scholarly journals MICRORGANISMOS E SEUS PRODUTOS DE FERMENTAÇÃO INTERFEREM NA QUALIDADE DE SEMENTES E PLÂNTULAS DE MILHO?

Nativa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-497
Author(s):  
Álisson Queiroz Moura ◽  
Erikson Kadoshe de Morais Raimundo ◽  
Barbara Chrys Gomes Balduino ◽  
Ailsa Cristiane Arcanjo Soares ◽  
Victor Augusto Forti
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Penicillium Spp

A microbiota do solo e suas funções ecológicas são responsáveis por relações diretas e indiretas com a planta. Objetivou-se avaliar a sanidade e germinação em sementes de milho, bem como a emergência e desenvolvimento de plântulas submetidas a microrganismos capturados de dois ambientes. Sementes de milho foram inoculadas ou irrigadas com microrganismos e seus produtos de fermentação, provenientes de duas áreas (mata ou cultivo de cana-de-açúcar) sob diferentes concentrações e avaliadas quanto a porcentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, sanidade em teste em BOD, além da emergência, altura de plântula, massa de matéria seca da parte aérea e raiz e volume de raiz em ensaios em bandejas com solo. Não houve comprometimento na germinação, independentemente do tratamento utilizado. Houve a mitigação de Aspergillus spp. e Penicillium spp., porém, a potencialização de Fusarium spp em condições de laboratório sob aplicação de 50 e 100% de microrganismos capturados da área de mata e cana. De forma geral, houve efeito negativo da aplicação do tratamento sobre os parâmetros fisiológicos, provocados provavelmente por desequilíbrio na ecologia microbiana associado a sementes e plântulas.Palavras-chave: Fusarium spp.; microrganismos eficientes; ecossistemas. DO MICROORGANISMS AND THEIR FERMENTATION PRODUCTS INTERFER ON SEED AND SEEDLINGS CORN QUALITY? ABSTRACT: Soil microbiota and its ecological functions are responsible for direct and indirect relations with the plant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the corn seeds health and germination and seedling emergence and development submitted to microorganisms captured from two environments. Corn seeds were inoculated or irrigated with microorganisms and their fermentation products, coming from two areas (forest or sugarcane cultivation) under different concentrations and evaluated for the germination percentage, germination speed index, health in test in BOD, seedling emergence, seedling height, shoot and root dry matter mass, and root volume in soil tray tests. There was no effect on germination, regardless of the treatment used. There was mitigation of Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp., but the increase of Fusarium spp occurrence in laboratory conditions under concentration of 50 and 100% of microorganisms captured from the forest and sugarcane areas. In general, there was a negative effect of all treatments on physiological parameters, probably caused by an imbalance in the microbial ecology associated with seeds and seedlings.Keywords: Fusarium spp.; efficient microorganisms; ecosystems.

Production of tomato seedlings using seeds pelleted with Natrum muriaticum and submitted to saline stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-10
Author(s):  
Aline Mako Yoshikawa ◽  
Filipe Pereira Giardini Bonfim ◽  
Vicente Wagner Dias Casali
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Homeopathic Preparation ◽  
Expensive Process

The development and yield of plants is directly related to the effects of salinity. There are several reports in scientific studies of significant reduction in the growth and production of tomato in soils with high electrical conductivity. The correction or recovery of salinized soils, although technically possible, is a slow and very expensive process, making it necessary to develop new technologies. The objective of this study is to evaluate the production of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) seedlings using seeds pelleted with a homeopathic preparation of Natrum muriaticum (Nat-m) submitted to saline stress. The treatments consisted of the pelletization of tomato seeds with six dynamizations of Nat-m (3cH, 5cH, 7cH, 9cH, 11cH and 13cH). Coated or uncoated seeds (controls) were placed in phenolic foam blocks, kept in plastic trays previously moistened with 50 mM NaCl saline solution (2.922 g.L-1 of NaCl, electrical conductivity = 4.5 dSm-1) and nutrient solution (0.15 dS.m-1) at half the ionic strength, containing 4, 1, 2, 1, 0.5 and 0.5 mmol.L-1 of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S, and 17.5, 9.5, 10.5, 2, 0.45 and 0.35 mmol.L-1 of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Mo, respectively. The variables evaluated were germination percentage, germination speed index, shoot length, leaf area, number of leaves, root volume, root dry matter, and shoot dry matter. The treatments pelleted seeds/talc Nat-m 5cH and pelleted seeds/talc Nat-m 7cH increased all variables evaluated. They differed statistically from the controls, with a positive response for the development of tomato seedlings under disequilibrium conditions.

