Real-Time Bus-Holding Control Strategy to Reduce Passenger Waiting Time

2017 ◽  
Vol 2647 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamadamin Asgharzadeh ◽  
Yousef Shafahi
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Gradient Descent ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Heuristic Method ◽  
Bus Rapid Transit ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The City

This paper presents research on a real-time bus-holding control strategy that minimizes passenger waiting time. This bus-holding strategy forces buses to hold at stations for a while after a passenger exchange is finished. A mathematical model is proposed to determine the optimal holding time. Both onboard and on-station passenger waiting times have been taken into account. Given the real-time nature of the problem, a heuristic method based on gradient descent algorithms was developed. The proposed control strategy was evaluated by using data derived from a shuttle bus rapid transit (BRT) line in the city of Mashhad, Iran. The BRT line was simulated and calibrated by available empirical and real-time data from the automatic vehicle location and automatic passenger counting systems. The results indicate that the proposed bus-holding strategy reduces total passenger waiting time by 8.65%.

493 Evaluation of Patient Waiting Times for Plain Radiographs Whilst Attending Outpatient Clinics in A Tertiary Orthopaedic Centre

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Hayat ◽  
E Kinene ◽  
S Molloy
Keyword(s):  
Waiting Time ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Outpatient Clinics ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Mean Waiting Time ◽  
Appointment Time ◽  
Related Stress

Abstract Introduction Reduction of waiting times is key to delivering high quality, efficient health care. Delays experienced by patients requiring radiographs in orthopaedic outpatient clinics are well recognised. Method To establish current patient and staff satisfaction, questionnaires were circulated over a two-week period. Waiting time data was retrospectively collected including appointment time, arrival time and the time at which radiographs were taken. Results 84% (n = 16) of radiographers believed patients would be dissatisfied. However, of the 296 patients questioned, 56% (n = 165) were satisfied. Most patients (89%) felt the waiting time should be under 30 minutes. Only 36% were seen in this time frame. There was moderate negative correlation (R=-0.5); higher waiting times led to increased dissatisfaction. Mean waiting time was 00:37 and the maximum 02:48. Key contributing factors included volume of patients, staff shortages (73.7%), equipment shortages (57.9%) and incorrectly filled request forms. Eight (42.1%) had felt unwell from work related stress. Conclusions A concerted effort is needed to improve staff and patient opinion. There is scope for change post COVID. Additional training and exploring ways to avoid overburdening the department would benefit. Numerous patients were open to different days or alternative sites. Funding requirements make updating equipment, expanding the department and recruiting more staff challenging.

Dynamic control strategy based on passenger choice behavior with real-time information

SIMULATION ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
pp. 809-822
Author(s):  
Wensi Wang ◽  
Zhihui Tian ◽  
Yonglei Jiang ◽  
Lan Wu ◽  
Jianqiao Gao
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Real Time Information ◽  
Time Information ◽  
Passenger Choice

Real-time control strategies are important methods for high-frequency transit to counteract the effects of bus bunching in passenger waiting time. This paper extends previous literature with the development of an optimization model for multiple lines in a corridor capable of executing a dynamic control strategy based on passenger choice behavior with real-time information. The bi-level model integrates “passenger perceptions,”“service selection,” and “control strategy” effectively. The upper level model is a control model with the objective of minimizing the total waiting time of passengers in the system composed of common lines to decide whether a bus arriving at the hub should be held and its holding time. The lower level model is an allocation model with the utilization of a Nested Logit model to study passenger choice behavior. In addition, a heuristic algorithm is introduced to solve the problem. The effectiveness of the model is evaluated with the data of two lines in Dalian city of China. The results show that the control strategy proposed in this paper outperforms the simple control strategy without passenger choice behavior, where the waiting time of passengers, the number of buses that need to hold, and bus holding time are all reduced.

Mobile Application for Patients' Waiting Time Control and Management of Diagnostic Imaging Examinations

2020 ◽  
pp. 1522-1536
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Zarakovitis ◽  
Dimitrios Tsoromokos ◽  
Nikolaos Tsaloukidis ◽  
Athina A. Lazakidou
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Digital Maps ◽  
Gis Applications ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Control And Management

Geographic information systems (GIS) are useful informative systems for reducing the waiting time of diagnostic imaging examinations. ArcGIS software is used to develop a digital questionnaire which is used as a data collection tool. The information concerns the patients' personal information, type of examination required and medical history. Data is collected in real time and through GPS capabilities, the patients' exact coordinates are determined. GIS applications are used to create digital maps which display the average waiting time for performing imaging tests. Questionnaire data and interactive maps are uploaded to a digital platform. Through this application, it is possible to locate patients who actually need diagnostic imaging examinations in real time. Observing the location of patients on digital maps makes it easier to redirect them to the nearest health care units with the shortest waiting time. Data can also be acquired by mobile phones.

