Screening Groundnut (Arachis hypogeae) Genotypes for Resistance to Early and Late Leaf Spot Diseases

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
M. S. Alidu ◽  
S. Abukari ◽  
M. Abudulai
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Significant Difference

Background for the Study: Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important crop both in subsistence and commercial agriculture in Ghana. Early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola) and late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personata) are major limiting factors to groundnut productivity in Ghana. Aim: The objective of the study was to screen groundnut genotypes for resistance to Early and Late leaf spot diseases. Study Design: The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated three (3) times. Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted from May to December 2013 at the Savanna Agricultural Research Institute experimental site at Nyankpala in the Northern Region. The site lies between latitude 9°25´141 North and longitude 0°58’142 West and an altitude of 183 m. Methodology: The land was done using a tractor and field divided into plots of 2 m x 5 m with 1 m interval between plots. Sowing was done on 3rd June 2013. One seed was planted per hole at a depth of approximately 4 cm. Early and late leaf spot ratings were recorded at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting, using a ten-point scale. At pod maturity, plants from the middle two rows of each plot were hand-harvested and weights of the above ground foliage and underground pods were oven-dried to obtain dry haulm weight and pod yield respectively. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance using Genstat statistical package (12th edition). Means were separated using the least significant difference at 5%. Results: The were significant differences (P < .001) among the groundnut genotypes in terms of severity for both early and late leaf spot diseases. F-Mix, NC 7, PC 79-79, F-Mix × SINK 24 and NKATIE-SARI had lowest score for both early and late leaf spot diseases. Among the 21 groundnut genotypes, F-Mix recorded the highest pods yield of 1100kg/ha and haulm weight of 5867 kg/ha followed by NC 7 with total pods yield of 900 kg/ha and haulm weight of 5373 kg/ha. PC 79-79 had a total pods yield of 666.7 kg/ha and haulm weight of 4867kg/ha. The pods yield of F-Mix × SINK 24 was 533.3 kg/ha and haulm weight of 4600 kg/ha. NKATIE-SARI recorded pods yield of 500 kg/ha and haulm weight of 4633 kg/ha. Conclusions: From the study, the genotypes F-Mix, NC 7, PC 79-79, F-Mix × SINK 24 and NKATIE-SARI were found to be resistance to both early and late leaf spot disease whereas Chinese, Doumbala, GM 120, GM 324 and ICGV 86015 were susceptible to both diseases.

scholarly journals Efficacy of fungicides in control of turmeric leaf spot caused by Colletotrichum capsici at Tepi, Southwestern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Merga Jibat ◽  
Mulukan Asfaw
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Colletotrichum Capsici ◽  
Southwestern Ethiopia

Turmeric leaf spot, caused by the pathogen Colletotrichum capsici, is the greatest damaging disease that limits the production and productivity of turmeric, and reduces qualitative and quantitative rhizome yields in Southwestern Ethiopia. A field trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different fungicides against a disease epidemic of turmeric leaf spot in Southwestern Ethiopia. The field experiment was performed at Tepi Agricultural Research Center during the 2019 and 2020 main cropping seasons using four fungicides: Ethiozeb 80% WP (mancozeb), Prozole 255 EC (propiconazole), Mancolaxyl 72% WP (mancozeb + metalaxyl) and Ridomil Gold MZ 68 WG (metalaxyl-M), which were applied either as seed rhizome treatments plus foliar spray, or as foliar spray alone for control of leaf spot infection. The field experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with nine treatments and three replications. The results of the experiment indicated that both rhizome treatment + foliar spray, and foliar fungicide spray treatments significantly affected the turmeric leaf spot epidemics. The effect of the foliar spray Prozole 255 EC (propiconazole) was significantly higher than the other treatments in reducing disease severity (27.0) and maximizing rhizome fresh yield (34.1 ton/ ha). The maximum cost benefit ratio (1:2.65) was achieved by the foliar spray fungicide Prozole 255 EC (propiconazole). Amongst different fungicides considered, the foliar spray Prozole 255 EC (propiconazole) reduced leaf spot disease incidence up to 47.1% over the control on the last day of disease evaluation. The whole outcome of this experiment showed that foliar Prozole 255 EC (propiconazole) fungicide sprays were effective in alleviating the epidemic of turmeric leaf spot and boosting turmeric production and productivity.