scholarly journals HYGIENIC SANITARY ESTIMATION OF MAIZE SILAGE IN DAIRY FARMS IN LITHUANIA

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurgita JOVAIŠIENĖ ◽  
Bronius BAKUTIS ◽  
Violeta BALIUKONIENĖ ◽  
Audrius KAČERGIUS ◽  
Algimantas PAŠKEVIČIUS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Penicillium Spp

The aim of this study was to estimate maize silage hygienic sanitary parameters, contamination with mycotoxins in dairy farms in Lithuania. In 2011–2012 maize silage samples were collected from 20 dairy farms: prior to ensiling and 3 and 8 months after ensiling. In maize samples, prior to ensiling, L. monocytogenes was detected 25.0 % and after 3 months of ensiling – 10 %. Average of yeast and filamentous fungi in raw material samples were respectively – 71.39 ± 32.17 and 47.67 ± 18.31 CFU/g, after 3 months – 50.06 ± 16.09 CFU/g and 28.27 ± 13.18, after 8 months – 213.81 ± 55.98 and 215.08 ± 56.16 CFU/g. In raw maize dominated Fusarium spp. and in silage – Aspergillus, Penicillium spp. Average of lactic acid bacteria – 189.01 ± 57.79 (3 months after ensilage) and 436.11 ± 93.97 CFU/g (8 months after ensilage). Compared prior to ensilage and 3 and 8 months after ensilage maize samples, higher mycotoxins concentrations of DON – 36.96 % (P < 0.05) and ZEA – 77.32 % (P < 0.05) were detected in 3 month after ensilage, T-2 toxin – 72.69 % (P < 0.05), AFL – 94.31 % (P < 0.05) were detected in 8 month after ensilage. Concentration of OTA was higher 34.99 % (P > 0.05) in samples after 3 months of ensiling. Dry matter and pH respectively: prior to ensiling – 36.96 % and 5.26, 3 months after ensiling – 33.17 % and 3.84, 8 months after ensiling – 40.52 % and 3.91. The current results indicate the presence of yeast, viable fungi spores and mycotoxins AFL (total), ZEA, DON, T-2 and OTA contamination in maize silage in Lithuania.

scholarly journals Effect of hydropriming method on maize (Zea mays) seedling emergence

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
KU Ahammad ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MR Ali
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Maize Seedling ◽  
Germination Index ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Saturated Sand ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Surface Drying

The research work was carried out at the Seed Laboratory of Agronomy Department of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from February to April in 2008 to find out the effect of hydropriming methods on maize seedling emergence. The hydropriming methods were- T1 (Non-priming), T2 (14 hours soaking + drying + storing), T3 (18 hours soaking + drying + storing), T4 (22 hours soaking + drying + storing), T5 (14 hours soaking + surface drying), T6 (18 hours soaking + surface drying), and T7 (22 hours soaking + surface drying). Effect of different hydropriming methods on seedling emergence performance of maize was evaluated at two moisture levels viz., 30% and 60% moisture of saturated sand in the experiment. Germination percentage, germination index and mean germination time were influenced significantly by hydropriming methods. The highest germination percentage, germination index, and lowest mean germination time were recorded with T6 (18 hours soaking + surface drying). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i1.20164 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(1): 143-150, March 2014

scholarly journals Effect of osmopriming on the emergence of Maize (Zea mays L.) seedling

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
KU Ahammad ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
M Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Saturated Sand ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Mean Germination Time

The research work was carried out at the Seed Laboratory of Agronomy Department of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during the period from March to November in 2008 to find out the effect of different osmopriming techniques on seedling emergence of maize. Seventeen osmopriming techniques viz., T1 = 1% Na2SO4, T2 = 3% Na2SO4, T3 = 5% Na2SO4, T4 = 1% K2HPO4, T5 = 3% K2HPO4, T6 = 5% K2HPO4, T7 = 1% ZnSO4, T8 = 3% ZnSO4, T9 = 5% ZnSO4, T10 = 1% Ca(H2PO4)2, T11 = 3% Ca(H2PO4)2, T12 = 5% Ca(H2PO4)2, T13 = 1% H2O2, T14 = 3% H2O2, T15 = 5% H2O2, T16 = Hydropriming, T17 = Non-priming (control) were used as experimental variables. Different osmopriming methods on seedling emergence performance of maize was evaluated at two moisture levels viz., 30 and 60% moisture of saturated sand in the experiment. Germination percentage, germination index and mean germination time were influenced significantly by osmopriming methods. Seed priming with 3% ZnSO4 showed the highest seedling emergence which was followed by 1% H2O2 and 3% Ca (H2PO4)2. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i3.21986 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(3): 427-435, September 2014

scholarly journals Effect of seed priming on maize (Zea mays L.) seedling emergence under different sowing dates

