scholarly journals Genetic relatedness among Asian Cotoneaster species investigated with DNA marker analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Nybom ◽  
I. V. Bartish ◽  
J. Fryer
Keyword(s):  
Dna Marker ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Critical Groups ◽  
Species Definition ◽  
Flora Of China ◽  
Centre Of Diversity ◽  
Principle Coordinate Analysis ◽  
Surrounding Areas

The widespread genus Cotoneaster has its centre of diversity in the Himalayas and surrounding areas. Most taxa appear to be polyploid and apomictic, and many of them have become popular ornamentals due to their attractive foliage and berries. One of the taxonomically most critical groups is Section Alpigeni which contains several important ornamental plants. The number of species belonging to this section varies widely between different taxonomic treatises, depending on whether 'splitting' or 'lumping' of species is preferred. Using a rather narrow species definition, we have investigated 13 different species using RAPD analysis. A simple matching (SM) coefficient-based principle coordinate analysis (PCO) was calculated from the RAPD data. Some species were clearly more similar to each other than to other species in the analysis. The levels of similarity did, however, not correspond very well to the lumping together of several taxa under the same species name as performed e.g. in the recent Flora of China. Obviously, the complex hybridogenous origination and, in some cases, still ongoing recombination with sexual species or among the apomictic taxa themselves, produces a genetic variability structure that cannot be properly reflected in a hierarchical taxonomy.

SPECIES, HOST RANGE, AND IDENTIFICATION KEY OF WHITEFLIES OF BOGOR AND SURROUNDING AREA

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Purnama Hidayat ◽  
Denny Bintoro ◽  
Lia Nurulalia ◽  
Muhammad Basri
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Aleurodicus Dispersus ◽  
Agricultural Plants ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Forest Plants

Species identification, host range, and identification key of whiteflies of Bogor and surrounding area. Whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a group of insects that are small, white, soft-bodied, and easily found on various agricultural crops. Whitefly is a phytophagous insect; some species are important pests in agricultural crops that can cause direct damage and can become vectors of viral diseases. The last few years the damage caused by whitefly in Indonesia has increased. Unfortunately, information about their species and host plants in Indonesia, including in Bogor, is still limited. Kalshoven, in his book entitled Pest of Crops in Indonesia, published in the 1980s reported that there were 9 species of whitefly in Indonesia. The information on the book should be reconfirmed. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine whitefly species and its host plants in Bogor and its surroundings. Whiteflies is identified based on the ‘puparia’ (the last instar of the nymph) collected from various agricultural plants, ornamental plants, weeds, and forest plants. A total of 35 species of whiteflies were collected from 74 species and 29 families of plants. The collwcted whiteflies consist of four species belong to Subfamily Aleurodicinae and 31 species of Subfamily Aleyrodinae. The most often found whitefly species were Aleurodicus dispersus, A. dugesii, and Bemisia tabaci. A dichotomous identification key of whiteflies was completed based on morphological character of 35 collected species. The number of whitefly species in Bogor and surrounding areas were far exceeded the number of species reported previously by Kalshoven from all regions in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Strain Typing of Trichosporon asahii Clinical Isolates by Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thayanidhi Premamalini ◽  
Vijayaraman Rajyoganandh ◽  
Ramaraj Vijayakumar ◽  
Hemanth Veena ◽  
Anupma Jyoti Kindo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Strain Typing ◽  
Trichosporon Asahii ◽  
Pcr Fingerprinting ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Rapd Primer ◽  
Random Amplification

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to identify and isolate Trichosporon asahii (T. asahii) from clinical samples and to assess the genetic relatedness of the most frequently isolated strains of T. asahii using random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers GAC-1 and M13. Methods All the clinical samples that grew Trichosporon species, identified and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using Trichosporon genus-specific primers, were considered for the study. Confirmation of the species T. asahii was carried out by T. asahii-specific PCR. Fingerprinting of the most frequently isolated T. asahii isolates was carried out by RAPD using random primers GAC-1 and M13. Results Among the 72 clinical isolates of Trichosporon sp. confirmed by Trichosporon-specific PCR, 65 were found to be T. asahii as identified by T. asahii-specific PCR. Fingerprinting of the 65 isolates confirmed as T. asahii using GAC-1 RAPD primer yielded 11 different patterns, whereas that of M13 primer produced only 5 patterns. The pattern I was found to be the most predominant type (29.2%) followed by pattern III (16.9%) by GAC-1 primer. Conclusions This study being the first of its kind in India on strain typing of T. asahii isolates by adopting RAPD analysis throws light on genetic diversity among the T. asahii isolates from clinical samples. Fingerprinting by RAPD primer GAC-1 identified more heterogeneity among the T. asahii isolates than M13.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization and Relatedness among California Almond Cultivars and Breeding Lines Detected by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Analysis