scholarly journals Effects of Postemergence Herbicides on Cercospora arachidicola Hori and Early Leaf Spot of Peanut1

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Baysinger ◽  
H. A. Melouk ◽  
D. S. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Abstract Early leaf spot is a common disease of peanut caused by the fungus Cercospora arachidicola Hori. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of postemergence herbicides on the conidial germination of C. arachidicola and on the incidence of early leaf spot disease in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in a greenhouse. Conidial germination was enhanced (≥ 100%) at concentrations of 1, 100, and 1000 mg/L of 2,4-DB compared with the untreated control. Lactofen reduced conidial germination by 42% compared with the control at concentrations as low as 100 mg/L and completely inhibited germination at concentrations ≥ 5000 mg/L. A concentration of 10,000 mg/L acifluorfen and 2,4-DB completely inhibited conidial germination. Acifluorfen, acifluorfen plus 2,4-DB, and lactofen decreased the sporulation of early leaf spot lesions. Lactofen reduced leaf spot incidence 12% and decreased sporulation of lesions 22% compared with the control. None of the herbicides increased the incidence of early leaf spot on peanut plants or the number of early leaf spot lesions per leaflet when compared with plants that received no herbicide.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Selection of Interspecific Lines of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) for Resistance to Leaf Spot Disease and for Yield Improvement

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 873
Author(s):  
Nicholas N. Denwar ◽  
Charles E. Simpson ◽  
James L. Starr ◽  
Terry A. Wheeler ◽  
Mark D. Burow
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Linkage Drag ◽  
Backcross Population ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Advanced Backcross ◽  
Advanced Backcross Population ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Early and late leaf spot are two devastating diseases of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) worldwide. The development of a fertile, cross-compatible synthetic amphidiploid, TxAG-6 ([A. batizocoi × (A. cardenasii × A. diogoi)]4x), opened novel opportunities for the introgression of wild alleles for disease and pest resistance into commercial cultivars. Twenty-seven interspecific lines selected from prior evaluation of an advanced backcross population were evaluated for resistance to early and late leaf spot, and for yield in two locations in Ghana in 2006 and 2007. Several interspecific lines had early leaf spot scores significantly lower than the susceptible parent, indicating that resistance to leaf spot had been successfully introgressed and retained after three cycles of backcrossing. Time to appearance of early leaf spot symptoms was less in the introgression lines than in susceptible check cultivars, but the opposite was true for late leaf spot. Selected lines from families 43-08, 43-09, 50-04, and 60-02 had significantly reduced leaf spot scores, while lines from families 43-09, 44-10, and 63-06 had high pod yields. One line combined both resistance to leaf spot and high pod yield, and several other useful lines were also identified. Results suggest that it is possible to break linkage drag for low yield that accompanies resistance. However, results also suggest that resistance was diluted in many of the breeding lines, likely a result of the multigenic nature of resistance. Future QTL analysis may be useful to identify alleles for resistance and allow recombination and pyramiding of resistance alleles while reducing linkage drag.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivar Response to Leaf Spot Disease Development Under Four Disease Management Programs1

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Grichar ◽  
B. A. Besler ◽  
A. J. Jaks
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Disease Pressure