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
KU Ahammad ◽  
M Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Germination Index ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Mean Germination Time

The experiment was carried out at the research field of Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jessore during 2009-10 and 2010-2011 to find out the effect of priming and ambient temperatures due to different sowing dates on emergence of maize seedlings. The experiment consisted of two priming methods viz., i) Priming, ii) Non-priming, and ten sowing dates viz., i) 15 November, ii) 30 November, iii) 15 December iv) 30 December v) 14 January vi) 29 January vii) 13 February viii) 28 February, ix) 15 March, and x) 30 March. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that germination percentage, germination index, mean germination time and dry matter/plant were influenced significantly by priming. The highest germination percentage, germination index, dry matter/plant and lowest mean germination time were recorded from primed seed sown in March followed by February and November sowings but those were very poor in December and January sowings. So, primed seeds should be sown in November and February for better stand establishment of maize. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i4.22549 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(4): 693-707, December 2014

scholarly journals Effect of Drying Method on Quality of Soybean Seed

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
MR Ali ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MS Rahman ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
M Asaduzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Germination Index ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Seedling Vigour

The experiment was conducted at the Seed Laboratory, Regional Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Jamalpur in 2010 with a view to study the effect of drying method on soybean seed germination and seedling vigour. Eight drying condition viz., i) Cemented floor ii) Tripale upon cemented floor iii) Bamboo chatai upon cemented floor, iv) Cloth upon cemented floor, v) Earthen floor, vi) Tripale upon earthen floor, vii) Bamboo chatai upon earthen floor and viii) Cloth upon earthen floor were included in the experimental treatment variables with three replications using a completely randomized design. Seed moisture content (%), germination (%), germination index, and seedling dry weight (g) were recorded at 50, 100, 150 and 200 days after storage (DAS). The highest germination percentage, germination index and seedling dry matter was obtained from tripale over cemented floor followed by bamboo chatai over cemented floor, tripale over earthen floor and bamboo chatai over earthen floor. The lowest germination percentage, germination index and seedling dry matter was obtained from cemented floor.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2015, 18(1): 53-57

Pathogenicity of fungi associated with seedling disease of cotton

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 923 ◽  
Author(s):  
HJ Ogle ◽  
AM Stirling ◽  
PJ Dart
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Survival ◽  
New South ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Seedling Disease ◽  
Soil P ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Fungi associated with cotton seedling disease were isolated directly from a vertisol at Narrabri, New South Wales, in which cotton had failed to establish, and from cotton seedlings grown in the same soil and seedlings grown in 7 Queensland cotton-growing soils (also Vertisols). Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium vexans, I unidentified pythiaceous fungi, and a number of miscellaneous unidentified fungi were isolated from soil or soilborne plant debris. Pythium ultimum, R. solani, Fusarium spp., and unidentified pythiaceous fungi were isolated from lesions on seedling hypocotyls. The pathogenicity of the fungi was investigated using cotton seedlings grown in steamed potting mix; 93% of seedlings survived in the absence of fungal inoculum. Of the fungi isolated from the Narrabri soil, P. ultimum and R. solani were most pathogenic, reducing seedling survival at 14 days after inoculation to 33%. Isolates of P. vexans and Fusarium spp. reduced seedling survival to 64% and 73-87%, respectively. Isolates of R. solani or P. ultirnum from the Queensland soils completely prevented seedling emergence in most cases, while isolates of Fusarium spp. were not pathogenic. Isolates of both R. solani and P. ultimum varied significantly in pathogenicity.

