Problem Driving Maneuvers of Elderly Drivers

2003 ◽  
Vol 1843 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susantha Chandraratna ◽  
Nikiforos Stamatiadis
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Potential Problem ◽  
Older Drivers ◽  
Gap Acceptance ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Limited Access ◽  
Lane Changes ◽  
Elderly Drivers ◽  
Crash Rates

Older drivers, who are the fastest growing segment of the U.S. population, experience high crash rates. An analysis was performed to evaluate potential problem maneuvers that may lead to higher crash involvement. Left turns against oncoming traffic, gap acceptance for crossing non-limited-access highways, and high-speed lane changes on limited-access highways are identified as such maneuvers. Older and younger driver accident propensities are measured, using Kentucky crash data. The findings of the analysis show that older drivers are more likely to be involved in crashes related with these maneuvers compared with younger drivers; older male drivers are safer than older female drivers in left-turn crashes and gap acceptance–related crashes, and having a passenger beside the older drivers makes for a safer driving environment. Potential countermeasures aiming to reduce the accident rates of older drivers are discussed.

Estimating the Safety and Operational Impact of Raised Medians and Driveway Density

2005 ◽  
Vol 1931 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Eisele ◽  
William E. Frawley
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Crash Rates ◽  
Geometric Conditions ◽  
Texas Department ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Traffic Level

This paper describes research sponsored by the Texas Department of Transportation to investigate the operational and safety impact of raised medians and driveway consolidation. Operational effects (travel time, speed, and delay) were investigated through microsimulation on three field test corridors and three theoretical corridors. Safety effects were investigated along 11 test corridors to estimate relationships between crash rates and access point densities as well as the presence of raised medians or two-way left-turn lanes (TWLTLs). The research demonstrates that access management effects are case specific and that microsimulation can assess these unique operational effects. For the case studies investigated, replacing a TWLTL with a raised median resulted in an increase in travel time on two test corridors and a decrease on one test corridor. Small increases in travel time were found with the theoretical corridors as well. The travel time differences are based on the traffic level and location and number of the raised median openings. When present, the relatively small increases in travel time, and subsequent speed and delay, appear to be outweighed by the reduction in the number of conflict points and increased safety. Detailed crash analysis on 11 test corridors indicated that as access point density increases, crash rates increase. This trend holds regardless of the median type. For test corridors in which crash data were investigated before and after the raised median installation, a reduction in the crash rate was always found. Finally, future research needs are identified, including the need to investigate operational and safety impact over a broader range of geometric conditions and longer corridors than investigated here.

Left-Turn Gap Acceptance Behavior of Elderly Drivers at Unsignalized Intersections

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongmei Zhou ◽  
Nicholas E. Lownes ◽  
John N. Ivan ◽  
Per E. Gårder ◽  
Nalini Ravishanker
Keyword(s):  
Gap Acceptance ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Elderly Drivers ◽  
Unsignalized Intersections

Are Older Drivers Safe on Interchanges? Analyzing Driving Errors Causing Crashes

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110312
Author(s):  
Denis Elia Monyo ◽  
Henrick J. Haule ◽  
Angela E. Kitali ◽  
Thobias Sando
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Older Drivers ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Lighting Condition ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Traffic Conflicts ◽  
Penalized Logistic Regression

Older drivers are prone to driving errors that can lead to crashes. The risk of older drivers making errors increases in locations with complex roadway features and higher traffic conflicts. Interchanges are freeway locations with more driving challenges than other basic segments. Because of the growing population of older drivers, it is vital to understand driving errors that can lead to crashes on interchanges. This knowledge can assist in developing countermeasures that will ensure safety for all road users when navigating through interchanges. The goal of this study was to determine driver, environmental, roadway, and traffic characteristics that influence older drivers’ errors resulting in crashes along interchanges. The analysis was based on three years (2016–2018) of crash data from Florida. A two-step approach involving a latent class clustering analysis and the penalized logistic regression was used to investigate factors that influence driving errors made by older drivers on interchanges. This approach accounted for heterogeneity that exists in the crash data and enhanced the identification of contributing factors. The results revealed patterns that are not obvious without a two-step approach, including variables that were not significant in all crashes, but were significant in specific clusters. These factors included driver gender and interchange type. Results also showed that all other factors, including distracted driving, lighting condition, area type, speed limit, time of day, and horizontal alignment, were significant in all crashes and few specific clusters.

