Epidemics between Qadr and Ḥadhar: Insights from al-Nawawī (Epidemik Di antara Qadar dan Hadhar: Sorotan dari Al- Nawawi)
Being a great jurist and influential scholar with seminal works on hadith, theology, biography and jurisprudence, al-Nawawī’s (d. 1277) views on epidemics are of great significance in these days of the pandemic. This article explores his views and explanations vis-à-vis epidemic to find his perspectives on balance between qadr (predestination) and ḥadhar (precaution) by conducting a content analysis of his various texts. In this article, the authors mainly referred to his texts Sharaḥ Muslim, Riyaḍ al-Ṣāliḥīn, al-Majmūʿ Sharaḥ Muhadhdhab, Rawḍat al-Ṭālibīn and al- Adhkār al-Muntakhab. This study substantiates that in the view of al-Nawawī, Islam postulates a balanced position between taking precaution and faith in Allah’s decrees in dealing with the situations of an epidemic. Thus, it holistically complements the concepts of qadr and hadhar to guide people towards leading a faithful and safe life in the trying times of epidemic. Keywords: Qadr, Ḥadhar, Precaution, Predestination, Al-Nawawī, Hadith, Epidemic. Abstrak Sebagai seorang juri dan seorang sarjana yang terkenal dan berpengaruh dalam ilmu hadis, agama, biografi dan falsafah perundangan, pandagan Imam Nawawi [d1277] pada epidemik pada masa kini mempunyai kesan signifikan dalam waktu pandemik sekarang. Artikel ini meninjau pandangan dan penghuraian perspektif epidemik dan keseimbangan di antara qadar [takdir] dan hadhar [pencegahan] dengan mengkaji analisa kandungan pelbagai hasil penulisan. Dalam artikel ini penulis merujuk kepada penulisan Sharaḥ Muslim, Riyaḍ al-Ṣāaliḥīn, al-Majmūʿ Sharaḥ Muhadhdhab, Rawḍat al-Ṭālibīn dan al- Adhkār al-Muntakhab. Kajian ini juga membuktikan pendapat Imam Nawawi bahawa Islam mencakna keseimbangan kedudukan di antara mengambil langkah berjaga-jaga yakni pencegahan dan keyakinan kepada kekuasaan dan penentuan Allah swt dalam mengurus situasi epidemik dalam konsep Qada dan Hadhar. Kata Kunci: Qadar, Hadhar, Pencegahan, Takdir, al-Nawawi, Hadith, Epidemik.