AISLAMIENTO DE HONGOS ASOCIADOS AL GRANO DE CAFÉ PROVENIENTES DE ZONAS PRODUCTORAS EN NORTE DE SANTANDER - COLOMBIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Angela P. Cajiao
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Penicillium Spp

El comercio del café es uno de los renglones económicos más importantes a nivel mundial, sin embargo, también es susceptible a contaminaciones desde su cosecha hasta su transformación. Para la realización de este estudio se recolectaron muestras de café cereza procedentes de diferentes municipios productores de Norte de Santander y posteriormente en el laboratorio se aislaron y caracterizaron fenotípicamente los siguientes agentes fúngicos del grano de café: Aspergillus  spp., Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., Cladosporium  spp., Mucor spp. y  Rhizopus spp. con ayuda de claves taxonómicas. Los hongos que presentaron una alta incidencia fueron Aspergillus spp. y Fusarium spp. Entre las tres variables fisicoquímicas analizadas en el café cereza (pH, actividad de agua, % de humedad) se puede afirmar con certeza que la actividad de agua y el porcentaje de humedad influyen directamente en el número y tipo de aislamientos fúngicos obtenidos. 

scholarly journals Effect of Environmental Factors on the Germination and Emergence of Drunken Horse Grass (Achnatherum inebrians)

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Yonghuan Yue ◽  
Guili Jin ◽  
Weihua Lu ◽  
Ke Gong ◽  
Wanqiang Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Western China ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Achnatherum Inebrians ◽  
Water Ph

Abstract Drunken horse grass [Achnatherum inebrians (Hance) Keng] is a perennial poisonous weed in western China. A comprehensive understanding of the ecological response of A. inebrians germination to environmental factors would facilitate the formulation of better management strategies for this weed. Experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions to assess the effects of various abiotic factors, including temperature, light, water, pH and burial depth, on the seed germination and seedling emergence of A. inebrians. The seeds germinated at constant temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30, 35°C and in alternating-temperature regimes of 15/5, 20/10, 25/15, 30/20, 35/25, 40/30°C, and the seed germination percentages under constant and alternating temperatures ranged from 51% to 94% and 15% to 93%, respectively. Maximum germination occurred at a constant temperature of 25°C, and germination was prevented at 45/35°C. Light did not appear to affect seed germination. The germination percentage of seeds was more than 75% in the pH range of 5 to 10, with the highest germination percentage at pH 6. The seeds germinated at osmotic potentials of 0 MPa to -1.0 MPa, but decreasing osmotic potential inhibited germination, with no germination at -1.2MPa. After 21 d of low osmotic stress, the seeds that did not germinate after rehydration had not lost their vitality. The seedling emergence percentage was highest (90%) when seeds were buried at 1 cm but declined with increasing burial depth and no emergence at 9 cm. Deep tillage may be effective in limiting the seed germination and emergence of this species. The results of this study provide useful information on the conditions necessary for A. inebrians germination and provide a theoretical basis for science-based prediction, prevention and control of this species.

scholarly journals PHOSPHORUS NUTRITION OF SOYBEANS AS AFFECTED BY PLACEMENT OF FERTILIZER PHOSPHORUS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. BULLEN ◽  
R. J. SOPER ◽  
L. D. BAILEY
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Chamber Experiment ◽  
Glycine Max L

Growth chamber and field experiments were conducted on Southern Manitoba soils, low in available soil phosphorus, to investigate the effects of various placement methods and levels of phosphorus fertilizer on soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill ’Maple Presto’). It was found that soybean responded well to applied phosphorus on low-P soil in growth chamber studies. In the first growth chamber experiment, P was applied in solution to 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5% and 1% of the total soil volume. Dry matter yields, total phosphorus uptake and utilization of fertilizer P increased at each level of applied P as the size of the phosphated band was decreased. The results were partly attributed to greater chemical availability of P in the smaller zones of P fertilizer reaction. In a second growth chamber experiment, soybeans responded differently to phosphorus banded in six different locations. Placement of the fertilizer 2.5 cm directly below the seed was more effective in increasing dry matter yield, total phosphorus uptake and fertilizer P utilization than placement 2.5 cm and 5 cm away at the same depth or placement 5 cm below the seed, whether the band was directly below, 2.5 cm away or 5 cm away. Soybean yield responses in the field were greatest with P banded 2.5 cm directly below the seed on low-P soils. Placement of P 2.5 cm below the seed resulted in grain yields that were 64% and 50% higher (at the two sites) than those obtained in control plots. Sidebanding P, 2.5 cm below and 2.5 cm away from the seed at the same level of application, improved grain yields of control plots by 40% and 39%. Seed placement and broadcast applications of P were not as effective in increasing grain yields. Broadcasting P in fall or in spring at rates of up to 52.38 kg P/ha did not result in significantly higher grain yields than those obtained in control plots. Placement of P in contact with the seed appeared to reduce seedling emergence, resulting in depressed yields when 52.38 kg P/ha were applied. Key words: Glycine max L. Merrill, ’Maple Presto’

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