scholarly journals Evaluation of GPM IMERG Early, Late, and Final rainfall estimates using WegenerNet gauge data in southeastern Austria

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 6559-6572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungmin O ◽  
Ulrich Foelsche ◽  
Gottfried Kirchengast ◽  
Juergen Fuchsberger ◽  
Jackson Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Hourly Rainfall ◽  
Precipitation Estimates ◽  
Climate Station ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Global Precipitation ◽  
Early Late ◽  
Rainfall Estimates

Abstract. The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) products provide quasi-global (60° N–60° S) precipitation estimates, beginning March 2014, from the combined use of passive microwave (PMW) and infrared (IR) satellites comprising the GPM constellation. The IMERG products are available in the form of near-real-time data, i.e., IMERG Early and Late, and in the form of post-real-time research data, i.e., IMERG Final, after monthly rain gauge analysis is received and taken into account. In this study, IMERG version 3 Early, Late, and Final (IMERG-E,IMERG-L, and IMERG-F) half-hourly rainfall estimates are compared with gauge-based gridded rainfall data from the WegenerNet Feldbach region (WEGN) high-density climate station network in southeastern Austria. The comparison is conducted over two IMERG 0.1°  ×  0.1° grid cells, entirely covered by 40 and 39 WEGN stations each, using data from the extended summer season (April–October) for the first two years of the GPM mission. The entire data are divided into two rainfall intensity ranges (low and high) and two seasons (warm and hot), and we evaluate the performance of IMERG, using both statistical and graphical methods. Results show that IMERG-F rainfall estimates are in the best overall agreement with the WEGN data, followed by IMERG-L and IMERG-E estimates, particularly for the hot season. We also illustrate, through rainfall event cases, how insufficient PMW sources and errors in motion vectors can lead to wide discrepancies in the IMERG estimates. Finally, by applying the method of Villarini and Krajewski (2007), we find that IMERG-F half-hourly rainfall estimates can be regarded as a 25 min gauge accumulation, with an offset of +40 min relative to its nominal time.

scholarly journals Real Time Data Capture: A Response to Unsustainable Dumping of Disposable Diapers and Sanitary Pads in Gweru City, Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
Victor Kufa Nyamayedenga ◽  
Maria Tsvere
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Real Time Data ◽  
Sanitary Pads ◽  
Disposable Diapers ◽  
Vague Data ◽  
The City

The sustainable management of used disposable diapers and sanitary pads (Absorbent Hygienic Products) is undoubtedly a topical issue in municipalities across the developing world. This article is based on a bigger study which investigated how the city of Gweru can best manage this waste using a model that adjusts itself in response to real time data. Purposive and cluster sampling were employed to select the wards and the respondents respectively. Data was gathered using both qualitative and quantitative techniques. Particularly, semi-structured questionnaires were augmented by observations and in-depth interviews of key informants. The study found out that the municipality in Gweru was fighting a problem they had not yet measured; hence they were acting on vague data. Results of this study are likely to stimulate further research on how real time data on waste can be gathered. The results are also likely to shape the future of waste management in cities across the developing world. The main contribution of this study to the existing body of literature is its recommendation on the usage of real time data to drive waste management.

scholarly journals Augmented dérive and City visualisation

AusArt ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-226
Author(s):  
Tomás Laurenzo Coronel ◽  
Javier Baliosian de Lazzari
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Data Visualisation ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Real Time Data ◽  
Modes Of Interaction ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Data

In this paper we present an on-going research project that aims at constructing new modes of interaction with the city using poetic real-time data visualisations. The project uses a mapping device that measures and stores the intensity and direction of the signals coming from Wi-Fi routers and cellular antennae, together with two augmented reality prototypes that modify what their users see or hear. The prototypes created allow us to re-visit the city, intervening on our perception of it as well as allowing us to explore the geographical and perceptual disruption that arises when using one city’s data onto another. The project, building on theoretical works by the Situationists, proposes an alternative to traditional cartographic representation, on the understanding that effective urban data-visualisation needs to incorporate the experience of living in a city, and not purely resort to abstract representation.Keywords: AUGMENTED REALITY; NETWORK; DRIFT; HEADS-UP DISPLAY; POETICS OF SPACEAugmented dérive and City visualisationResumenEn este artículo presentamos un proyecto de investigación en marcha que pretende construir nuevos modos de interacción con la ciudad, a través de una visualización poética de datos en tiempo real. El proyecto utiliza un dispositivo de adquisición que mide y guarda la intensidad y dirección de las señales provenientes de enrutadores Wi-Fi y de antenas celulares, junto con dos prototipos de realidad aumentada que modifican lo que los usuarios ven o escuchan. Los prototipos permiten revisitar la ciudad interviniendo en nuestra percepción de ella, así como también explorar los efectos de mapear los datos de recabados en una ciudad sobre la percepción de otra.El proyecto, a partir de trabajos teóricos de los Situacionistas, propone una alternativa a la representación cartográfica tradicional, entendiendo que una visualización de datos urbanos efectiva requiere incorporar la experiencia de vivir en una ciudad, en lugar de basarse solamente en representaciones abstractas.Palabras-clave: REALIDAD AUMENTADA; RED; DERIVA; CASCO DE VISUALIZACIÓN; POÉTICA DEL ESPACIO

scholarly journals MONITORING MOVEMENT IN THE SMART CITY: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF MEASURING URBAN BUSTLE