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bartolozzi ◽  
M.L. Warburton ◽  
S. Arulsekar ◽  
T.M. Gradziel
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Bud Sport ◽  
Wild Almond ◽  
Variable Group

Almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb, syn. P. amygdalus, Batsch; P. communis (I.) Archangeli] represents a morphologically and physiologically variable group of populations that evolved primarily in central and southwest Asia. California cultivars have been developed from highly selected subgroups of these populations, while new breeding lines have incorporated germplasm from wild almond and closely related peach species. The genetic relatedness among 17 almond genotypes and 1 peach genotype was estimated using 37 RAPD markers. Genetic diversity within almond was found to be limited despite its need for obligate outcrossing. Three groupings of cultivar origins could be distinguished by RAPD analysis: bud-sport mutations, progeny from interbreeding of early California genotypes, and progeny from crosses to genotypes outside the California germplasm. A similarity index based on the proportion of shared fragments showed relatively high levels of 0.75 or greater within the almond germplasm. The level of similarity between almond and the peach was 0.424 supporting the value of peach germplasm to future almond genetic improvement.

scholarly journals Diversity of Pathogenic Candida Species Colonizing Women with and without Candida Vaginitis in Dar es Salaam Region, Tanzania

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Andrew Namkinga
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Single Host ◽  
Principle Coordinate Analysis ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals ◽  
Multiple Species

The aim of this study was to establish phenotypic and genetic diversities of Candida species isolated from women with recurrent Candida vaginitis. A total of 3000 samples were cultured from 3000 women with and without complaints of vaginal discharges and pruritis vulvae. Growth characteristics on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar and on conidia enhancing media (Corn meal agar) resulted in isolation of 5440 distinct colonies of Candida species. They were then analyzed by germ tube test to separate C. albicans from non-albicans Candida species. For confirmation, 300 doubtful isolates were then tested on API 20C AUX and by polymerase chain reaction.The results showed Candida albicans species to be dominant 3661 (67.29%) while non-albicans Candida species presented only 1779 (32.71%) which included C. glabrata 435(8.0%), C. tropicalis 762(14.0%), C. krusei 163(3.0%), C. famata 109(2.0%), C. parapsilosis 131(2.41%), C. guilliermondii and C. lusitaniae each 27(0.5%) respectively, C. incospicua 13 (0.24%), C. norvegensis 82(1.5%), C. colliculosa 16 (0.3%) and C. magnoliae 15 (0.27%). On genotypic diversity, the principle coordinate analysis of the PCR results for the genetic relatedness and genetic distances revealed the distribution of 200 isolates tested as: C. albicans 90(36%), C. glabrata 40(20%),  C. krusei 20 (10%),  C. tropicalis 20 (10%),  C. famata 10(5%),  C. parapsilosis 5(2.5%), C. norvegensis 6(3%), C. lusitaniae 4(2%), and C. guilliermondii 5(2.5%).  From this study it shows that a combination of biochemical methods and PCR technology may identify most of the isolates, including the germ tube negative isolates. Both symptomatic and asymptomatic women possessed similar species and genotypic diversities. However, in symptomatic women, a single host can be colonized with multiple species or multiple genotypes of the same species.  In order to establish if the same species behave differently in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, this study recommend further investigation on virulent factors.

