Winter Occurance and Spring Migration of Frankliniella fusca (Hinds) (Thysanoptera: Tripidae) in North Carolina Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Fields

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
L. E. Garcia ◽  
R. L. Brandenburg ◽  
G. G. Kennedy ◽  
J. E. Bailey ◽  
J. R. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Prevailing Wind Direction ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Tobacco Thrips ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Wilt Virus

Abstract Overwintering of Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), tobacco thrips, in North Carolina and their subsequent spring movement into peanut fields were evaluated using two winter sampling techniques and three spring sampling techniques at the Peanut Belt Res. Sta., Lewiston, NC. In the spring of 1992 and 1993, for 14 d following peanut planting, the aerial movement of tobacco thrips was monitored using cylindrical sticky traps, trap plants, and exclusion cages. Frankliniellafusca were trapped significantly more often at 0.2 m and 0.9 m than at 1.8 m and during the afternoons. Thrips catch was significantly influenced by prevailing wind direction. No thrips were caught on sticky traps on days when maximum temperatures did not exceed 18.7 C. Frankliniella fusca began to colonize emerging peanut plants as they cracked the soil surface on days when there were temperatures above 18.7 C and times when there was no precipitation. Aerial F. fusca movement was monitored with sticky traps for three consecutive winters during 1993–96. Tobacco thrips were collected on sticky traps throughout the winter; however, counts were lower in months and years with lower temperatures. Tobacco thrips, caged throughout the winter with peanut plants infected with tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), were analyzed for the presence of a nonstructural protein (NSs) encoded for by the small RNA of TSWV and infectivity by ELISA. A total of eight tobacco thrips were collected, of which one tested positive.

scholarly journals Survival and Reproductive Success of Tobacco Thrips on Three Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Infected and Noninfected Peanut Cultivars

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Garcia ◽  
G. G. Kennedy ◽  
R. L. Brandenburg
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Tobacco Thrips ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Wilt Virus

Abstract A comparison of the survival and reproductive success of Frankliniella fusca (Hinds) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on tomato spotted wilt virus (Bunyviridae: Tospovirus) (TSWV) infected and uninfected peanut plants was conducted under greenhouse conditions in North Carolina. Three cultivars—NC 9, NC-V11, and NC 12C—adapted to North Carolina production practices were evaluated. A total of 180 individually caged plants, in three replicates, were infested with 20 female F. fusca each. Adult and larval thrips were collected after 30 d on the plants. Final counts were square root transformed and a mixed model analysis of variance conducted. Effects of cultivar and the virus-by-cultivar interaction were not statistically significant. TSWV-infected plants had significantly fewer adult and larval F. fusca than did uninfected plants for adults (P = 0.04) and for larvae (P = 0.01). This study reports on an alternative method of assessing TSWV resistance among peanut cultivars and the trend appears to support the conclusions of a previous field study, which found NC 9 more susceptible to TSWV than either NC-V11 or NC 12C.

scholarly journals The Role of Weed Hosts and Tobacco Thrips, Frankliniella fusca, in the Epidemiology of Tomato spotted wilt virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 573-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Groves ◽  
J. F. Walgenbach ◽  
J. W. Moyer ◽  
G. G. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Sonchus Asper ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Tobacco Thrips ◽  
Wilt Virus

Wild plant species were systematically sampled to characterize reproduction of thrips, the vector of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), and natural sources TSWV infection. Thrips populations were monitored on 28 common perennial, biennial, and annual plant species over two noncrop seasons at six field locations across North Carolina. Sonchus asper, Stellaria media, and Taraxacum officianale consistently supported the largest populations of immature TSWV vector species. The tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca, was the most abundant TSWV vector species collected, comprising over 95% of vector species in each survey season. Perennial plant species (i.e., Plantago rugelii and Taraxacum officianale) were often only locally abundant, and many annual species (Cerastium vulgatum, Sonchus asper, and Stellaria media) were more widely distributed. Perennial species, including P. rugelii and Rumex crispus, remained TSWV infected for 2 years in a small-plot field test. Where these perennial species are locally abundant, they may serve as important and long-lasting TSWV inoculum sources. In random surveys across 12 locations in North Carolina, TSWV infection was documented by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 35 of 72 (49%) common perennial (N = 10), biennial (N = 4), and annual (N = 21) plant species across 18 plant families. Estimated rates of TSWV infection were highest in Cerastium vulgatum (4.2%), Lactuca scariola (1.3%), Molluga verticillata (4.3%), Plantago rugelii (3.4%), Ranunculus sardous (3.6%), Sonchus asper (5.1%), Stellaria media (1.4%), and Taraxacum officianale (5.8%). Nine plant species were determined to be new host recordings for TSWV infection, including Cardamine hirsuta, Eupatorium capillifolium, Geranium carolinianum, Gnaphalium purpureum, Linaria canadense, Molluga verticillata, Pyrrhopappus carolinianus, Raphanus raphanistrum, and Triodanis perfoliata. Our findings document the relative potential of a number of common annual, biennial, and perennial plant species to act as important reproductive sites for F. fusca and as acquisition sources of TSWV for spread to susceptible crops.

scholarly journals Compatibility of Acephate with Herbicides Applied Postemergence in Peanut

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
G. S. Chahal ◽  
D. L. Jordan ◽  
P. M. Eure ◽  
R. L. Brandenburg
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Tobacco Thrips