scholarly journals Safety Impacts of Converting Two-Way Left-Turn Lanes to Raised Medians and Associated Design Concerns

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Alluri ◽  
Albert Gan ◽  
Kirolos Haleem
Keyword(s):  
Data Availability ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Arterial Streets ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Potential Safety ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Crash Types ◽  
Associated Design ◽  
Urban Arterial

Raised medians and two-way left-turn lanes (TWLTLs) are the two most common types of median treatments on arterial streets. This paper aims to conduct a detailed study on the safety impacts of conversion from TWLTLs to raised medians on state roads in Florida. In addition, the study also investigated several potential safety concerns related to raised medians on state roads, including crashes at median openings, vehicles directly hitting the median curb, and median crossover crashes. Based on data availability, 17.51 miles of urban arterial sections in Florida that were converted from TWLTLs to raised medians were analyzed. Police reports of all the crashes before and after median conversion were reviewed to correct miscoded crash types and obtain additional detailed crash information. Overall, a 28.5% reduction in total crash rate was observed after the 10 study locations were converted from TWLTLs to raised medians. The reductions in the proportions of left-turn and right-turn crashes were statistically significant, while the changes in the proportions of other crash types were not statistically significant. Furthermore, the crash data did not show evidence that raised medians are an additional hazard compared with TWLTLs.

scholarly journals Association between Crash Attributes and Drivers’ Crash Involvement: A Study Based on Police-Reported Crash Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 9020
Author(s):  
Guofa Li ◽  
Weijian Lai ◽  
Xingda Qu
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Nearest Neighbors ◽  
Older Drivers ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Imbalance Problem ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Crash Types ◽  
Safety Enhancement

Understanding the association between crash attributes and drivers’ crash involvement in different types of crashes can help figure out the causation of crashes. The aim of this study was to examine the involvement in different types of crashes for drivers from different age groups, by using the police-reported crash data from 2014 to 2016 in Shenzhen, China. A synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) together with edited nearest neighbors (ENN) were used to solve the data imbalance problem caused by the lack of crash records of older drivers. Logistic regression was utilized to estimate the probability of a certain type of crashes, and odds ratios that were calculated based on the logistic regression results were used to quantify the association between crash attributes and drivers’ crash involvement in different types of crashes. Results showed that drivers’ involvement patterns in different crash types were affected by different factors, and the involvement patterns differed among the examined age groups. Knowledge generated from the present study could help improve the development of countermeasures for driving safety enhancement.

scholarly journals A Crash Surrogate Metric considering Traffic Flow Dynamics in a Motorway Corridor

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Xu Wang ◽  
Kai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Simple Calculation ◽  
Flow Dynamics ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Time To Collision ◽  
Crash Rates ◽  
Crash Surrogate ◽  
Surrogate Measures ◽  
Levels Of Service

We proposed a new crash surrogate metric, i.e., the maximum disturbance that a car following scenario can accommodate, to represent potential crash risks with a simple closed form. The metric is developed in consideration of traffic flow dynamics. Then, we compared its performance in predicting the rear-end crash risks for motorway on-ramps with other two surrogate measures (time to collision and aggregated crash index). To this end, a one-lane on-ramp of Pacific Motorway, Australia, was selected for this case study. Due to the lack of crash data on the study site, historical crash counts were merged according to levels of service (LOS) and then converted into crash rates. In this study, we used the societal risk index to represent the crash surrogate indicators and built relationships with crash rates. The final results show that (1) the proposed metric and aggregated crash index are superior to the time to collision in predicting the rear-end crash risks for on-ramps; (2) they have a relatively similar performance, but due to the simple calculation, the proposed metric is more applicable to some real-world cases compared with the aggregated crash index.

scholarly journals Collective Risk Ranking of Highway Segments on the Basis of Severity-Weighted Crash Rates

