scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE POSSIBILITIES FOR SAVING AND DEVELOPMENT OF DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMS ІN UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
G.G. Geletukha ◽  
V.G. Kramar ◽  
Y.M. Oliynyk ◽  
V.O. Antonenko
Keyword(s):  
District Heating ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Parallel Operation ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Strategic Direction ◽  
Lower Heat ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Tariff Costs ◽  
Technical Measures ◽  
Independent Heat

Purpose of the paper is to analyze the main causes leading to the destruction of DH systems in Ukraine, as well as the search for ways to modernize the existing worn-out DH system. After comparison of DH and individual systems, it was concluded that in order to retain the leading positions, the DH should generate heat significantly (by 20-40%) cheaper than individual systems. Several technical measures have been examined in detail and evaluated, namely: transition to cheaper fuels, in particular biomass; transition to technologies that are more efficient for generation of thermal energy (CHP, cogeneration plants, condensing economizers). In addition, it is necessary to create conditions for full-fledged competitiveness of Communal Utilities with independent heat producers, in particular, a simplification of networks connection procedure. No special requirements should be put other than heat carrier parameters and lower heat price. A reliable parallel operation of Communal Utilities and independent companies is possible in DH systems exceeding 50 Gcal / h. The emerged competition must induce Communal Utilities to use biomass on their own CHPs and boilers and produce cheaper heat. An important organizational measure is a full transition from the "cost +" principle in tariff formation to incentive tariff formation. It is also necessary to determine tariff costs separately by each type of licensed activity (production, transportation and supply of heat energy), while not allowing cross subsidies. Summing up the above suggestions it is concluded that state authorities should adopt program documents with strategic direction for the preservation and development of the DH systems.

scholarly journals METHODS FOR CALCULATING NETWORK PARAMETERS IN REGULATING THE COMPLEX OF WORKS ON MODERNIZATION OF THE HEAT SUPPLY SECTOR

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadiia Yushchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Supply ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Critical Path ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Network Parameters ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
Heating Networks

In Ukraine, where, unlike the countries of the European Union that use district heating systems and have invested more than €80 billion in their modernization over the past 30 years, during 1990-2020 there was no necessary investment in the modernization of district heating systems, especially badly worn out heating systems combined heat and power plants and heating networks, losses of thermal energy in heat sources and networks are the largest in Europe, rational work is needed to further improve the technical level of heat supply systems based on innovative, highly efficient technologies and equipment; reduction of non-production losses of heat energy and fuel consumption; ensuring controllability, reliability, safety and efficiency of heat supply; reducing the negative impact on the environment. And in this case, the planning of works that are significant in terms of volume, cost and time becomes especially relevant to the use of economic and mathematical models and methods existing in the theory of planning and network management, such as the Critical Path Method, Program Evaluation and Review Technique, Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique, which involve working with networks, and related software like Project Standard, Open Plan, Primavera Project Planner, SureTrak Project Manager and others that will help generate invariants of management decisions regarding the sequencing and timing of use limited resources throughout the entire period of the project, dynamically adjust the timing of the start of each type of work, carry out the optimal distribution of funds allocated to the project in terms of reducing the duration of the entire project, analyze the trade-off relationships between p the costs and timing of various works, taking into account the available reserve of time, when it comes to a large number of interrelated works that must be performed in a strict technological sequence, require timing and control in order to achieve the task. The article is devoted to the systematization and review of such methods for calculating network parameters (network graphics) such as analytical, matrix, tabular and with the use of electronic computers (computers). The expediency of adapting them to the practice of effective planning and management of modernization, reconstruction and replacement of technological equipment of heat points and heating networks of heat power enterprises in order to reduce costs in the production, transmission and distribution of heat energy for the implementation of the Energy Strategy of Ukraine for the period up to 2035 is substantiated.

scholarly journals Optimal coefficient of the share of cogeneration in the district heating system cooperating with thermal storage

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Ziębik ◽  
Paweł Gładysz
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Heating System ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
Optimal Coefficient ◽  
The Cost