Abstract Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) pod yield and response to early and late leaf spots [caused by Cercospora arachidicola S. Hori and Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Deighton, respectively] were evaluated on six runner-type cultivars under four leaf spot spray programs using tebuconazole at 0.23 kg ai/ha and chlorothalonil at 1.26 kg ai/ha. The four leaf spot spray programs included unsprayed, 14-d schedule, 21-d schedule, and 28-d schedule. With the 14- and 21-d schedule, chlorothalonil was applied at the first and last applications with a maximum of four tebuconazole applications for the middle sprays. On the 28-d schedule, tebuconazole was applied four times. Under conditions of heavy leaf spot disease pressure where no fungicide was applied, Southern Runner and Georgia Browne were slightly less susceptible (although not significantly) to early or late leaf spot than Florunner, GK-7, Georgia Runner, or Sunrunner. Less leaf spot was present in the 14-d schedule compared to 21- or 28-d schedules. Although there was no yield difference between the 14-, 21-, or 28-d schedules, the plots sprayed on a 14-d schedule yielded 43% more than the unsprayed. When averaged across all spray schedules, Georgia Browne yielded 15% more peanuts than Georgia Runner.

scholarly journals Planting Date Effect upon Leaf spot Disease and Pod Yield across Years and Peanut Genotypes.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Branch ◽  
I.N. Brown ◽  
A.K. Culbreath
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
University Of Georgia ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
The University

During 2012, 2015, and 2018 a set of 18 peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes (some common and some different) were used to evaluate the effect of planting dates (April, May, and June) on leaf spot disease and pod yield. Within each year, the same genotypes were grown during the three planting dates at the Gibbs Farm near the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA using a randomized complete block design with five replications without fungicides or insecticides but with irrigation. Each year, significant differences (P≤0.05) were found among the genotypes within each of these three planting dates for leaf spot disease ratings (0-9 scale) and pod yields. ‘Georganic’ in 2012 and 2015; and GA 132705, ‘Georgia-19HP’, and ‘Georgia-14N’ in 2018 had among the lowest leaf spot ratings. ‘Georgia-12Y’ had the highest average pod yield for each year of the three years. Each year during this study, the April planting date had the lowest, and the June planting date had the highest leaf spot disease ratings. Percent coefficient of variation (CV) was consistently lower at the June planting date which suggest the least variability among the peanut genotypes. In the overall average of genotypes, the April planting date resulted in the highest pod yield and the June planting date had the lowest average pod yield. In summary, April planting dates resulted in the highest pod yields, and the lowest leaf spot ratings across each of the three years.

Evaluation of Runner Peanut Cultivars and Advanced Georgia Breeding Lines for Yield and Resistance to Late Leaf Spot Under Three Disease-Management Programs1

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. Smith ◽  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
W. D. Branch ◽  
B. G. Mullinix
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Anastomosis Group ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Peanut Cultivars

Abstract Podyield and resistance to late leaf spot, caused by Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Deighton, were evaluated on nine advanced Georgia breeding lines and five cultivars of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.): Florunner, Georgia Runner, GK-7, Southern Runner, and Sunrunner. Peanuts were grown at Tifton, GA during 1987-1988 under three leaf spot programs using diniconazole at 0.14 kg/ha with Agri-Dex® (0.5% v/v): 1) unsprayed, 2) 28-day, and 3) 14-day spray schedule. Final disease ratings (Florida 1 to 10 scale) were made approximately 1-wk prior to harvest. In unsprayed plots, Southern Runner and GaT-2566 had significantly lower leaf spot disease ratings than Florunner, GK-7, Sunrunner, and Georgia Runner. Across all fungicide treatments, yields of Georgia Runner averaged significantly higher than the four other cultivars and GaT-2566. Average yields were 5111, 4497, 4433, 4404, 4377, and 4022 kg/ha for Georgia Runner, Southern Runner, GK-7, GaT-2566, Sunrunner, and Florunner, respectively. In addition to low yield potential of GaT-2566, it was susceptible to Rhizoctonia limb rot (R. solani Kühn, anastomosis group 4). However, Georgia Runner was found to have moderate tolerance to late leaf spot and excellent yield potential.

scholarly journals Registration of three peanut allotetraploid interspecific hybrids resistant to late leaf spot disease and tomato spotted wilt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Chu ◽  
H. Thomas Stalker ◽  
Kathleen Marasigan ◽  
Chandler M. Levinson ◽  
Dongying Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt

scholarly journals Late Leaf Spot Severity and Yield of New Peanut Breeding Lines and Cultivars Grown Without Fungicides

