scholarly journals Planting Date Effect upon Leaf spot Disease and Pod Yield across Years and Peanut Genotypes.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Branch ◽  
I.N. Brown ◽  
A.K. Culbreath
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
University Of Georgia ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
The University

During 2012, 2015, and 2018 a set of 18 peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes (some common and some different) were used to evaluate the effect of planting dates (April, May, and June) on leaf spot disease and pod yield. Within each year, the same genotypes were grown during the three planting dates at the Gibbs Farm near the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA using a randomized complete block design with five replications without fungicides or insecticides but with irrigation. Each year, significant differences (P≤0.05) were found among the genotypes within each of these three planting dates for leaf spot disease ratings (0-9 scale) and pod yields. ‘Georganic’ in 2012 and 2015; and GA 132705, ‘Georgia-19HP’, and ‘Georgia-14N’ in 2018 had among the lowest leaf spot ratings. ‘Georgia-12Y’ had the highest average pod yield for each year of the three years. Each year during this study, the April planting date had the lowest, and the June planting date had the highest leaf spot disease ratings. Percent coefficient of variation (CV) was consistently lower at the June planting date which suggest the least variability among the peanut genotypes. In the overall average of genotypes, the April planting date resulted in the highest pod yield and the June planting date had the lowest average pod yield. In summary, April planting dates resulted in the highest pod yields, and the lowest leaf spot ratings across each of the three years.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivar Response to Leaf Spot Disease Development Under Four Disease Management Programs1

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Grichar ◽  
B. A. Besler ◽  
A. J. Jaks
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Disease Pressure

Abstract Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) pod yield and response to early and late leaf spots [caused by Cercospora arachidicola S. Hori and Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Deighton, respectively] were evaluated on six runner-type cultivars under four leaf spot spray programs using tebuconazole at 0.23 kg ai/ha and chlorothalonil at 1.26 kg ai/ha. The four leaf spot spray programs included unsprayed, 14-d schedule, 21-d schedule, and 28-d schedule. With the 14- and 21-d schedule, chlorothalonil was applied at the first and last applications with a maximum of four tebuconazole applications for the middle sprays. On the 28-d schedule, tebuconazole was applied four times. Under conditions of heavy leaf spot disease pressure where no fungicide was applied, Southern Runner and Georgia Browne were slightly less susceptible (although not significantly) to early or late leaf spot than Florunner, GK-7, Georgia Runner, or Sunrunner. Less leaf spot was present in the 14-d schedule compared to 21- or 28-d schedules. Although there was no yield difference between the 14-, 21-, or 28-d schedules, the plots sprayed on a 14-d schedule yielded 43% more than the unsprayed. When averaged across all spray schedules, Georgia Browne yielded 15% more peanuts than Georgia Runner.

Screening Groundnut (Arachis hypogeae) Genotypes for Resistance to Early and Late Leaf Spot Diseases

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
M. S. Alidu ◽  
S. Abukari ◽  
M. Abudulai
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Significant Difference

Background for the Study: Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important crop both in subsistence and commercial agriculture in Ghana. Early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola) and late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personata) are major limiting factors to groundnut productivity in Ghana. Aim: The objective of the study was to screen groundnut genotypes for resistance to Early and Late leaf spot diseases. Study Design: The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated three (3) times. Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted from May to December 2013 at the Savanna Agricultural Research Institute experimental site at Nyankpala in the Northern Region. The site lies between latitude 9°25´141 North and longitude 0°58’142 West and an altitude of 183 m. Methodology: The land was done using a tractor and field divided into plots of 2 m x 5 m with 1 m interval between plots. Sowing was done on 3rd June 2013. One seed was planted per hole at a depth of approximately 4 cm. Early and late leaf spot ratings were recorded at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting, using a ten-point scale. At pod maturity, plants from the middle two rows of each plot were hand-harvested and weights of the above ground foliage and underground pods were oven-dried to obtain dry haulm weight and pod yield respectively. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance using Genstat statistical package (12th edition). Means were separated using the least significant difference at 5%. Results: The were significant differences (P < .001) among the groundnut genotypes in terms of severity for both early and late leaf spot diseases. F-Mix, NC 7, PC 79-79, F-Mix × SINK 24 and NKATIE-SARI had lowest score for both early and late leaf spot diseases. Among the 21 groundnut genotypes, F-Mix recorded the highest pods yield of 1100kg/ha and haulm weight of 5867 kg/ha followed by NC 7 with total pods yield of 900 kg/ha and haulm weight of 5373 kg/ha. PC 79-79 had a total pods yield of 666.7 kg/ha and haulm weight of 4867kg/ha. The pods yield of F-Mix × SINK 24 was 533.3 kg/ha and haulm weight of 4600 kg/ha. NKATIE-SARI recorded pods yield of 500 kg/ha and haulm weight of 4633 kg/ha. Conclusions: From the study, the genotypes F-Mix, NC 7, PC 79-79, F-Mix × SINK 24 and NKATIE-SARI were found to be resistance to both early and late leaf spot disease whereas Chinese, Doumbala, GM 120, GM 324 and ICGV 86015 were susceptible to both diseases.