Optimal coefficient of the share of cogeneration in the district heating system cooperating with thermal storage The paper presents the results of optimizing the coefficient of the share of cogeneration expressed by an empirical formula dedicated to designers, which will allow to determine the optimal value of the share of cogeneration in contemporary cogeneration systems with the thermal storages feeding the district heating systems. This formula bases on the algorithm of the choice of the optimal coefficient of the share of cogeneration in district heating systems with the thermal storage, taking into account additional benefits concerning the promotion of high-efficiency cogeneration and the decrease of the cost of CO2 emission thanks to cogeneration. The approach presented in this paper may be applicable both in combined heat and power (CHP) plants with back-pressure turbines and extraction-condensing turbines.

scholarly journals Investment and Profitability of Community Heating Systems Using Bioenergy in Finland: Opportunities and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11757
Author(s):  
Raghu KC ◽  
Jarno Föhr ◽  
Arun Gyawali ◽  
Tapio Ranta
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
The Cost

Oil heating systems are abundant in rural Finland and they need to be replaced by renewable energy as Finland aims to be carbon neutral by 2035. Bioenergy, one of the renewable energies, is a common source of energy in Finland as the country is rich in forest resources. In Finland, combined heat and power plants utilize such resource to produce district heat and electricity but Finnish rural areas do not have access to the district heating network. However, there are potential scenarios where community heating could be possible using portable chip-fired heating systems (heat containers). Ultimately, the cost of heating is an important factor for the consumers and the cost of investment is likely to put off any interest from the communities. In this research, we explored the cost and profitability of heat container investments in rural Finland and examined the challenges for the energy transition away from oil heating systems, as well as the opportunities decentralized biomass-fired heating systems might bring. The results of this research indicate that the price of heat produced in heat containers is comparatively higher than district heating, which is commonly used in cities in Finland, but is cost-competitive compared to oil heating depending on the price of oil. For example, the current price of LFO (~1 EUR/l) generates costlier heat than the 300 kW heat container provides. Firing wood pellets in the heat container is not economically viable due to expensive raw material but smaller-sized heat container (110 kW) firing wood chips could provide cost-competitive heat if uptime is raised to >2700 h/year. There are socio-economic impacts and value-added effects on the rural region due to utilization of local resource instead of imported LFO but there remain challenges and barriers such as high initial investment, low investment support and lack of policies focused on decentralised energy enterprises.

CONCEPTUAL POSITIONS OF MODERNIZATION OF EXISTING INEFFICIENT DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMS

2017 ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Ye.Ye. Nikitin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Energy Management Systems ◽  
Current State ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
District Heating Systems

The current situation in the sphere of district heating is analysed on the basis of use of the cognitive approach. The presence of closed chains of cause-effect relationships of negative factors and conflicts of target settings of the subjects in the field of district heating is shown. The conceptual model of energy efficient modernization of district heating systems is proposed. This model includes indicators of the current status of heat sources, networks and heat consumers, energetic and economic models, restrictions, procedure of forming and analysis of the mutual influence of the recommended projects. The quantitative data on indicators of the current state of district heating systems of the cities of Ukraine are presented. The interrelation between indicators of the current state and projects of energy efficient modernization of district heating systems is shown. Assessment of energy self-sufficiency of municipal district heating systems on condition of thermal modernization of buildings is carried out. The creation of energy management systems at the district heating enterprises is proposed. Bib. 6, Fig. 7, Tab. 5.

scholarly journals Technology Pathways and Economic Analysis for Transforming High Temperature to Low Temperature District Heating Systems

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3218
Author(s):  
Pedro Durán ◽  
Herena Torio ◽  
Patrik Schönfeldt ◽  
Peter Klement ◽  
Benedikt Hanke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
District Heating Systems