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Dawei Li ◽  
Mustafa F. M. Al-Mahamda
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Bayes ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Crash Severity ◽  
Regression To The Mean ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Crash Rates ◽  
Risk Ranking ◽  
Collective Risk ◽  
Major Factors

This study is intended to focus on the major factors affecting traffic crash rates and severity levels, in addition to identifying crash-prone locations (i.e., black spots) based on the two indicators. The available crash data for different road segments used for the analysis were obtained from the Washington state database provided by the Highway Safety Information System (HSIS) for the years 2006 to 2011. A Random Forest (RF) classifier was used to predict the outcome level of crash severity, while crash rates were predicted by applying RF regressor. Certain features were selected for each model besides the abstraction of new features to check if there are unobserved correlations affecting the independent variables, such as accounting for the number and weight of crashes within 1 km2 area by implementing the Getis-Ord Gi∗ index. Moreover, to calculate the collective risk (CR) score, crash rates were adjusted to incorporate crash severity weights (cost per severity type) and regression-to-the-mean (RTM) bias via Empirical Bayes (EB) method. Finally, segments were ranked according to their CR score.

scholarly journals Older Drivers’ Differential Performance across Hazardous Scenarios

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Jonathan Kasko ◽  
HeeSun Choi ◽  
Jing Feng
Keyword(s):  
Interface Design ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Older Drivers ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Attentional Processing ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Older Driver ◽  
Differential Performance ◽  
Driver Performance ◽  
Age Related

With age-related changes in cognitive functioning including attention, older drivers experience increased crash risks and are particularly overrepresented in vehicle crashes in driving situations such as making a left turn and merging with traffic. Effective remedies via assessment, training, and interface design require understanding of individual performance in specific scenarios. In this study, we investigated older driver performance characteristics in eight distinct hazard scenarios. Participants completed a task measuring their attentional processing of information and decision at intersections. The findings revealed sizable heteroge-neity in performance across scenarios, with older drivers being more conservative or liberal in certain situa-tions. Some group differences were also observed. These findings suggest the importance of examining individual performance in unique driving scenarios in addition to an aggregated accuracy across all scenar-ios.

Crash rates over time among younger and older drivers in the SHRP 2 naturalistic driving study

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 245-251
Author(s):  
Bruce G. Simons-Morton ◽  
Pnina Gershon ◽  
Fearghal O'Brien ◽  
Gary Gensler ◽  
Sheila G. Klauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Drivers ◽  
Crash Rates ◽  
Naturalistic Driving Study ◽  
Naturalistic Driving ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals The Relationship between in-Vehicle Technologies and Self-Regulation among Older Drivers

Geriatrics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Austin M. Svancara ◽  
Leon Villavicencio ◽  
Tara Kelley-Baker ◽  
William J. Horrey ◽  
Lisa J. Molnar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Older Drivers ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Driving Behaviors ◽  
Regulatory Behavior ◽  
Vehicle Technologies ◽  
Bad Weather ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
The Relationship

The study sought to understand the relationship between in-vehicle technologies (IVTs) and self-regulatory behaviors among older drivers. In a large multi-site study of 2990 older drivers, self-reported data on the presence of IVTs and avoidance of various driving behaviors (talking on a mobile phone while driving, driving at night, driving in bad weather, and making left turns when there is no left turn arrow) were recorded. Self-reports were used to identify whether avoidance was due to self-regulation. Hierarchical logistic regressions were used to determine whether the presence of a particular IVT predicted the likelihood of a given self-regulatory behavior after controlling for other factors. Results suggest that the presence of Integrated Bluetooth/Voice Control systems are related to a reduced likelihood of avoiding talking on a mobile phone while driving due to self-regulation (OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.29–0.47). The presence of a Navigation Assistance system was related to a reduced likelihood of avoiding talking on a mobile phone while driving (OR= 0.65, 95% CI = 0.50–0.84) and avoiding driving at night due to self-regulation (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.64–1.00). Present findings suggest in-vehicle technologies may differently influence the self-regulatory behaviors of older drivers.

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