travel Survey GPS Study and was made possible through the cooperation of the metropolitan planning organizations of the three study areas (Alameda, Sacramento, and San Diego, California).

scholarly journals How Autonomous Driving May Affect the Value of Travel Time Savings for Commuting

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (46) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Steck ◽  
Viktoriya Kolarova ◽  
Francisco Bahamonde-Birke ◽  
Stefan Trommer ◽  
Barbara Lenz
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Travel Time Savings ◽  
Time Savings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Privately Owned

Autonomous driving is being discussed as a promising solution for transportation-related issues and might bring some improvement for users of the system. For instance, especially high mileage commuters might compensate for some of their time spent traveling as they will be able to undertake other activities while going to work. At the same time, there are still many uncertainties and little empirical data on the impact of autonomous driving on mode choices. This study addresses the impact of autonomous driving on value of travel time savings (VTTS) and mode choices for commuting trips using stated-choice experiments. Two use cases were addressed – a privately owned, and a shared autonomous vehicle – compared with other modes of transportation. The collected data were analyzed by performing a mixed logit model. The results show that mode-related factors such as time elements, especially in-vehicle time and cost, play a crucial role for mode choices that include autonomous vehicles. The study provides empirical evidence that autonomous driving may lead to a reduction in VTTS for commuting trips. It was found that driving autonomously in a privately owned vehicle might reduce the VTTS by 31% compared with driving manually, and is perceived similarly to in-vehicle time in public transportation. Furthermore, riding in a shared autonomous vehicle is perceived 10% less negatively than driving manually. The study provides important insights into VTTS by autonomous driving for commuting trips and could be a base for future research to build upon.

scholarly journals Travel Time and Cost Analysis of PAVE Application in Malaysia

2014 ◽  
Vol 629 ◽  
pp. 246-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fairuz I. Romli ◽  
Mohd Saffuan Yaakob
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
The Public ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Air Vehicle ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Personal Transportation ◽  
Third Dimension

Transportation has already become a huge necessity in people's life today. As the world progresses, transportation systems will have to undergo paradigm shifts to adapt with the changing requirements. Personal transportation is typically preferred to the public transportation and to date, most domestic travels have been made on the ground through roads. However, with the increasing traffic volume, the average time spent travelling on roads has significantly increased for the same amount of distance travelled. It has been proposed that utilization of the possible third dimension of transportation system, which is the air transportation, can aid personal transportation and alleviate this problem. This notion gives birth to the design concepts of the personal air vehicle (PAVE) that is envisioned to operate synergistically with the existing ground and air infrastructures. This paper aims to preliminarily study and analyze the potential benefits of having PAVE option in Malaysia for domestic travel and how its performance fares in comparison to existing transportation options. The results of travel time and cost comparisons highlight the potential of PAVE application for the domestic transportation in Malaysia, particularly for personal travel need.

City CarShare: First-Year Travel Demand Impacts

2003 ◽  
Vol 1839 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Cervero
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
First Year ◽  
Vehicle Miles Traveled ◽  
Car Sharing ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Travel Time Savings ◽  
Time Savings ◽  
Walking And Biking

Nine months into the introduction of car sharing in San Francisco, California, an estimated 7% of members' trips and more than 20% of vehicle miles traveled were by shared-use vehicles. Evidence suggests that access to shared cars is stimulating motorized travel. Most members do not own cars, and many appear to be leasing vehicles in lieu of walking and biking. Car-share vehicles are used more for personal business and social-recreational travel than for nondiscretionary, routine travel such as to work or school. Shared cars are generally not used during peak periods or to dense settings well served by transit, such as downtown. In this sense, car sharing appears to be stimulating a resourceful form of judicious automobility. Users are accruing substantial travel-time savings and willingly pay market prices for these benefits.

scholarly journals A Choice Too Far: Transit Difficulty and Early High School Transfer

2020 ◽  
pp. 0013189X2094950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc L. Stein ◽  
Julia Burdick-Will ◽  
Jeffrey Grigg
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
School System ◽  
Ninth Grade ◽  
Public School System ◽  
Baltimore City ◽  
School Transfer ◽  
The Relationship

The challenge of a long and difficult commute to school each day is likely to wear on students, leading some to change schools. We used administrative data from approximately 3,900 students in the Baltimore City Public School System in 2014–2015 to estimate the relationship between travel time on public transportation and school transfer during the ninth grade. We show that students who have relatively more difficult commutes are more likely to transfer than peers in the same school with less difficult commutes. Moreover, we found that when these students change schools, their newly enrolled school is substantially closer to home, requires fewer vehicle transfers, and is less likely to have been included among their initial set of school choices.

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