scholarly journals Identification of Field Resistance to Bacterial Leaf Spot Disease of Anthurium under Natural Epiphytotics in Trinidad

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
Annelle W.B. Holder ◽  
Winston Elibox ◽  
Christopher Avey ◽  
Pathmanathan Umaharan
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Spot ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Spot Disease

Six anthurium cultivars, grown widely in Trinidad were evaluated for field resistance to Acidovorax anthurii, the causal agent of bacterial leaf spot disease (BLS), in a disease nursery to determine whether resistance/tolerance to BLS can be reliably assessed in field studies. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications and with 25 plants per replicate per cultivar. Data on time to first symptoms, cumulative number of diseased leaves and cumulative number of dead plants per replicate per cultivar was recorded on a monthly basis over a 12-month period. Cubic polynomials were fitted for cumulative number of diseased leaves and cumulative number of dead plants per replicate for each cultivar and the largest slopes obtained during the exponential phase were investigated for the two parameters. The validity of resistance measures were assessed by correlating to field resistance assessed from a farm survey in another study. Time to first symptoms was found to be independent of the cultivar’s BLS resistance score. Cultivar differences for cumulative number of diseased leaves and dead plants were significant (P < 0.001) at 12 months after planting (MAP), with a strong correlation between them (Pearson’s r = 0.84, Spearman’s r = 0.89, P < 0.05). The largest rates of disease progression in leaves or disease progression measured as plant death over time were higher in the susceptible anthurium cultivars compared with the moderately resistant ones. Cumulative number of diseased leaves at 12 MAP was more discriminatory among cultivars and showed a larger correlation with field resistance scores obtained from the island-wide survey than cumulative number of dead plants and is therefore proposed as the reliable measure for assessing field resistance to BLS. The use of this method for breeding anthurium for BLS resistance is discussed.

scholarly journals Response of Different Cultivars of Radish (Raphanus Sativus L.) to Alternaria Leaf Spot on Seed Production during Winter at Rupandehi Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-324
Author(s):  
Madhu Sudhan Ghimire ◽  
Prativa Khanal ◽  
Ambika Pokhrel ◽  
Jyotsna Nepal ◽  
Pramod Thagunna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Alternaria Leaf Spot

A field experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications and seven cultivars of Radish as treatments for screening against Alternaria leaf spot for seed production. Disease scoring was done as percentage of leaf area infected on individual plant at 7 and 10 days intervals on leaf and siliqua respectively for 3 times, and disease severity and mean AUDPC were calculated and yield was recorded. Disease symptoms appeared first in Long Chetki 22 DAS and last in Green Neck Miyashige 38 DAS. Maximum mean AUDPC (886.7) on foliage was recorded in Long Chetki while minimum mean AUDPC (690.7) was recorded in Green Neck Miyashige Similarly, highest and lowest total mean AUDPC on siliqua were seen on cultivars 40 Days (1080) and Green Neck Miyashige (66.67) respectively. Highest yield was recorded in Green Neck Miyashige (695.2kg/ha) and lowest yield was recorded in cultivar Long Chetki (477.4kg/hac). Similarly, highest test weight was recorded in cultivar Mino Early (10.28gm) and lowest was recorded in cultivar 40-Days (8.4gm). Cultivar, All Season Green Long failed inflorescence formation hence no evidence of siliqua formation therefore bears value 0 for seed yield. Similarly, highest biomass yield excluding root was found in cultivar Subhra-32 (613.3gm/m2) and lowest biomass yield was recorded in cultivar Green Neck Miyashige (341.7gm/m2). Green Neck Miyashige was found resistant to Alternaria leaf spot disease with maximum seed yield (695.2kg/ha). The cultivars Subhra-32 and 40 days were highly susceptible to Alternaria leaf spot disease with minimum seed yield.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(3): 318-324

scholarly journals KAJIAN MACAM PUPUK HAYATI TERHADAP INTENSITAS PENYAKIT BERCAK DAUN Cercospora sp PADA TANAMAN JAGUNG HITAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Nining Saputri ◽  
Sartono Joko Santosa ◽  
Saiful Bahri
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Corn Husk ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Disease Attack ◽  
Biological Fertilizer