2020 ◽  
Vol VI-4/W2-2020 ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
N. Walravens ◽  
B. Van de Vyvere ◽  
M. Van Compernolle ◽  
E. Vlassenroot ◽  
P. Colpaert
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
Mobile Operator ◽  
The World ◽  
Real Time Tracking ◽  
Lock In ◽  
The City

Abstract. One of the promises of the smart city concept is using real-time data to enhance policy making. In practice, such promises can turn out to be either very limited in what is actually possible or quickly trigger dystopian scenarios of tracking and monitoring. Today, many cities around the world already measure forms of urban bustle, i.e. how busy it is during specific periods of time. They do this for all kinds of purposes like optimising mobility flows, attracting tourism, monitoring safety during events or stimulating the local economy, and they employ divergent technologies: from analogue counting, over surveys, to more advanced near real-time tracking using mobile operator data. This fragmentation of approaches to measuring urban bustle creates some challenges for cities related to privacy, vendor lock-in, comparability of data, data quality and accuracy, historical and predictive analysis of data and so on. To tackle these challenges and formulate a standardised approach to measuring urban bustle, the thirteen largest cities in Flanders (Belgium), together with local technology vendors, co-created a “definition manual”; a document outlining indicators and relevant technologies for measuring urban bustle, as well as shared profile descriptions of residents and visitors of the city. This paper outlines the process and presents the results, an agreed-upon framework of standard profiles and indicators, which are useful to academics, public servants and technology companies involved in this topic.

scholarly journals Integral patient scheduling in outpatient clinics under demand uncertainty to minimize patient waiting times

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 435-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti R Munavalli ◽  
Shyam Vasudeva Rao ◽  
Aravind Srinivasan ◽  
GG van Merode
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Demand Uncertainty ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
Outpatient Clinics ◽  
Patient Scheduling ◽  
Patient Waiting Time ◽  
Patient Waiting

This study addressed the problem of scheduling walk-in patients in real time. Outpatient clinics encounter uncertainty in patient demand. In addition, the disparate departments are locally (department-centric) organized, leading to prolonged waiting times for patients. The proposed integral patient scheduling model incorporates the status and information of all departments in the outpatient clinic along with all possible pathways to direct patients, on their arrival, to the optimal path. The developed hybrid ant agent algorithm identifies the optimal path to reduce the patient waiting time and cycle time (time from registration to exit). An outpatient clinic in Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, has a huge volume of walk-in patients and was selected for this study. The simulation study was performed for diverse scenarios followed by implementation study. The results indicate that integral patient scheduling reduced waiting time significantly. The path optimization in real time makes scheduling effective and efficient as it captures the changes in the outpatient clinic instantly.

scholarly journals An audit of waiting times at a specialist psychotherapy service

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 182-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ged Garry ◽  
Graham Paley
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Audit Process ◽  
Average Waiting Time ◽  
Mean Waiting Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Using Data

Aims and MethodReferrals to a specialist psychotherapy service were audited to measure the average waiting time for a first appointment and the proportion of patients waiting longer than 13 weeks. Recommendations for improving service delivery were made, an action plan implemented and the audit repeated.ResultsIn 2003, an initial audit of 355 referrals was completed using data from 2002. This found a mean waiting time to first appointment of 11.5 weeks with 30% of patients waiting longer than 13 weeks. In 2004, following implementation of the action plan, a re-audit of 200 patients found that the mean waiting time from receipt of referral to first appointment had reduced to 6.7 weeks with only 2.3% waiting more than 13 weeks.Clinical ImplicationsAudit can improve the efficiency of service delivery in a specialist psychotherapy service. However, this may require that psychotherapists review traditional ways of working. Also, it is important that they feel personally involved in the audit process.

Strategic Priorities in the Digital Era

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-63
Author(s):  
Henri Schildt
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
New Products ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Real Time Data ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Over Time

This chapter examines how digitalization influences companies’ pursuit of competitive advantage. The chapter makes the case that the creation and use of data has led companies across diverse industries to embrace three broad strategic priorities, using data for: (1) constant optimizing, (2) experimenting to diversify to new products and services, and (3) building interactive digital relationships with customers, suppliers, and partners. While these priorities are not unique to data-savvy corporations, they benefit directly from real-time data and smart automation. As digitalization often erodes firms’ ability to exploit unique resources or capabilities for sustained profits over time, they pursue greater agility and innovativeness. To accomplish this, companies invest in digital infrastructures that enable them to identify and react to environmental changes more rapidly.

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