ABSTRACT Numerous agrochemicals can be applied in peanut to control pests. Field and laboratory experiments were conducted in North Carolina during 2009 and 2010 to determine peanut response to paraquat and tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca Hinds.) when acephate was applied in combination with chloroacetamide and contact herbicides. Experiments were also conducted during 2011 to determine peanut response to acephate applied alone or with paraquat when peanut was planted either without aldicarb or when aldicarb was applied in the seed furrow at planting. Visible peanut damage caused by tobacco thrips feeding was greater when chloroacetamide herbicides were applied without acephate compared with application with acephate regardless of paraquat treatment. Visible injury caused by paraquat was higher when chloroacetamide herbicides were included compared with paraquat alone in one of two years. Visible injury by paraquat was lower when applied with acephate compared to paraquat alone in one of two years. Acephate applied to peanut foliage and aldicarb applied in the seed furrow at planting protected peanut similarly from damage associated with tobacco thrips feeding. Acephate alone or with chloroacetamide herbicides changed solution pH from slightly acidic to highly acidic. Several combinations of pesticides formed either transient or permanent precipitates.

scholarly journals Inoculation of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus into Cotton

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 959-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Groves ◽  
G. G. Kennedy ◽  
J. F. Walgenbach ◽  
J. W. Moyer
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
World Cotton ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Tobacco Thrips ◽  
The One ◽  
Wilt Virus

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is an economically important virus of many crops throughout the world. Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., has previously been demonstrated to be susceptible to TSWV (1). During the fall of 1996, cotton was assayed as a potential host of TSWV, as it is an important early season host of thrips vectors of TSWV. Four commercial cotton varieties (DP 20, DP 52, DP 5409, and HS 46) were screened for susceptibility to four isolates of TSWV: two from tobacco, one from pineapple, and one from dahlia. Greenhouse-grown plants in the first true leaf stage were inoculated mechanically. Mean percent infection ranged from 20 to 33% (x = 27%) across all cotton varieties screened against all virus isolates 21 days post-inoculation. TSWV was recovered through mechanical inoculation from double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS ELISA) positive cotton leaves in 83% of indicator plants, Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. ex Wight. Individual cotton plants testing TSWV ELISA positive were held for an additional 28 days with 4% of these again testing virus positive. The four cotton varieties were tested in the cotyledon, one-leaf, and four-leaf stages for susceptibility to tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca Hinds, transmission of one TSWV isolate from tobacco. First instar thrips were obtained from an avirulent colony. Mean percent infection among all varieties assayed was 10, 63, and 5%, respectively, for the three developmental stages. Cotton appears to be most susceptible in the one-leaf developmental stage with potential to serve as a source for TSWV spread to other crops. Reference: (1) G. L. Schuster and R. S. Haliwell. Plant Dis. 78:100, 1994.

scholarly journals Thrips Control in Peanuts, North Carolina, 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 244-244
Author(s):  
R. L. Brandenburg ◽  
B. M. Royals
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Tobacco Thrips

Abstract At-plant, in-furrow applied insecticides were evaluated for tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca) control at the Peanut Belt Research Station in Lewiston. NC-7 variety peanuts were planted on 36 inch rows on May 11 at approx. 100 lb of seed/acre. Soil temperature was 74°F and the soil was moist (0.8% H.M. and 5.7 pH). Soil series consisted of Rains + Goldsboro sandy loam. Prowl and Vernam were used for early season weed control. Plots were 2 rows wide × 50 ft long and each plot was separated by 2 buffer rows. Plots were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replicates. Plots were separated by a 5 ft barren strip. Peanuts were planted using a Cole® planter and in-furrow treatments were placed in the furrow with the seed using electric Gandy® boxes. The in-furrow application of the Orthene was applied by mounting spray nozzles directly behind the seed tube and connecting these to a COz sprayer on the planter. The sprayer was operated at 40 psi delivering approx. 30 gpa. Treatments, rates, and application techniques were listed. Peanuts were managed under standard agronomic practices. Thrips control was evaluated by determining the abundance of damaged leaflets per plot on 25 May and 1,8, 16 Jun. Twenty-five, newly-opened leaflets per plot were randomly selected and examined for thrips damage. The number of damaged leaflets was recorded. All data were transformed (square root of X + 0.5) prior to analysis. Actual means are presented in tables.

scholarly journals Influence of Planting Date and Insecticide on Injury Caused by Tobacco Thrips and Peanut Yield in North Carolina

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Mahoney ◽  
D.L. Jordan ◽  
R.L. Brandenburg ◽  
B.R. Royals ◽  
M.D. Inman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Pest Incidence ◽  
Tobacco Thrips

ABSTRACT Planting date can affect pest incidence and severity in peanut. Research was conducted from 2013 to 2016 in North Carolina to determine tobacco thrips [Frankliniella fusca (Hinds)] injury and pod yield when peanut was planted in early, mid-, and late-May when phorate was applied in the seed furrow at planting, acephate was applied to emerged peanut 3 wk after planting, or when both insecticides were applied. Differences in visible injury to peanut caused by tobacco thrips feeding were observed across yr, planting dates, and insecticide treatments. Applying either phorate or acephate was often as effective as the combination of both insecticides in preventing injury caused by tobacco thrips although in some instances applying both insecticides was more effective than a single insecticide. Visible injury caused by tobacco thrips was often greater when peanut was planted in early May compared with later plantings. Peanut yield was protected equally from tobacco thrips injury by phorate, acephate, and the combination of both insecticides. Planting date and insecticides affected peanut yield independently suggesting that strategies for managing tobacco thrips will not differ across planting dates in North Carolina. Peanut yield was greater in 2 of 4 yr when planted in mid-May compared with planting in early or late-May.

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