There are 1454 district heating systems in Germany. Most of them are fossil based and with high temperature levels, which is neither efficient nor sustainable and needs to be changed for reaching the 2050 climate goals. In this paper, we present a case study for transforming a high to low temperature district heating system which is more suitable for renewable energy supply. With the Carnot Toolbox, a dynamic model of a potential district heating system is simulated and then transformed to a low temperature supply. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to see the system performance in case space constrains restrict the transformation. Finally, an economic comparison is performed. Results show that it is technically possible to perform the transformation until a very low temperature system. The use of decentralized renewable sources, decentralized heat storage tanks and the placement of a heat pump on each building are the key points to achieve the transformation. Regarding the sensitivity analysis, the transformation is worth doing until the seasonal storage and solar collector field sizes are reduced to 60% and 80% of their values in the reference case, respectively. The economic analysis shows, however, that it is hard for highly efficient low temperature renewable based heat networks to compete with district heating systems based on a centralized fossile CHP solution. Thus, though the presented transformation is technically possible, there is a strong need to change existing economic schemes and policies for fostering a stronger promotion of renewable energy policies in the heat sector.

scholarly journals Model Predictive Control Strategies to Activate the Energy Flexibility for Zones with Hydronic Radiant Systems

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1195
Author(s):  
Ali Saberi Derakhtenjani ◽  
Andreas K. Athienitis
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
High Price ◽  
Electricity Prices ◽  
Peak Demand ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Demand Reduction ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Floor System ◽  
Radiant Floor Heating

This paper presents control strategies to activate energy flexibility for zones with radiant heating systems in response to changes in electricity prices. The focus is on zones with radiant floor heating systems for which the hydronic pipes are located deep in the concrete and, therefore, there is a significant thermal lag. A perimeter zone test-room equipped with a hydronic radiant floor system in an environmental chamber is used as a case study. A low order thermal network model for the perimeter zone, validated with experimental measurements, is utilized to study various control strategies in response to changes in the electrical grid price signal, including short term (nearly reactive) changes of the order of 10–15 min notice. An index is utilized to quantify the building energy flexibility with the focus on peak demand reduction for specific periods of time when the electricity prices are higher than usual. It is shown that the developed control strategies can aid greatly in enhancing the zone energy flexibility and minimizing the cost of electricity and up to 100% reduction in peak power demand and energy consumption is attained during the high-price and peak-demand periods, while maintaining acceptable comfort conditions.

scholarly journals Seasonal storage and demand side management in district heating systems with demand uncertainty

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 116392
Author(s):  
Ruud Egging-Bratseth ◽  
Hanne Kauko ◽  
Brage Rugstad Knudsen ◽  
Sara Angell Bakke ◽  
Amina Ettayebi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demand Uncertainty ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Demand Side Management ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
District Heating Systems

scholarly journals A Method for Optimizing and Spatially Distributing Heating Systems by Coupling an Urban Energy Simulation Platform and an Energy System Model

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Annette Steingrube ◽  
Keyu Bao ◽  
Stefan Wieland ◽  
Andrés Lalama ◽  
Pithon M. Kabiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
District Heating ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Energy Simulation ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Optimal Amount ◽  
Urban City ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
Building Level

District heating is seen as an important concept to decarbonize heating systems and meet climate mitigation goals. However, the decision related to where central heating is most viable is dependent on many different aspects, like heating densities or current heating structures. An urban energy simulation platform based on 3D building objects can improve the accuracy of energy demand calculation on building level, but lacks a system perspective. Energy system models help to find economically optimal solutions for entire energy systems, including the optimal amount of centrally supplied heat, but do not usually provide information on building level. Coupling both methods through a novel heating grid disaggregation algorithm, we propose a framework that does three things simultaneously: optimize energy systems that can comprise all demand sectors as well as sector coupling, assess the role of centralized heating in such optimized energy systems, and determine the layouts of supplying district heating grids with a spatial resolution on the street level. The algorithm is tested on two case studies; one, an urban city quarter, and the other, a rural town. In the urban city quarter, district heating is economically feasible in all scenarios. Using heat pumps in addition to CHPs increases the optimal amount of centrally supplied heat. In the rural quarter, central heat pumps guarantee the feasibility of district heating, while standalone CHPs are more expensive than decentral heating technologies.

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