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (11) ◽  
pp. 1843-1850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian S. Jordan ◽  
Albert K. Culbreath ◽  
Timothy B. Brenneman ◽  
Robert C. Kemerait ◽  
William D. Branch
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Canopy Reflectance ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Width Measurements

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivars with resistance or tolerance to Cercospora arachidicola and/or Cercosporidium personatum, the causes of early and late leaf spot, respectively, are needed for organic production in the southeastern U.S. To determine the potential of new breeding lines for use in such production systems, field experiments were conducted in Tifton, GA, in 2014 and 2015 in which nine breeding lines and two cultivars, Georgia-06G and Georgia-12Y, were grown without foliar fungicide applications. In one set of trials, cultivar Georgia-12Y and most of the breeding lines evaluated had early season vigor ratings, early-season canopy width measurements, final plant populations, and pod yield that were greater than those of standard cultivar Georgia-06G. In those trials, final late leaf spot Florida scale ratings were lower and canopy reflectance measured as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), was higher all the breeding lines than those of Georgia-06G. In another set of trials, two of those same breeding lines had final late leaf spot ratings similar to those of Georgia-12Y in 2014, whereas in 2015, six of those breeding lines had final leaf spot ratings that were lower than those of Georgia-12Y. Yields were similar for Georgia-12Y and all the breeding lines in the Gibbs Farm trials. Across years and breeding lines at the Lang Farm, the relationship between visual estimates of defoliation and NDVI was described by a two sector piecewise regression with NDVI decreasing more rapidly with increasing defoliation above approximately 89%. The utility of NDVI for spot comparisons among breeding lines appears to be limited to situations where there are differences in defoliation. Georgia-12Y and multiple breeding lines evaluated show potential for use in situations such as organic production where acceptable fungicides available for seed treatment and leaf spot control are limited.

scholarly journals Effect of Plant Revitalization Hormone and Foliar Fertilization on Growth and Yield of Boro Rice

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
MR Karim ◽  
MM Rashid ◽  
MA Salam ◽  
MA Mazid ◽  
MA Momin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Boro Rice

Correction: In the last line of the abstract, the word 'increase' was replaced with the word 'reduced' on 25th November 2015. The correct sentence now reads "The application of PRH, Calsol and Magic Growth significantly reduced rice yield than that obtained with recommended fertilizer dose."AbstractInherent soil fertility and application of exogenous fertilizer generally affect rice yield. Fertilization would be soil fertilization or foliar feeding through leaf area. Plant growth promoting substances also improve plant performance through modulation of its growth and yield. The study was conducted at BRAC Agricultural Research and Development Center (BARDC), Gazipur. The aim of the study was to find out the growth and yield of Boro rice as influenced by plant revitalization hormone (PRH) and liquid fertilizer Calsol and Magic Growth during dry season 2012-13 using randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatment consists of; T1=Recommend fertilizer dose of NPKS and Zn (Control), T2=T1+ recommended PRH, T3=T2 + half of the PRH, T4=Half of doses of T1 + PRH, T5=PRH, T6=Recommended fertilizer dose of NPK with three N top dressed along with Calsol, T7=Recommended fertilizer dose of NPK with 1st and 3rd split of N application and along with three split of Calsol application, T8=Recommended dose of liquid fertilizer Magic Growth. The effect of different treatment combinations of PRH and liquid fertilizer Calsol and Magic Growth showed significant difference (p<0.05) in panicle m-2, unfilled grain panicle-1, total grain panicle-1, and grain yield. However, none of the treatments out yielded the existing fertilizer application method. The application of PRH, Calsol and Magic Growth significantly reduced (corrected on 25th Nov. 2015) rice yield than that obtained with recommended fertilizer dose.Bangladesh Rice j. 2015, 19(1): 33-39

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document