This study is titled Study of Biological Fertilizers on the intensity of Leaf Spots (Cercospora sp.) On Black Corn (Black Aztec) with the aim to study the types of biological fertilizers on the intensity of Cercospora sp. which began on November 9, 2019, in Jembangan Village, Gagaksipat Village, Ngemplak District, Boyolali District, Central Java, with a height of 150m (asl). This study uses a single factor Complete Randomized Block Design (RCBD) consisting of 10 treatments and 3 replications. The data from the results of this study were analyzed with the Duncan at the 5% level. The parameters observed include: intensity of leaf spot disease, weight of cob with corn husk per plant (gram), weight of cob without corn husk per plant (gram), weight of 100 corn seeds (gram). The results showed that: (1) Symptoms of leaf spot disease appear evenly on all biological fertilizers, symptoms of disease attack began to appear at the age of 30 days after planting. (2) In the treatment of biological fertilizer Megharizo on black corn concertration 10 ml/1,2 l (B2) can reduce the intensity of leaf spot disease. (3) The application of biological fertilizer from three doses has not been able to increase the yield of black corn to the weight of corn with corn husk, weight of corn without corn husk, and weight of 100 seeds.

scholarly journals Effects of Postemergence Herbicides on Cercospora arachidicola Hori and Early Leaf Spot of Peanut1

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Baysinger ◽  
H. A. Melouk ◽  
D. S. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Abstract Early leaf spot is a common disease of peanut caused by the fungus Cercospora arachidicola Hori. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of postemergence herbicides on the conidial germination of C. arachidicola and on the incidence of early leaf spot disease in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in a greenhouse. Conidial germination was enhanced (≥ 100%) at concentrations of 1, 100, and 1000 mg/L of 2,4-DB compared with the untreated control. Lactofen reduced conidial germination by 42% compared with the control at concentrations as low as 100 mg/L and completely inhibited germination at concentrations ≥ 5000 mg/L. A concentration of 10,000 mg/L acifluorfen and 2,4-DB completely inhibited conidial germination. Acifluorfen, acifluorfen plus 2,4-DB, and lactofen decreased the sporulation of early leaf spot lesions. Lactofen reduced leaf spot incidence 12% and decreased sporulation of lesions 22% compared with the control. None of the herbicides increased the incidence of early leaf spot on peanut plants or the number of early leaf spot lesions per leaflet when compared with plants that received no herbicide.

GROUNDNUT YIELD RESPONSE AND ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF FUNGICIDE AND PHOSPHORUS APPLICATION IN FARMER-MANAGED TRIALS IN NORTHERN GHANA

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. NAAB ◽  
S. S. SEINI ◽  
K. O. GYASI ◽  
G. Y. MAHAMA ◽  
P. V. V. PRASAD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
P Application ◽  
Phosphorus Application

SUMMARYPrior on-station research showed that sowing dates, sowing density and applications of fungicide and phosphorus (P) increased groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) pod yield by 60–80%. Farmer-managed trials were conducted in the Wa district of the Upper West Region of Ghana from 2004 to 2007 to test the yield response to sowing density, fungicide and P and to assess economic returns of these technologies to farmers. Treatments included: an early maturing groundnut cultivar, Chinese, sown at farmers' density (5–8 plant m−2) without fungicide and without P application (T1, control), with fungicide sprays alone (T2), or with fungicide and P application (T3), cultivar Chinese sown at recommended (higher) density (20 plant m−2) with fungicide and P application (T4), and a full season cultivar, Manipinter, with fungicide and P application (T5). Soil fertility, sowing density, days from sowing to first weeding, incidence and severity of leaf-spot disease and plant population at final harvest were recorded. Relative to farmers' practice, pod yield of cultivar Chinese was significantly increased by 80% with fungicide sprays alone, 108% with fungicide and P application, and 113% with fungicide and P application at higher sowing density. Cultivar Manipinter treated with fungicide and P gave 107% increase in pod yield relative to farmers' practice. Correlation and stepwise regression analyses suggested that major determinants of groundnut pod yield in farmers' fields were plant density, leaf-spot disease and P availability. The increase in yield with fungicide and P application translated into a 4–5-fold increase in gross margin for farmers in the region. Returns to labour and labour productivity were doubled with combined use of fungicide and P fertilizer.

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