Outbreak of Multidrug-ResistantPseudomonas aeruginosaColonization and Infection Secondary to Imperfect Intensive Care Unit Room Design

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susy Hota ◽  
Zahir Hirji ◽  
Karen Stockton ◽  
Camille Lemieux ◽  
Helen Dedier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Fluorescent Marker ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Room Design ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Background.Pseudomonas aeruginosahas been increasingly recognized for its ability to cause significant hospital-associated outbreaks, particularly since the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. Biofilm formation allows the pathogen to persist in environmental reservoirs. Thus, multiple hospital room design elements, including sink placement and design, can impact nosocomial transmission ofP. aeruginosaand other pathogens.Methods.From December 2004 through March 2006, 36 patients exposed to the intensive care unit or transplant units of a tertiary care hospital were infected with a multidrug-resistant strain ofP. aeruginosa. All phenotypically similar isolates were examined for genetic relatedness by means of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Clinical characteristics of the affected patients were collected, and a detailed epidemiological and environmental investigation of potential sources was carried out.Results.Seventeen of the infected patients died within 3 months; for 12 (71%) of these patients, infection with the outbreak organism contributed to or directly caused death. The source of the outbreak was traced to hand hygiene sink drains, where biofilms containing viable organisms were found. Testing by use of a commercial fluorescent marker demonstrated that when the sink was used for handwashing, drain contents splashed at least 1 meter from the sink. Various attempts were made to disinfect the drains, but it was only when the sinks were renovated to prevent splashing onto surrounding areas that the outbreak was terminated.Conclusion.This report highlights the importance of biofilms and of sink and patient room design in the propagation of an outbreak and suggests some strategies to reduce the risks associated with hospital sinks.

scholarly journals DNA Marker-based Study of Genetic Relatedness in United States Sweetpotato Cultivars

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 1059-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.S. Prakash ◽  
Guohao He ◽  
Robert L. Jarret
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dna Marker ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF) approach was used to investigate genetic relationships among 30 U.S. sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam.) genotypes including heirloom cultivars and recent releases. Phenogram, pairwise similarity matrix, and principal coordinate plots were developed based on Jaccard's coefficients using band-sharing data generated by seven octamer primers. All cultivars showed unique fingerprint patterns indicating the utility of DAF in cultivar identification. Many heirloom cultivars such as `Creole' and `Porto Rico' were readily differentiated from recently developed cultivars. Modern cultivars such as `Jewel', `Carver', `Nugget', and `Scarlet' exhibited a high degree of similarity reflecting ancestral relatedness. `Regal' and `Excel', recently developed using a population-based breeding approach, showed greater divergence from all other cultivars. Those cultivars, developed as a result of somatic mutations, exhibited high levels of genetic similarity to their normal-type parents and yet had distinct fingerprint profiles. With few exceptions, genetic relationships derived from DAF data appear to be consistent with available pedigree information.

GENETIC RELATEDNESS AMONG OLEA EUROPAEA L. CULTIVARS ESTIMATED BY RAPD ANALYSIS

2012 ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gomes ◽  
P. Martins-Lopes ◽  
J. Lopes ◽  
H. Guedes-Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Olea Europaea L ◽  
Olea Europaéa

scholarly journals Genetic relatedness of Brazilian Colletotrichum truncatum isolates assessed by vegetative compatibility groups and RAPD analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIANE R SANT’ANNA ◽  
CLÁUDIA T MIYAMOTO ◽  
LÚCIA J ROSADA ◽  
CLAUDINÉIA C S FRANCO ◽  
EDILSON N KANESHIMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility ◽  
Colletotrichum Truncatum ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups

scholarly journals RAPD analysis of genetic relatedness among selected quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) accessions from different parts of Turkey

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 134-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bayazit ◽  
B. Imrak ◽  
A. Küden ◽  
M. Kemal Güngör
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Cydonia Oblonga ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Different Parts

Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) is a minor fruit crop, which is primarily used for marmalade, jam, sauce and as rootstocks for pears. Different cultivated and local quince genotypes are grown in almost all parts of Turkey for fruit usage. In this study, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technology was used to study the genetic relationships among 13 quince accessions selected from different parts of Turkey. Thirty decamer primers were used and 14 of them did not produce any polymorphism. The remaining 16 primers ranged in their amplification fragments between one (P-402, P-437, OPA 10, OPA 16, OPA 18 and OPA-19) and five (OPA-06 and OPA-07). The size of fragments varied from 100 to 1500 bp. Similarity values among the studied genotypes ranged between 0.483 and 0.925. The resulting dendrogram clustered into two groups (0.69 similarity value) based on evaluation of genetic similarities and differences. The results suggest that RAPD analysis could be used to distinguish and determine genetic variation among quince accessions. Also, the obtained clustering based on RAPD markers agreed to some extent with the geographical origin of the studied set of quince accessions.

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